ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

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Vortex and unsteady flow measurements with a hot wire anemometer
(Fourth Australasian Conference on Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Organising Committee, 1971-11-29) Guy, TB
A hot wire anemometer can be used to obtain detailed information on the structure of time dependent unsteady flows typical of those produced by the passage of a shock wave along a discontinuous duct. As a timing device, it can also be used to measure the position of shock waves within the flow. When the duct is cylindrical the hot wire anemometer is perhaps the only instrument that can be used. This paper describes a particular application of a method of investigating the unsteady flow within a cylindrical shock tube with an abrupt expansion section. Construction of velocity isopleth diagrams which yield detailed information on the structure of the unsteady flow is also described.
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Alligator Rivers analogue project final report volume 1 summary of findings
(Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 1992) Duerden, P; Lever, DA; Sverjensky, DA; Townley, LR
This summary report, which highlights the work and findings of the Alligator Rivers Analogue Project (ARAP) is one of a series of 16 volumes, listed below. Detailed descriptions and results are provided in Volumes 2 to 16. Full acknowledgment to individual contributions is provided in the individual reports, and in Appendix I of this report. The findings from the technical studies are discussed in the context of assessments of the long-term performance of geological repositories for radioactive wastes, which are being undertaken in many countries. They are also considered in an integrated 'Scenario Development' approach, aimed to understand the formation of the ore deposit. Despite their inherent uncertainties, the findings provide a basis for assessing the way in which radionuclides will migrate in environments with a variety of geologic settings and over a range of different geologic timescales. Thus, section 2 of this report discusses the concept of using uranium deposits as natural analogues and refers to a number of such studies, including those at the Koongarra deposit in the Alligator Rivers Region of the Northern Territory of Australia. Section 3 reviews early scientific work in the Alligator Rivers Region and summarises the results of the analogue studies undertaken between 1981 and 1987 that were funded by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) and the UK Department of the Environment (UKDoE). Section 4 describes the objectives of ARAP and the manner in which the study was conducted and provides a general outline of the project and a summary of the findings. A general description of the Koongarra ore deposit, the focus of ARAP, is provided in Section 5, with Sections 6-13 providing summaries of the work carried out to characterise the site in detail and provide data for modelling. Sections 14-18 discuss how this data was used in modelling and how the results may be applied for performance assessment studies. Finally, Section 19 considers the implications of the work for performance assessment modelling.
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Radium intestinal transfer studies
(AINSE, 1989-09-22) Domel, RU; Beal, AM
Previous work has shown that 226Ra ^s concentrated within the tissues of fresh water mussels in insoluble granules. It is present as an insoluble phosphate compound together with Ca, Mg, Ba, Fe and Al. Because mussels form part of the traditional diet of Aboriginals, this work has been set up to measure the transfer rate of this radium-226 species as it is found in the mussel tissue, in comparison to radium as a simple chloride, across the gut wall of rats to gain comparative information for human dose rate calculations. FEED TRIALS Standard rat cages were adapted to allow separate faeces and urine collection, as well as a measured food dose. Freshwater mussels are obtained from the Northern Territory (supplied by the OSS). These are fed with algae and a radium-22 6 dose is added daily, after which the mussel tissue is removed from the shell, dried and blended to obtain a powder of even particle size. Pelleted laboratory animal feed (Milling Industries LTD), for which a content analysis from the company has been obtained, was blended and sieved to produce a powder of even particle size. Feed trials using the above two ingredients were commenced in February 1987 and results have been obtained for 1, 14, 28, and 56 days dosage of female juvenile rats (4 weeks old) and female adult rats (12 weeks and over). Radium as the chloride has been incorporated into the standard laboratory rat food and a gut transfer rate obtained for juvenile and adult female rats for a seven day feed period.
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Residual stresses in a welded zircaloy cold neutron source containment vessel
(Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 2012-09-10) Bendeich, PJ; Luzin, V; Law, M
Zirconium alloys are widely used in the nuclear industry because of their relative high strength, neutron transparency, resistance to high neutron-irradiation environment and corrosion resistance. One application for Zirconium alloy Zr-2.5Nb is the vacuum confinement vessel utilised in the cold neutron source of the OPAL research reactor at ANSTO. Having a total length of more the 3 meters, it is made of two sections joined using electron beam welding. The weld and the nearby regions are critical for the performance and integrity of the component and therefore understanding of the residual stresses development within the weld is important in connection to (i) evolution of fine dual phase α/b microstructure and crystallographic texture (ii) and stress-related radiation induced phenomena, such as grain growth, creep and sub-critical crack growth by delayed hydride cracking. The stresses were measured in and around an electron beam weld produced during the development of this component of the OPAL Cold Neutron Source. The effects of a large grain size in the weld were reduced by taking advantage of rotational symmetry and rotating the sample to increase the swept volume. Due to the heat-treatment after welding, the stresses were very low, less than 10% of the yield strength of the material, in both the hoop and axial directions. As a result of phase transformation effects during the welding process the final stresses are compressive in the weld, which reduces the likelihood of fracture or of hydride formation in this region. The highest stresses are in the parent material adjacent to the weld where the toughness is expected to be higher than in the weld material.
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Small and modular nuclear power reactors
(Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 1985-05-16) Ebeling, DR; Rodd, JT
Events in the power reactor construction industry, particularly in the USA, have recently focussed attention on the possibility that the direction of reactor technology towards ever larger units nay not be economically sound. In a recent article <"Quick is Beautiful" - Dyson) a biological parallel is drawn between the large reactors and the larqe dinosaurs in which a slight change in the rules of the game eliminated the slow and ponderous from contention. This was supported in detail by the latest EPRI Journal ("Nuclear Power - The Next Generation" - John Douglas - March 1985) in which a new era in reactor design is predicted. Several general reasons for thinking that the small or modular reactor can successfully compete are: 1. Previous assessments of reactor economics ignored the possibility of series production and the benefits of standardisation and factory testing. 2. Load factor improvements on a slowly expanding smaller grid system were not appreciated. 3. Time and cost overruns to the extent experienced by some USA utilities were inconceivable to the early planners. Known drawbacks to small reactors such as increased staff and equipment replication costs are expected to be reduced by the latest designs and use of higher technology. The few whole system studies that have been done indicate emphatically that these disadvantages are swamped by the above 3 major effects and that not only major opportunities to produce "eversafe" designs are offered, but opportunities to produce designs that are perceived by the public to be "eversafe" appear possible. Australian authorities saw a paradox 20 years ago with nuclear reactors in that the larger grids, capable of accepting a large (and therefore cheap) reactor, were confined to the «astern states. These possessed large and cheap coal deposits so that the nuclear units were, though large, still uncompetitive. In the other states, where the coal was expensive, the grid systems were too small and the size of reactor unit that could be accepted by the authorities was too small to compete. Although this still appears to be the conventional wisdom of the day, the possibility of being able to purchase a cheap small unit "off the line" creates the opportunity for breaking the paradox and introducing economically competitive nuclear units to Australia and other 3rd World regions. Although factory production of medium sized reactors is already a fact in USSR, the western world will not benefit from such innovations until the USA or Europe set up such facilities under a properly competitive situation. Since this is already under intensive discussion and lobbying in the USA, it is recommended that the possibility of such a new era being imminent be closely addressed by power authorities and government departments in respect to future policies.