Dopant and current rate dependence on the structural evolution of P2-Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1M0.1O2 (M=Cu, Ti): an operando study
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Date
2021-06-24
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wiley
Abstract
Variable current rate operando XRD experiments were performed on the P2- Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Cu0.1O2 composition, which displays promising electrochemical properties. The data reveals the reversible formation of a new and previously undetected ordering reflection upon extraction of Na-ions, and that small compositional alterations may dramatically impact structural evolution and electrochemical properties. For P2- Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Cu0.1O2 at all current rates examined (25, 50 and 100 mA.g−1), comparable structural evolution on charge is observed, but the structural evolution on discharge is shown to be significantly influenced by the current applied during the preceding charge step. For both P2- Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Cu0.1O2 and P2- Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Ti0.1O2 comparable structural evolution is observed only at a slower current rate of 25 mA.g−1. Overall, the structural evolution of these layered materials is shown to be dependent on the cycling history, highlighting the significance of applied current rate during cycling, especially during the initial cycle. © 2021 The Authors.
Description
Keywords
X-ray diffraction, Electrochemistry, Electric batteries, Oxides, Cathodes, Sodium ions
Citation
Stansby, J. H., Sharma, N., Avdeev, M., Brand, H. E. A., Gonzalo, E., Drewett, N. E., Ortiz-Vitoriano, N., & Rojo, T. (2021). Dopant and current rate dependence on the structural evolution of P2-Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1M0.1O2 (M=Cu, Ti): an operando study. Chemistry Methods, 1(6), 295-304. doi:10.1002/cmtd.202000075