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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Predictive soft computing methods for building digital rock models verified by positron emission tomography experiments
    (American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2022-11) Ebadi, M; Armstrong, RT; Mostaghimi, P; Da Wang, Y; Alqahtani, N; Amirian, T; James, LA; Parmar, A; Zahra, D; Hamze, H; Koroteev, D
    The influence of core‐scale heterogeneity on continuum‐scale flow and laboratory measurements are not well understood. To address this issue, we propose a fully automated workflow based on soft computing to characterize the heterogeneous flow properties of cores for predictive continuum‐scale models. While the proposed AI‐based workflow inherently has no trained knowledge of rock petrophysical properties, our results demonstrate that image features and morphological properties provide sufficient measures for petrophysical classification. Micro X‐ray computed tomography (μxCT) image features were extracted from full core plug images by using a Convolutional Neural Network and Minkowski functional measurements. The features were then classified into specific classes using Principal Component Analysis followed by K‐means clustering. Next, the petrophysical properties of each class were evaluated using pore‐scale simulations to substantiate that unique classes were identified. The μxCT image was then up‐scaled to a continuum‐scale grid based on the defined classes. Last, simulation results were evaluated against real‐time flooding data monitored by Positron Emission Tomography. Both homogeneous sandstone and heterogeneous carbonate were tested. Simulation and experimental saturation profiles compared well, demonstrating that the workflow provided high‐fidelity characterization. Overall, we provided a novel workflow to build digital rock models in a fully automated way to better understand the impacts of heterogeneity on flow. © 2025 American Geophysical Union.
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    Increased brain metabolism after acute administration of the synthetic cannabinoid HU210: a small animal PET imaging study with 18F-FDG
    (Elsevier, 2012-02-10) Nguyen, VH; Verdurand, M; Dedeurwaerdere, S; Wang, HQ; Zahra, D; Gregoire, MC; Zavitsanou, K
    Cannabis use has been shown to alter brain metabolism in both rat models and humans although the observations between both species are conflicting. In the present study, we examined the short term effects of a single-dose injection of the synthetic cannabinoid agonist HU210 on glucose metabolism in the rat brain using small animal 18F-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 15min (Day 1) and 24h (Day 2) post-injection of the agonist in the same animal. Young adult male Wistar rats received an intra-peritoneal injection of HU210 (100μg/kg, n=7) or vehicle (n=5) on Day 1. Approximately 1mCi of 18F-FDG was injected intravenously into each animal at 15min (Day 1) and 24h (Day 2) post-injection of HU210. A 5-min Computer Tomography (CT) scan followed by a 20-min PET scan was performed 40min after each 18F-FDG injection. Standardised Uptake Values (SUVs) were calculated for 10 brain regions of interest (ROIs). Global increased SUVs in the whole brain, hence global brain metabolism, were observed following HU210 treatment on Day 1 compared to the controls (21%, P<0.0001), but not in individual brain regions. On Day 2, however, no statistically significant differences were observed between the treated and control groups. At the 24h time point (Day 2), SUVs in the HU210 treated group returned to control levels (21-30% decrease compared to Day 1), in all ROIs investigated (P<0.0001). In the control group, SUVs did not differ between the two acquisition days in all brain regions. The present results suggest that high-dose HU210 increases brain glucose metabolism in the rat brain shortly after administration, in line with normalised human in vivo studies, an effect that was no longer apparent 24h later. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
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    Fast neutron surface strain scanning with high spatial resolution
    (Elsevier, 2019-08) Rebelo Kornmeier, J; Hofmann, M; Luzin, V; Gibmeier, J; Saroun, J
    A method for near-surface strain scanning measurements using neutron diffraction with large gauge volumes is described. The approach corrects for pseudo (spurious) strains related to partially illuminated gauge volumes and enables deconvolution of the large gauge volume measurements into the assumed real profile. It was validated against X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments with very high spatial resolution. The analysis of the results shows that neutron diffraction based strain measurements with standard (or large) sized gauge volumes are possible to reproduce the real strain profile free of artificial effects related to partial illumination. Compared to measurements with smaller gauge volumes gains in counting time of up to a factor of fifteen can be achieved without appreciable loss in spatial resolution. © 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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    Antarctic permafrost processes and antiphase dynamics of cold-based glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys inferred from 10Be and 26Al cosmogenic nuclides
    (Copernicus Publications, 2023-11-24) Anderson, JTH; Fujioka, T; Fink, D; Hidy, AJ; Wilson, GS; Wilcken, K; Abramov, A; Demidov, N
    Soil and sediment mixing and associated permafrost processes are not widely studied or understood in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. In this study, we investigate the stability and depositional history of near-surface permafrost sediments to ∼ 3 m depth in the Pearse and lower Wright valleys using measured cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al depth profiles. In Pearse Valley, we estimate a minimum depositional age of ∼ 74 ka for the active layer and paleoactive-layer sediments (< 0.65 m). Combined depth profile modelling of 10Be and 26Al gives a depositional age for near-surface (< 1.65 m) permafrost in Pearse Valley of 180 +20/-40 ka, implying that the deposition of permafrost sediments predates MIS 5 advances of Taylor Glacier. Deeper permafrost sediments (> 2.09 m) in Pearse Valley are thus inferred to have a depositional age of > 180 ka. At a coastal, lower-elevation site in neighbouring lower Wright Valley, 10Be and 26Al depth profiles from a second permafrost core exhibit near-constant concentrations with depth and indicate the sediments are either vertically mixed after deposition or sufficiently young so that post-depositional nuclide production is negligible relative to inheritance. 26Al/10Be concentration ratios for both depth profiles range between 4.0 and 5.2 and are all lower than the nominal surface production rate ratio of 6.75, indicating that prior to deposition, these sediments experienced complex, yet similar, exposure–burial histories. Assuming a single-cycle exposure–burial scenario, the observed 26Al/10Be ratios are equivalent to a total minimum exposure–burial history of ∼ 1.2 Myr. In proximity to the depth profile core site, we measured cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in three granite cobbles from thin, patchy drift (Taylor 2 Drift) in Pearse Valley to constrain the timing of retreat of Taylor Glacier. Assuming simple continuous exposure, our minimum, zero-erosion exposure ages suggest Taylor Glacier partially retreated from Pearse Valley no later than 65–74 ka. The timing of retreat after 65 ka and until the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) when Taylor Glacier was at a minimum position remains unresolved. The surface cobble ages and permafrost processes reveal Taylor Glacier advances during MIS 5 were non-erosive or mildly erosive, preserving the underlying permafrost sediments and peppering boulders and cobbles upon an older, relict surface. Our results are consistent with U/Th ages from central Taylor Valley and suggest changes in moisture delivery over Taylor Dome during MIS 5e, 5c, and 5a appear to be associated with the extent of the Ross Ice Shelf and sea ice in the Ross Sea. These data provide further evidence of antiphase behaviour through retreat of a peripheral lobe of Taylor Glacier in Pearse Valley, a region that was glaciated during MIS 5. We suggest a causal relationship of cold-based glacier advance and retreat that is controlled by an increase in moisture availability during retreat of sea ice and perhaps the Ross Ice Shelf, as well as, conversely, a decrease during times of sea ice and Ross Ice Shelf expansion in the Ross Sea. © Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
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    Effect of electroshocking treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited near-β Ti-55531 thin-wall
    (Elsevier, 2023-03-05) Wen, Y; Liu, P; Guo, HJ; Tian, LL; Wang, LQ; Wang, ZY; Hua, L; Xie, LH
    The near-β Ti-55531 (Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr, wt%) alloy with thin-wall structures were manufactured by laser melting deposition (LMD), and followed by the post-processing of electroshocking treatment (EST). The microstructure evolution before and after EST were characterized via using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the microstructure of as-deposited specimen was mainly composed of short columnar grains and equiaxed grains, showing a unique structure of alternating short columnar grains-equiaxed grains-short columnar grains. The results of EBSD showed that EST could reduce the orientation concentration and weaken the texture of β phase. XRD results indicated that the α phase content slightly increased after EST. The micro-strain and lattice constant of β phase were changed after EST, which were probably ascribed to the precipitation of α, the generation of crystal defects on α/β interface, and the decrease of texture intensity. The results of mechanical properties indicated that EST could increase the microhardness, the yield strength and the tensile strength, which were due to the variation of microstructure. All results show that EST is an effective approach for optimizing the microstructure and improving the mechanical properties of LMD near-β titanium alloy. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.