ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Recent Submissions

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Crystal chemistry and phase manipulation in Synroc
(Trans Tech Publications, 1990-08) Vance, ER; Moricca, SA; Thorogood, GJ; Lumpkin, GR
Synroc is a multi-phase titanate ceramic designed for geological immobilisation of radioactive waste produced reprocessing by nuclear fuel from power reactors [1]. The main crystalline phases are hollandite, perovskite, zirconolite, and reduced titanium oxide. The compositions of these phases and the nuclides they can incorporate in solid solution are shown in Table 1. The main (Synroc-C) formulation is designed for Purex reprocessing waste and the standard composition is (wt%) : AI203(4.3); BaO(4.4); CaO(8.8); ZrO2(5.6); TiO2(57.9); waste oxides (20). The loading of high-level waste (HLW) oxides can be varied if desired, but probably cannot exceed a value of 30-35% [2]. Several variants of this composition have been fomulated at the laboratory scale, with Synroc-D, E and F being directed towards Savanah River (U.S.A.) military waste, encapsulation of high-level nuclear reprocessing waste and unreprocessed spent fuel respectively [3-5]. The present work is also aimed at modifying the Synroc-C composition in the following respects (a) significant reduction of the various fraction of perovskite phase in Synroc-C (b) incorporation of process chemicals and (c) incorporation of Al-rich and actinide-rich wastes.
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Fabrication of high strength oxide ceramic composites
(Trans Tech Publications, 1989-08) Rajendran, S; Rossell, HJ
Yttria partially stabilised zirconia (Y-PSZ), alumina, mullite, Y-PSZ-AIZO3, alumina-zirconia and mullite-zirconia powders were prepared through the hydroxide precipitation technique. The experimental conditions during precipitation were manipulated to produce homogeneous and I reactive powders. The formation of chemically bonded strong agglomerates was suppressed by dispersing the powders in alcohol. The powders could be densified conventionally to near theoretical values without sintering aids. The sintering bodies had very uniform microstructures and good mechanical properties. The fracture strength of Y-PSZ, alumina, mullite and Y-PSZ-N203 after HIPing was over 1550, 625, 350, and 2000 MPa respectively. Zirconia dispersion significantly improved the strength of alumina and mullite.
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Partial elimination of the perovskite phase in Synroc
(Trans Tech Publications, 1989-08) Vance, ER; Moricca, SA
Perovskite is the least durable of the crystalline titanate phases comprising Synroc, a ceramic designed for the immobilisation of high-level waste from nuclear fuel reprocessing. Because 4 perovskite and the other titanate phases (zirconolite, Ba hollandite and reduced titania) are mutually compatible, adjustments to the Synroc mineralogy can be made in principle by adjusting the overall chemical composition. However, the alkoxide route to Synroc is necessary to eliminate perovskite, since perovskite forms metastably and persistently when less reactive precursors to Synroc are employed. The presence of the nuclear waste ions modifies the crystalline phases present and some chemical accounting is necessary to achieve the desired phases constitution. The properties of low-perovskite preparations are compared in detail with those of the current Synroc composition, particularly in regard to leaching and phase constitution.
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Surface chemical characterisation of multicomponent titanate powders
(Trans Tech Publications, 1991-08) Bartlett, JR; Woolfrey, JL
Synroc is a multicomponent, multiphase, titanate ceramic designed to immobilise high level waste (HLW) from nuclear reactors [1]. The Synroc concept involves immobilising the elements present in HLW within an assemblage of thermodynamically stable mineral phases (hollandite, zirconolite and perovskite). These minerals are formed during calcination and hot-pressing of a precursor powder containing TiO1, ZrO2, A1203, BaO, and CaO in relative mass abundances of (7O.4to 76.4),(5.5 to 8.5),(3.5 to 5.5),(4.6to 6.6) and (10.1 to 12.1) percent, respectively. Synroc powders are typically produced by advanced chemical methods involving alkoxide hydrolysis. The detailed chemistry of these methods has been described previously [2,3]. This paper investigates the relationship between surface speciation and powder processing techniques, and examines methods for controlling interfacial chemical processes by selection of processing parameters.
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Drug elution form porous ceramic components for threshold reduction in pacemaker applications
(Trans Tech Publications, 1989-08) Anderson, N; Mathivanar, R; Skalsky, M; Drabarek, E; Buykx, WJ; Reeve, KD
The implantation of heart pacemakers results in an inflammatory response in cardiac tissue which makes the electrode/tissue interface less favourable for energy transfer to the cardiac muscle, and increases the threshold voltage required to pace the heart. Minute porous alumina ceramic components with a tightly controlled bimodal pore size distribution have been developed to deliver a tiny amount of anti-inflammatory steroid right near the electrode/tissue interface. The pore structure, consisting of a 30% volume fraction of 7μm pores and a 30% volume fraction of 50-7Oμm pores is impregnated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate, which elutes slowly into the tissue near the interface. This device has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the threshold voltage in sheep.