ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

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Water-mediated super-correlated proton-assisted transport mode for solid-state K−O2 batteries
(Elsevier, 2024-09) Kong, DC; Avdeev, M; Song, LN; Zhen, LJ; Wang, XX; Xu, JJ
A comprehensive understanding of the behavior nature of fast ions at the atomic level is essential for the development of advanced solid-state ionic conductors. The inadequate inter-ion correlation effects of current ion transport models lead to a conductivity bottleneck in designing conductors. Herein, based on water-mediated proton-assisted ion transport, a novel transport mode with simultaneous anion-cation and inter-cation coupling is designed, enabling the K-ions of the modeled solid-state ionic conductor K2Fe4O7 crystals to achieve an ultra-high conductivity of 7.6 × 10–2 S cm–1, an enhancement of two orders of magnitude. The principle of the accelerated K-ion diffusion through the rotation and vibration of water molecules around the framework oxygen atom is elaborated, and the coupling correlation between proton and K-ion transport is confirmed using in-situ impedance spectroscopy under labeled isotopes. The application of this mechanism enabled the fabricated K−O2 solid-state battery exhibit an ultra-low overpotential (0.1 V) and excellent rate performance. Further, the mechanism is also applicable for Li and Na-ion conductors, providing significant theoretical guidance for breaking existing universal design rules and for the development for faster ionic conductors. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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What drives vegetation changes in South Sulawesi during the MIS 5e transition?
(Copernicus Publications, 2024-04-17) Kimbrough, A; Gagan, MK; Dunbar, GB; Treble, PC; Hantoro, WS; Zhao, JX; Edwards, RL; Shen, CC; Suwargadi, B; Wong, HKY; Rifai, H
Sulawesi speleothem carbon isotopes (δ13C) are found to co-vary with deglacial warming and atmospheric CO2 measured from Antarctic ice cores. This co-variation has thus far been attributed to speleothem δ13C recording changes in vegetation productivity and microbial activity in the soils overlaying caves as vegetation and microbes respond to glacial-interglacial changes in temperature and atmospheric CO2 (Kimbrough et al., 2023; Krause & Kimbrough et al., in press). However, the relationship between speleothem δ13C and regional environmental change is complex and deconvolving the effect of different environmental drivers is difficult. To further investigate the ecosystem response in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool to substantial warming and CO2 rise during the penultimate deglaciation/marine isotope stage 5e (~127 kyrs ago) we use complimentary geochemical proxies extracted from stalagmite CaCO3. These proxies include phosphorus and sulphur which respond to nutrient uptake by forest biomass above the cave (Treble et al., 2016). The relative abundance of metals such as copper, iron, zinc, and lead are assessed as another means to track biomass/soil regeneration via selective element delivery to the stalagmites by organic colloids flushed from the soil zone (Borsato et al., 2007). These vegetation proxies are compared with the speleothem δ13C and δ18O records and corresponding high-resolution fluorescence mapping of organics via confocal laser scanning (fluorescence) microscopy (Sliwinski & Stoll, 2021). The comparison of transition metals to stable isotopes (δ18O, δ13C) in the Sulawesi speleothem records makes it possible to distinguish between periods in the record where vegetation productivity increased in response to a rise in temperature and CO2 verses periods where changing hydroclimate played a more dominant role. Characterising the appropriate drivers and proxy response is critical to accurately interpret tropical paleoclimate records where interpretations rely on assumptions that rainfall is the primary driver of vegetation change. © Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
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Fire-induced shifts in stalagmite organic matter mapped using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy
(Elsevier, 2024-09) McDonough, LK; Campbell, M; Treble, PC; Marjo, CE; Frisia, S; Vongsvivut, JP; Klein, AR; Kovacs-Kis, V; Baker, AA
Understanding organic matter (OM) in cave mineral deposits (speleothems) is essential for interpreting land use and climatic changes, and the incorporation of trace elements associated with organic compounds. However, the sources and composition of OM in speleothems are poorly understood due to challenges associated with measuring OM at low concentrations and the destructive nature of most speleothem OM analysis techniques. Synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy is a promising non-destructive technique that can be used to investigate stalagmite OM composition. We use FTIR to analyse vegetation, soil, calcium carbonate and ash end-members and demonstrate the use of Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (IRM) mapping to detect temporal changes in the OM composition of a stalagmite from a shallow cave in south-west Western Australia. Our analysis reveals predominant FTIR peaks in the stalagmite linked to amides and CH2 groups, suggesting potential microbial contributions, with smaller proportions of aromatic, CH3 and Cdouble bondO groups. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that this OM is likely hosted in sets of nanopores spaced hundreds of nanometers apart, aligned along calcite crystallographic orientations. Furthermore, we assess the impact of known wildfire events as discrete short term environmental changes on the stalagmite’s OM composition. The temporal variability in OM functional group composition after fires implies complex fire-soil-vegetation-microbial interactions. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of Synchrotron IRM mapping in providing insights into the short and long-term environmental influences on stalagmite OM composition. Expanding this research to other regions and climates could further enhance the interpretation of OM changes in speleothem-based palaeoclimate reconstructions. © Crown Copyright © 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Using cave formations to investigate ancient wildfires
(American Geophysical Union, 2023-05-02) Campbell, M; McDonough, LK; Treble, PC; Baker, AA
From sediment cores to speleothems, environmental archives are helping us to understand the history of wildfires. © 2023. The authors. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
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Combustion completeness and sample location determine wildfire ash leachate chemistry
(American Geophysical Union, 2024-05-21) Campbell, M; Treble, PC; McDonough, LK; Naeher, S; Baker, AA; Grierson, PF; Wong, HKY; Andersen, MS
Understanding past fire regimes and how they vary with climate, human activity, and vegetation patterns is fundamental to the mitigation and management of changing fire regimes as anthropogenic climate change progresses. Ash‐derived trace elements and pyrogenic biomarkers from speleothems have recently been shown to record past fire activity in speleothems from both Australia and North America. This calls for an empirical study of ash geochemistry to aid the interpretation of speleothem palaeofire proxy records. Here we present analyses of leached ashes collected following fires in southwest and southeast Australia. We include a suite of inorganic elemental data from the water‐soluble fraction of ash as well as a selection of organic analytes (pyrogenic lipid biomarkers). We also present elemental data from leachates of soils collected from sites in southwest Australia. We demonstrate that the water‐soluble fraction of ash differs from the water‐soluble fraction of soils, with trace and minor element concentrations in ash leachates varying with combustion completeness (burn severity) and sample location. Changes in some lipid biomarker concentrations extracted from ashes may reflect burn severity. Our results contribute to building a process‐based understanding of how speleothem geochemistry may record fire frequency and severity, and suggest that more research is needed to understand the transport pathways for the inclusion of pyrogenic biomarkers in speleothems. Our results also demonstrate that potential contaminant loads from ashes are much higher than from soils, with implications for the management of karst catchments, which are a critical water resource. © 2024 The Author(s). Geochemistry,Geophysics, Geosystems published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use,distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited