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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    The phonon bandgap in thermoelectric SnSe: the role of dispersion interaction
    (Australian Institute of Physics, 2024-02-06) Portwin, KA; Stamper, CJ; Cheng, ZX; Galaviz, P; Yu, DH; Kutteh, R; Cortie, DL; Rule, KC
    In recent years, significant progress has been made in assessing the fundamental link between the phonon band structure and lattice thermal conductivity, illuminating a path towards materials with enhanced thermal properties. In this context, SnSe has emerged as an outstanding candidate for lead-free thermoelectric (TE) devices. Due to its ultra-low thermal conductivity, SnSe has demonstrated record-high TE performance, achieving a TE figure of merit, zT, of ~ 2.6. This performance is generally accredited to strong anisotropy, ultralow thermal conductivity, and large phonon anharmonicity. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the low thermal conductivity, including the unstable electronic structure or softening of low-energy optical phonon modes at the Brillouin zone centre. However, these remain debated. To understand thermal conductivity, it is key to first characterize the underlying lattice dynamics, and the corresponding allowed phonon bands. One of the distinctive features apparent in SnSe is the phonon band gap, i.e., a clear energy separation between the acoustic and optical bands. In other materials (e.g., boron arsenide), a large phonon bandgap is crucial in suppressing phonon scattering. Nevertheless, the precise size and nature of the phonon bandgap in SnSe and the mechanistic understanding of these modes have yet to be established. In this presentation, I will show results of inelastic neutron scattering and density functional theory experiments that clarify the size and origin of the phonon bandgap in SnSe and show that the size of this gap is sensitive to the type of dispersion force considered in the calculation.
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    Terahertz spectroscopy for polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
    (Australian Institute of Physics, 2024-02-06) Sanders, TJ; Allen, JL; Horvat, J; Lewis, RA
    Plastics present a major challenge of the 21st century as they are prolific but produced from a non-renewable source (crude oil) and can cause many environmental problems. While reducing the global reliance on plastics is part of the solution, plastics are still necessary in some fields, for example in preserving sterile medical supplies. Thus, improving current recycling methods is still a valuable endeavour. Terahertz spectroscopy is a maturing technique for probing the vibrational modes of materials in a non-ionising, non-destructive manner that may be used to discern different plastic samples. Firstly, characteristic features need to be identified that can be used as markers to distinguish different plastics. This work focuses on identifying these characteristic features in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by studying the terahertz spectrum. Spectra have been collected on the terahertz beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Fourteen samples of PET plastic from everyday household items have been studied, discerned by their plastics identification code, along with a commercially purchased biaxially orientated sample (BO-PET). The BO-PET sample is more crystalline than standard PET and acts as a reference point for the other samples studied. The samples have been investigated in a variety of ways to determine the suitability of terahertz spectroscopy in their spectroscopic identification. Firstly, the most intense terahertz source of radiation has been used. Next, low temperatures and polarisation dependence have been investigated for additional insight into the spectra. The results, summarised in Fig. 1, show that while there is much variety in commercial PET, there are common absorptions. These features can be used to identify PET amongst other plastics.
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    Nuclear power developments in the Asia-Pacific region
    (Australian Nuclear Association, 2001-10-23) Irwin, T
    There are 438 nuclear power reactors operating in the world. Of these, 95 are in the Asia-Pacific region. Of the 36 reactors currently under construction in the world, 19 are in the Asia-Pacific region. Of the 44 planned reactors in the world, 36 are in this region. At the start of the 'New Nuclear Century' the Asia-Pacific region has become the main area for growth and innovation in nuclear power. This paper describes the nuclear power developments in each country and examines the status of the construction programme and the planned projects. Countries included are China, India, Japan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), Republic of Korea, Pakistan and Taiwan. New projects include the HTR in China, Advance Breeder Water Reactors in Japan, KEDO in the DPRK and the Advance Pressurised Water Reactor in the Republic of Korea.
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    Future direction for ANSTO
    (Australian Nuclear Association, 2005-11-10) Smith, IO
    Not available.
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    People, mussels, and country: investigating human-mussel-environment relationships during the Late Quaternary on Ngintait and Latji Latji Country, south-east Australia
    (Australasian Research Cluster for Archaeological Science, 2024-05-27) Stringer, C; Drysdale, RN; Levchenko, VA; Wong, HKY; Prendergast, A; Garvey, J; May, JH; First People of the Milewa Mallee Aboriginal Corporation
    Freshwater mussel shells are commonly recorded in Aboriginal archaeological sites in the Central Murray River Basin (CMRB), on Ngintait, Latji Latji, and First People of the Millewa Mallee Country. Middens containing freshwater mussel shell are found in great number along the banks of the Millewa (Murray River) and these shells have been used to determine that CMRB has been inhabited for at least 29,000 years. Yet, so far, it has been difficult to ascertain the cultural and economic significance of this resource to the region’s inhabitants. This research aims to gain a more holistic understanding of human-mussel-environment relationships in the CMRB through the incorporation of evidence from a variety of knowledge systems and different techniques applied to two shell middens in the region: Knowledge (TEK) gained through collaboration and interviews with the Ngintait, Latji Latji, and First People of the Millewa Mallee community is combined with several Western scientific techniques. The application of sclerochronology unlocks the high-resolution climate record stored within the freshwater mussel shell itself, allowing for the seasonal climate at the time that the mussels were collected to be determined. These estimations of time-of-year of collection can provide insight into resource habits and movement of Ngintait and Latji Latji peoples across Country. Nutritional analysis of modern specimens collected throughout the year can also help us to understand whether season of collection may be linked to changes in the nutritional value of the mussels themselves. Radiocarbon dating allows for the narratives unearthed to be placed in a larger chronological context. A more holistic understanding of human-mussel-environment relationships will allow us to best interpret the cultural and economic importance of freshwater mussels in the CMRB and understand how this relationship may have changed through time. © The Authors