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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Fracture toughness of ultra-thin atomic layer deposited alumina films
    (Materials Australia, 2007-07-04) Latella, BA; Triani, G; Evans, PJ
    This study investigates the cracking and interfacial adhesion of atomic layer deposited alumina films on as-received and plasma treated polycarbonate substrates when subjected to controlled externally applied stresses. Optical microscopy was used to observe and follow crack evolution and delamination of the alumina film from the substrate during tensile loading with a small mechanical testing device. The strength and toughness of the alumina film (thickness = 140 nm) was determined to be 140 MPa and 0.23 MPa.m1/2, respectively. It is shown that the adhesion of the alumina films was dramatically improved for the plasma pre-treated substrates.
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    Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy in titanate ceramics
    (Materials Australia, 2007-07-04) Vance, ER; Hadley, JH
    Positron annihilation lifetimes increase from 0.17 ns to 0.25 ns when 0.05 formula units of alkaline earth vacancies exist in BTi03 perovskites [1 ,2], where B = Ca or Sr, and that are doped with trivalent rare earths R substituting for B ions, according to the agreed model of B(la 3x/2)Rx0 x/2Ti03 (0 = vacancy). However this state of affairs is not reproduced when B = Ba, so 5, Ba vacancies do not appear to be the main means of charge compensation for substitutional R ions in this case. However in this latter situation there is a small increase of a PALS spectral component having a lifetime of 0.3 ns, characteristic of a small number of Ba vacancies, upon s doping with Gd ions. The effects of other doping schemes employing rare earth doping of Ba titanate wil be discussed.
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    Mechanical properties of metakolin-based geopolymers
    (Materials Australia, 2007-07-04) Perera, DS; Latella, BA; Durce, D; Mehrtens, EG; Sasaki, Y
    Geopolymers are similar in behaviour to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) but their chemistry is different. Only a limited amount of work has been reported on detailed mechanical properties of both materials free of aggregates. In this work mechanical properties were determined of four different types of geopolymers, but of the same composition (Na/Al=1, Si/Al=2 molar ratio), made using a combination of precursors. The four types were a) sodium aluminate (NaA102 /NaOH solution), Ludox (colloidal Si02 solution) and metakaolin (MK), (SAGP), b) NaOH, fumed silica and MK (FSGP), c) Ludox, NaOH and MK (LGP) and d) commercial sodium silicate and MK (SGP). The highest crushing strength (CCS) value obtained was for SGP (70 MPa) and the lowest value was for SAGP (16 MPa). The highest modulus of rupture (MOR) value obtained was for LGP (9 MPa) and the lowest value was for SAGP (3 MPa). The fracture toughness (Klc) and Young modulus (E) showed the same trend. The effect of adding sand (40 wt%) on their mechanical properties was also determined. The KIC values increased up to 65% and E values increased up to 80% compared to samples free of sand. However, CCS and MOR values did not change much and gave mixed results. The mechanical properties of geopolymers will be compared with those of OPC.
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    When neutrons and synchrotron X-Rays dance : magnetostructural correlations in rare earth perovskite cobaltates
    (Materials Australia, 2007-07-04) James, M; Morales, L; Wallwork, KS; Avdeev, M; Goossens, DJ; Withers, R
    Substantial interest has recently been generated by rare earth cobaltate compounds as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells due to their substantial ionic and electrical conductivities as well as their stability at elevated temperatures. We have synthesised a wide range of single phase re perovskite-based rare earth cobaltates (Ln1-xSrxC003-d) (Ln = La3+ - Yb3+). A combination of electron and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction of these phases reveals a complex family of tetragonal and orthorhombic superstructures. The nature of structural and magnetic ordering relies on both the cation and oxygen vacancy distribution, which has only been as able to be successfully probed using powder neutron diffraction. Phase boundaries exists between compounds containing large, medium and small rare earths (between Nd3+ and Sm3+, and also between Gd3+ and Dy3+) and also at different Sr-doping levels. These phases show mixed valence (3+/4+) cobalt oxidation states that increases with Sr content. A range of magnetic and or electrical behaviours have been observed including ordered antiferromagnetism at elevated of temperatures (>300 K) and metallic conductivity.
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    Synthesis and characterisation of silica gels as hosts for biocatalysts
    (Materials Australia, 2007-07-04) Gao, Y; Bartlett, JR; Pike, KJ; Hanna, JV; Davis, J; Drabarek, E; Trianai, G
    Silica gel is an ideal inorganic host material for the encapsulation of biomolecules such as proteins, enzymes and antibodies for applications in catalysis and biosensors. However, the sol gel synthesis of silica gels, with pore diameters below 500, typically takes place under acid or base conditions, which can lead to denaturation of the confined biomolecules. In this study, silica gels were prepared under neutral pH conditions by using NaF as catalyst due to its compatibility to biomolecules. Various ratios of tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) were used to render the surface of the silica gel hydrophobic. Solgel processing parameters (alkoxide chemistry, catalyst type, water to alkoxide ratio, etc) were varied to investigate the structure, morphology of the gels. FTIR, 29Si solid-state NMR techniques were used to elucidate the structure of the silica network, which showed the silica condensation reaction was responsible for gel formation. Silica matrices are various due to the different parameters via SAXS study. The morphology of the gels by FE-SEM shows a dependence on solgel process parameters. BET adsorption reveals the nature of the mesoporous silica network can be modified by the type and amount of silica precursor, the amount of catalyst and the ratio of Si/H20.