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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Daptomycin-loaded nanocarriers facilitate synergistic killing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus via lipid-mediated interactions and targeting
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2026-01-15) Jiang, JH; Lim, CX; Lai, XF; Kostoulias, XP; Morris, FC; Le Brun, AP; Wu, CM; Yepuri, NR; Shen, HH; Peleg, AY
    Preservation and augmentation of existing antimicrobials is crucial in combating antimicrobial resistance. Gram-positive bacteria, exemplified by Staphylococcus aureus, are among the most common human bacterial pathogens, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) now established globally. Daptomycin is a last-line anti-staphylococcal antimicrobial that uniquely targets the bacterial membrane with bactericidal effects. Here, we developed lipid-based nanoparticles, namely cubosomes, to encapsulate daptomycin for targeted delivery via lipid-mediated interactions. Daptomycin-loaded cubosomes synergistically killed 14 clinical MRSA isolates in vitro compared with daptomycin or cubosomes alone. This synergy between daptomycin and cubosome was mediated by cubosomes docking on the S. aureus cell surface, releasing daptomycin for membrane extraction and penetration, followed by lipid cubosome infusion into S. aureus membranes. Using a murine septicemia model, daptomycin-loaded cubosomes significantly reduced the organ bacterial burden of MRSA. Together, these data showed that multifunctional lipid nanocarriers can potentiate the bactericidal activity of daptomycin using a membrane-targeted trojan-horse-like mechanism. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence.
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    Variations in Mid‐ to Late Holocene nitrogen supply to Northern Great Barrier Reef Halimeda macroalgal bioherms
    (American Geophysical Union, 2021-01-18) McNeil, M; Nothdurft, L; Erler, DV; Hua, Q; Webster, JM
    Abstract The northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Halimeda bioherms have accumulated on the outer continental shelf from calcium carbonate algal sediments over the past ∼10,000 years and cover >6,000 km 2 of shelf area. As such, Halimeda bioherms play a key role in the shallow marine carbon cycle over millennial timescales. The main source of nitrogen (N) to these bioherms is thought to be westward transport of upwelled NO 3 ‐ ‐rich water from the Coral Sea. However, the primary N source has not been traced geochemically, and we have no understanding of any temporal variation. Here, we reconstruct patterns of N supply to Halimeda bioherms in the GBR since the mid‐Holocene using the 15 N/ 14 N ratio of skeletal‐bound organic N (δ 15 N‐skeletal organic material [SOM]) in modern and fossil Halimeda sediment cores. Average Halimeda skeletal δ 15 N‐SOM was 6.28 ± 0.26‰, consistent with δ 15 N‐NO 3 ‐ from western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) thermocline waters. Thus, geochemically validating shelf‐break upwelling of an oceanic N source that regulates bioherm spatial distribution. Halimeda δ 15 N‐SOM decreased by 1‰–2‰ from 5,000 to 2,000 cal. yr BP, reaching a minima of 5.5‰ that persisted for almost 1,000 years. The Halimeda δ 15 N‐SOM variation reflects mid‐ to late Holocene changes in regional climate and intensified El Niño activity that likely facilitated elevated N 2 fixation in the WTSP, thereby lowering thermocline δ 15 N‐NO 3 ‐ . Thus, Halimeda skeletal material provides a valuable high‐resolution geochemical archive of past oceanographic and climatic processes over centennial to millennial timescales, complementing existing paleoclimate proxy records. Key Points Well‐preserved fossil Halimeda is a valuable geochemical proxy archive of millennial‐scale oceanographic and climatic processes. Nitrogen (N) supply to Halimeda bioherms originates from western tropical South Pacific thermocline waters since at least the past 5,000 years. Halimeda 15 N signature records a 1‰–2‰ change in δ 15 N‐skeletal organic material (SOM) concurrent with regional climate variation and the El Niño Southern Oscillation. © 2021. American Geophysical Union.
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    Quantifying the effects of pre-roasting on structural and functional properties of yellow pea proteins
    (Elsevier, 2023-10) Lao, YY; Ye, QY; Wang, Y; Vongsvivut, JP; Selomulya, C
    Roasting could modify the protein structure/conformation, contributing to changes in functional properties. Here we investigated the effects of pre-roasting on the extraction efficiency, structural and functional properties of pea protein concentrates and isolates (PPC and PPI) produced from yellow split peas. The shorter roasting times (150 °C, 10 and 20 min) had little effect on protein yields and could increase the solubility of PPC or PPI by ∼ 12% at pH 7 and enhance the solubility of PPI by ∼ 12% (10-min roasting) and ∼ 24% (20-min roasting) at pH 3. However, a longer duration of pre-roasting (150 °C, 30 min) significantly reduced the extraction efficiency of PPC and PPI by ∼ 30% and ∼ 61%, respectively. Meanwhile, pre-roasting had minor effects on SDS-PAGE profiles and the secondary structures of pea proteins but significantly altered tertiary structures by reducing free sulfhydryl groups, increasing disulfide bonds and surface hydrophobicity. As for the emulsifying properties, pre-roasting improved the emulsion ability index (EAI) of PPC and PPI but decreased the emulsion stability index (ESI) of PPC and had no significant effect on PPI. Moreover, PPC and PPI with shorter pre-roasting duration (10 and 20 min) had endothermic peaks and showed a slight decrease in the denaturation temperature (Td) and the onset temperature (To), respectively. Overall, the study demonstrated that controlled pre-roasting at 150 °C for 10 min and 20 min altered protein structures (mainly tertiary structures), improving the solubility and EAI of pea proteins at pH 7, while retaining their thermal properties in comparison to unroasted samples. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Extreme compressibility in LnFe(CN)6 coordination framework materials via molecular gears and torsion springs
    (Springer Nature, 2016-01-11) Duyker, SG; Peterson, VK; Kearley, GJ; Studer, AJ; Kepert, CJ
    The mechanical flexibility of coordination frameworks can lead to a range of highly anomalous structural behaviours. Here, we demonstrate the extreme compressibility of the LnFe(CN) 6 frameworks (Ln = Ho, Lu or Y), which reversibly compress by 20% in volume under the relatively low pressure of 1GPa, one of the largest known pressure responses for any crystalline material. We delineate in detail the mechanism for this high compressibility, where the LnN 6 units act like torsion springs synchronized by rigid Fe(CN) 6 units performing the role of gears. The materials also show significant negative linear compressibility via a cam-like effect. The torsional mechanism is fundamentally distinct from the deformation mechanisms prevalent in other flexible solids and relies on competition between locally unstable metal coordination geometries and the constraints of the framework connectivity, a discovery that has implications for the strategic design of new materials with exceptional mechanical properties. © 2025 Springer Nature Limited.
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    Bioinnovation and drug discovery at ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron
    (CSIRO Publishing, 2025-05-26) Sethi, A; Williamson, RM; Finch, EG; Häusermann, D; Brand, HEA; Martin, DE
    ANSTO’s Australian Synchrotron (AS) is a premier national research facility providing Australia, New Zealand and the broader region with access to world-class instrumentation and advanced analytical techniques. Synchrotrons worldwide have established themselves as invaluable tools for drug discovery and biological innovation, and the AS is no different. The Australian Synchrotron’s capabilities provide significant data regarding the molecular and structural dynamics of complex biological systems. These enable insights from mapping drug-target interactions at the atomic level to visualising physiological responses within tissues and organisms. The following article outlines these capabilities and their application to drug discovery in more detail. © 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the ASM. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY).