ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Magnetic ordering in the rhombohedral α-DyGa3
(Elsevier, 2022-05-15) Cong, MR; Wang, CW; Ren, WJ; Avdeev, M; Ling, CD; Gao, F; Li, B; Zhang, ZD
We have succeeded in growing α-DyGa3 single crystals by the self-flux method and determined its magnetic structure by neutron powder diffraction. α-DyGa3 crystallizes in the rhombohedral SrSn3-type structure (R3̅m, #166, hR48), and the magnetic sublattice is comprised of staggering layers of triangular lattice of Dy. Magnetic ordering occurs below TN ~ 7.2 K with the magnetic propagation vector k = (1/2, 0, 1/2), results in an alternating stripe antiferromagnetic structure in the ab-plane described by the magnetic space group CC2/c (BNS #15.90, origin at (0, 0, 0)). At 3.5 K, the magnetic moment is 5.72(12) μB per Dy3+. The Dy3+ spins are lying in basal plane and perpendicular to the b-axis. © 2024 Elsevier B.V
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Genetic biofortification of wheat with zinc: opportunities to fine‐tune zinc uptake, transport and grain loading
(Wiley, 2021-12-30) Kamaral, C; Neate, SM; Gunasinghe, N; Milham, PJ; Paterson, DJ; Kopittke, PM; Seneweera, S
Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient in the human body, and health complications associated with insufficient dietary intake of Zn can be overcome by increasing the bioavailable concentrations in edible parts of crops (biofortification). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is the most consumed cereal crop in the world; therefore, it is an excellent target for Zn biofortification programs. Knowledge of the physiological and molecular processes that regulate Zn concentration in the wheat grain is restricted, inhibiting the success of genetic Zn biofortification programs. This review helps break this nexus by advancing understanding of those processes, including speciation regulated uptake, root to shoot transport, remobilisation, grain loading and distribution of Zn in wheat grain. Furthermore, new insights to genetic Zn biofortification of wheat are discussed, and where data are limited, we draw upon information for other cereals and Fe distribution. We identify the loading and distribution of Zn in grain as major bottlenecks for biofortification, recognising anatomical barriers in the vascular region at the base of the grain, and physiological and molecular restrictions localised in the crease region as major limitations. Movement of Zn from the endosperm cavity into the modified aleurone, aleurone and then to the endosperm is mainly regulated by ZIP and YSL transporters. Zn complexation with phytic acid in the aleurone limits Zn mobility into the endosperm. These insights, together with synchrotron‐X‐ray‐fluorescence microscopy, support the hypothesis that a focus on the mechanisms of Zn loading into the grain will provide new opportunities for Zn biofortification of wheat. © 2021 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.
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Ultra-high thermoelectric performance in graphene incorporated Cu2Se: role of mismatching phonon modes
(Elsevier, 2018-11) Li, M; Cortie, DL; Liu, J; Yu, DH; Islam, SMKN; Zhao, L; Mitchell, DRG; Mole, RA; Cortie, MB; Dou, SX; Wang, XL
A thermoelectric material consisting of Cu2Se incorporated with up to 0.45 wt% of graphene nanoplates is reported. The carbon-reinforced Cu2Se exhibits an ultra-high thermoelectric figure-of-merit of zT = 2.44 ± 0.25 at 870 K. Microstructural characterization reveals dense, nanostructured grains of Cu2Se with multilayer-graphene and graphite agglomerations located at grain boundaries. High temperature X-ray diffraction shows that the graphene incorporated Cu2Se matrix retains a cubic structure and the composite microstructure is chemically stable. Based on the experimental structure, density functional theory was used to calculate the formation energy of carbon point defects and the associated phonon density of states. The isolated carbon inclusion is shown to have a high formation energy in Cu2Se whereas graphene and graphite phases are enthalpically stable relative to the solid solution. Neutron spectroscopy proves that there is a frequency mismatch in the phonon density of states between the carbon honeycomb phases and cubic Cu2Se. This provides a mechanism for the strong scattering of phonons at the composite interfaces, which significantly impedes the conduction of heat and enhances thermoelectric performance. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. A
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Disorder-induced spin-liquid-like behavior in kagome-lattice compounds
(American Physical Society (APS), 2020-12-15) Ma, Z; Dong, ZY; Wu, S; Zhu, Y; Bao, S; Cai, Z; Wang, W; Shangguan, Y; Wang, J; Ran, K; Yu, DH; Deng, GC; Mole, RA; Li, HF; Yu, SL; Li, JX; Wen, JS
Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are an exotic state of matter that is subject to extensive research. However, the relationship between the ubiquitous disorder and the QSL behaviors is still unclear. Here, by performing comparative experimental studies on two kagomé-lattice QSL candidates, Tm3Sb3Zn2O14 and Tm3Sb3Mg2O14, which are isostructural to each other but with strong and weak structural disorder, respectively, we show unambiguously that the disorder can induce spin-liquid-like features. In particular, both compounds show dominant antiferromagnetic interactions with a Curie-Weiss temperature of -17.4 and -28.7 K for Tm3Sb3Zn2O14 and Tm3Sb3Mg2O14, respectively, but remain disordered down to about 0.05 K. Specific-heat results suggest the presence of gapless magnetic excitations characterized by a residual linear term. Magnetic excitation spectra obtained by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) at low temperatures display broad continua. All these observations are consistent with those of a QSL. However, we find in Tm3Sb3Zn2O14, which has strong disorder resulting from the random mixing of the magnetic Tm3+ and nonmagnetic Zn2+, that the low-energy magnetic excitations observed in the specific-heat and INS measurements are substantially enhanced compared to those of Tm3Sb3Mg2O14, which has much less disorder. We believe that the effective spins of the Tm3+ ions in the Zn2+/Mg2+ sites give rise to the low-energy magnetic excitations, and the amount of the occupancy determines the excitation strength. These results provide direct evidence of the mimicry of a QSL caused by disorder. ©2020 American Physical Society.
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Experimental investigation of the characteristics of radioactive beams for heavy ion therapy
(Wiley, 2020-07) Chacon, A; James, B; Tran, LT; Guatelli, S; Chartier, L; Prokopvich, DA; Franklin, DR; Mohammadi, A; Nishikido, F; Iwao, Y; Akamatsu, G; Takyu, S; Tashima, H; Yamaya, T; Parodi, K; Rosenfeld, AB; Safavi‐Naeini, M
Purpose This work has two related objectives. The first is to estimate the relative biological effectiveness of two radioactive heavy ion beams based on experimental measurements, and compare these to the relative biological effectiveness of corresponding stable isotopes to determine whether they are therapeutically equivalent. The second aim is to quantitatively compare the quality of images acquired postirradiation using an in‐beam whole‐body positron emission tomography scanner for range verification quality assurance. Methods The energy deposited by monoenergetic beams of C at 350 MeV/u, O at 250 MeV/u, C at 350 MeV/u, and O at 430 MeV/u was measured using a cruciform transmission ionization chamber in a water phantom at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan. Dose‐mean lineal energy was measured at various depths along the path of each beam in a water phantom using a silicon‐on‐insulator mushroom microdosimeter. Using the modified microdosimetric kinetic model, the relative biological effectiveness at 10% survival fraction of the radioactive ion beams was evaluated and compared to that of the corresponding stable ions along the path of the beam. Finally, the postirradiation distributions of positron annihilations resulting from the decay of positron‐emitting nuclei were measured for each beam in a gelatin phantom using the in‐beam whole‐body positron emission tomography scanner at HIMAC. The depth of maximum positron‐annihilation density was compared with the depth of maximum dose deposition and the signal‐to‐background ratios were calculated and compared for images acquired over 5 and 20 min postirradiation of the phantom. Results In the entrance region, the was 1.2 ± 0.1 for both C and C beams, while for O and O it was 1.4 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.1, respectively. At the Bragg peak, the was 2.7 ± 0.4 for C and 2.9 ± 0.4 for C, while for O and O it was 2.7 ± 0.4 and 2.8 ± 0.4, respectively. In the tail region, could only be evaluated for carbon; the was 1.6 ± 0.2 and 1.5 ± 0.1 for C and C, respectively. Positron emission tomography images obtained from gelatin targets irradiated by radioactive ion beams exhibit markedly improved signal‐to‐background ratios compared to those obtained from targets irradiated by nonradioactive ion beams, with 5‐fold and 11‐fold increases in the ratios calculated for the O and C images compared with the values obtained for O and C, respectively. The difference between the depth of maximum dose and the depth of maximum positron annihilation density is 2.4 ± 0.8 mm for C, compared to −5.6 ± 0.8 mm for C and 0.9 ± 0.8 mm for O vs −6.6 ± 0.8 mm for O. Conclusions The values for C and O were found to be within the 95% confidence interval of the RBEs estimated for their corresponding stable isotopes across each of the regions in which it was evaluated. Furthermore, for a given dose, C and O beams produce much better quality images for range verification compared with C and O, in particular with regard to estimating the location of the Bragg peak. © 2024 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.