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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Evaluating the feasibility of region-of-interest X-ray phase contrast imaging for lung cancer diagnostics
    (Springer Nature, 2025-06-06) Costello, L; Donnelley, M; Nesterets, YI; Ahlers, J; Alloo, SJ; Hall, CJ; Häusermann, D; Kitchen, MJ; D’Amico, L; Morgan, KS
    Lung cancer is one of the world’s deadliest cancers, often not diagnosed until it has spread beyond the lung, in part due to limitations in current medical imaging. Insufficient detail in diagnostic images can mean that patients require a biopsy to gain a full understanding of their prognosis. Here, we investigate the use of propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging to capture high-resolution region-of-interest 3D Computed-Tomography (CT) images of suspicious masses, using a human chest phantom. In this study, we imaged a 3.5 cm region within the chest phantom, with each CT slice amounting to approximately 1% of the area of the whole chest at that height. X-ray energies ranging from 50 to 80 keV and propagation distances of 0 to 7 m were tested. We were able to quantify the experimental parameters that would be required to increase soft-tissue sensitivity and spatial resolution relative to conventional X-ray imaging methods, and hence improve the capacity for tumour characterisation. Our results suggest that propagation-based phase-contrast region-of-interest CT imaging could enable better tumour visualisation, which may aid in earlier detection and a better outcome for lung cancer patients. © The Author(s) 2025. 0pen Access CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0
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    Enhanced d–p orbital hybridization accelerates two-step quasi-solid-state sulfur conversion in sodium–sulfur batteries
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026-02-16) Wang, MY; Hu, YB; Li, R; Gao, XR; Fan, YM; Johannessen, B; Lei, YJ; Dou, SX; Wang, N; Luo, LL; Wang, GX; Bai, ZC
    Room-temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage owing to the high capacity of sulfur and the abundance of sodium, yet their application is hindered by sluggish redox kinetics and poor sulfur utilization. Here, we realize a fast and reversible two-step quasi-solid-state redox pathway from sulfur through Na 2 S 4 to Na 2 S without detectable accumulation of Na 2 S 2 through d–p orbital hybridization-induced interfacial electronic structure modulation. Ultrafine Mo 2 C nanoparticles uniformly embedded in cross-linked carbon spheres activate the inert d xy and d x ²– y ² orbitals, allowing strong d–p hybridization with sulfur p states, which effectively promotes the sulfur conversion kinetics. Spectroscopic analysis reveals reversible valence evolution of Mo accompanied by dynamic changes in its local electronic structure, confirming the electronic structure modulation that accelerates charge transfer and stabilizes intermediates. Multi-scale in situ visualization further captures Na-ion transport and structural evolution in real time, directly linking interfacial stability with ultrafast redox kinetics. The resulting S@Mo 2 C/C cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 854 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles at 200 mA g −1 and remarkable durability of 314 mAh g −1 after 10 000 cycles at 20 A g −1 , establishing orbital hybridization-driven catalysis and in situ visualization as new paradigms for next-generation Na–S batteries. © Royal Society of Chemistry 2026.
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    Fast oxide ion conduction in Ba3MoNbO8.5 enhanced by acceptor substitution and dehydration
    (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2025-12-03) Jiang, L; Toyoura, K; Dayaghi, AM; Chen, H; Yuan, B; Yin, W; Avdeev, M; Kan, WH; Norby, T; Han, DL
    Ba3MoNbO8.5 (BMN) exhibits high O2– conductivity by disordered partially occupied O2 + O3 sites. Hydration decreases, and certain dopants increase the conductivity, and we present a novel model for defects and transport over two sites that rationalizes these behaviors. A broad experimental and computational study shows that hydration increases the activation energy of migration by immobile protons and fills the O2 + O3 plane. Acceptor substitution reverses this by emptying the O2 + O3 plane and spreading protons, and 5 at % Y substitution yields a bulk oxide ion conductivity exceeding 10 mS·cm–1 at 650 °C and effectively suppresses the effect of humidity. The effects of hydration and acceptor substitution on the grain boundary (GB) resistance suggest a positively charged GB core by vacancy and proton accumulation with adjacent space charge regions with higher filling and activation energy and that doping and GB engineering may pave the way for operando utilization of Ba3MoNbO8.5-related oxide ion conductors. © 2025 American Chemical Society.
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    In-situ residual stress analysis during thermal cycle of a dissimilar weld joint using neutron diffraction and IEFEM
    (Japan Welding Society, 2017) Koichi, A; Masakazu, S; Kazuki, I; Satoru, N; Takashi, F; Hiroshi, S; Stefanus, H; Takuro, K; Vladimir, L
    Residual stress is one of important issues for optimizing the manufacturing process and ensuring the structural integrity of welded components. Many results on the issue have been reported, however, the residual stress relaxation mechanism of dissimilar weld joint by the thermal cycle is not yet enough clarified. In this study, the residual stress evolution process of a dissimilar weld joint during thermal cycle was investigated using in-situ neutron diffraction technique and the Idealized Explicit Finite Element Method (IEFEM). The base materials of the dissimilar weld specimen were a SUS316L stainless steel and a NCF600 nickel alloy. The obtained results clearly show that the residual stress especially in the NCF600 side decreased in the first thermal cycle due to yielding of the NCF600. This yielding was caused by an estimation that the total stress, which is the sum of the initial welding residual stress and the thermal stress, exceeded the yield strength of NCF600 during the heating process. © 2017 社団法人 溶接学会.
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    A pre-Lapita structure at Apalo, Arawe Islands, Papua New Guinea
    (Taylor & Francis, 2016-01-20) Specht, J; Gosden, C; Lentfer, C; Jacobsen, GE; Matthews, PJ; Lindsay, S
    Stilt structures in the inter-tidal zone or over shallow water on fringing reefs are widely accepted as a feature of settlements of the Lapita cultural complex in Near Oceania. Claims for similar structures in a pre-Lapita context at the Apalo site in the Arawe Islands, New Britain, Papua New Guinea, have been queried on several grounds. Re-evaluation of the Apalo evidence, together with 10 additional AMS radiocarbon dates, establishes human activity associated with some form of structure and possibly with a ground stone axe about 400–500 years before the Lapita pottery occupation. The paucity of occupational refuse suggests a non-residential structure perhaps associated with water transport. Comparisons with the older Dongan midden site in the Sepik-Ramu basin suggest stilt structures were probably used there as well. An apparent shift in depositional processes between the pre-Lapita and Lapita use of Apalo could reflect changed sea conditions arising from increased ENSO activity. © 2025 Informa UK Limited.