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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Recent Submissions

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    Geopolymers for radioactive waste immobilisation made from New Zealand fly ash
    (Australian Nuclear Association, 2003-11-05) Perrera, DS; Blackford, MG; Dickson, CL; Vance, ER; Aly, A; Trautman, RL
    Geopolymers are made by adding aluminosilicates to concentrated alkali solutions for dissolution and subsequent polymerisation to form a solid to take place. They are amorphous to semi-crystalline three dimensional aluminosilicate networks. Their physical handling is similar to that of Portland cement, hence they have been considered for low and intermediate level (ILW) immobilisation (among other applications) by various workers. For ILW immobilisation, we investigated a geopolymer made from fly ash dissolved in sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. We added Cs and Sr to simulate the corresponding radionuclides that are amongst the worst difficult to immobilise. The effects of modest heating ( approx. 500 deg C) on the incorporation of the Cs and Sr were also examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the geopolymers to be mainly amorphous but with a small amount of crystalline phases such as calcite and quartz. The mullite which was in the original fly ash was also present but to a smaller extent. The crystalline phases were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic analysis of selected regions of the amorphous and crystalline phases is discussed with reference to the fly ash and the distribution of Cs and Sr in the microstructure. The leaching behaviour was considerably superior to that of Portland cement.
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    Current ANSTO research on wasteform development
    (Australian Nuclear Association, 2003-11-05) Vance, ER; Begg, BD; Stewart, MWA; Moricca, SA; Smith, KL; Wallas, PA; Perera, DS; Day, RA; Carter, ML; McGlinn, PJ; Zhang, YJ; Thomas, BS
    In 1978, Ringwood suggested ceramic assemblages of titanate minerals could be used to incorporate high-level waste from nuclear fuel reprocessing. In these assemblages waste ions are dilutely incorporated into the crystalline mineral-analogue phases. Synroc-C is one of the early titanate assemblages and it has become the archetype from which waste forms for various applications have been derived. Table 1 shows the phase constitution of synroc-C, containing 20 wt% HLW, and the radionuclides which can be incorporated in the various phases. This material was consolidated into a dense ceramic by uniaxial hot pressing at ∼ 1150 deg C. ANSTO has subsequently undertaken both contract and collaborative work on a variety of waste streams that are briefly described as well as extensive range of wasteform characterisation.
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    Determination of NaI(Tl) gamma-ray detector efficiency above and below 250 keV
    (Australian Nuclear Association, 2003-11-05) Craufurd-Hill, J; Blajojevic, N; Rosenfeld, AB
    ANSTO is implementing a standardised real-time stack monitoring system for monitoring airborne emissions, using identical NaI(Tl) detectors, Multi-channel analyzers (MCA) and locally produced software. This work focuses on gamma energies below 250 keV, as the majority of noble gases discharged during 99Mo production, emit in this region. It was necessary to extend the calculations beyond this region, to ensure they could be used to quantify emissions from the National Medical Cyclotron (NMC) and also used for quantifying 41Ar, produced and discharged by operations at the High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR). Determination of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency below 250 keV has always been considered a difficult task, one not made easier by the lack of variety in calibrated low-energy emitting gamma sources or by the lack of specific internal NaI(Tl) detector dimensions required for accurate computer modeling. This project seeks to overcome these obstacles by combining experimental data with computed tomography (CT) imaging, 2D/3D image analysis and reconstruction software,. Monte Carlo code (MCNP-4B) and comparison with high resolution HPGe detectors.
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    Natural uranium-series radionuclide inventories in coastal and oceanic waters of the south-western Pacific - insights into trace metal flux and removal pathway analysis
    (Australian Nuclear Association, 2003-11-05) Szymczak, R; Jeffree, RA; Peck, GA; Moreton, B
    Participate scavenging of trace metals plays a major role in determining their ecosystem flux and incident dissolved concentrations. Differences in the half-lives and biogeochemical behaviour of natural uranium series radioisotope pairs (eg. 238U/234Th, 210Pb/210Po) allow their application as oceanic process tracers. Coincidental measurements of dissolved and particulate trace element concentrations and inventories of radionuclides in the Noumea coral lagoon and adjacent offshore waters were used to quantify water column flux rates and provide insights on removal pathway analysis. Understanding prevailing pathways and respective flux rates of pollutants in specific coastal and oceanic systems will assist to establish the fate and consequence of pollutants and allow sustainable management strategies to be developed. Both natural and pollutant chemical species introduced to the marine environment may either remain benign in solution or undergo physiological uptake by biota, but most often associate with colloids and fine particles, which subsequent undergo aggregation, sedimentation and removal to the sea floor.
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    A 82Br tracer study of coastal groundwater movement at Hat Head, NSW
    (Australian Nuclear Association, 2003-11-05) Hughes, CE; Stone, D
    At Hat Head, NSW, on the eastern Australian coast, a radioisotope tracer study of groundwater flow in response to tidal forcing was conducted adjacent to a tidal creek. Using radiotracer, 82Br, groundwater movement was tracked in-situ over 5 days on two occasions encompassing both neap and spring tide conditions. The tracer was injected into one borehole and gamma counts monitored from an adjacent borehole using NaI(Th) detectors. This technique maps the path of the slow moving tracer without sampling and allows the net groundwater movement to be distinguished from short term tidally driven fluxes. During the neap tide period net groundwater movement of 0.1 m/d was observed with horizontal tidal fluctuations in the order of 0.04 m. This contrasts with the tidally dominated spring tide period where net groundwater movement was negligible but tidally driven fluctuations of up to 0.13 m were observed.