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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    A multi-nuclear solid state NMR study of the bonding character in aluminosilcate inorganic polymers of varying nominal composition
    (Material Australia, 2007-07-04) Hanna, JV; Pike, KJ; Rowles, MR; O'Connor, B; Smith, MC; Vance, ER
    Aluminosilicate inorganic polymers were produced by activating metakaolinite with NaOH and studied using a variety of analytical techniques including 29Si, 27Al, 23Na and IH solid state NMR. The relationship is studied between the bonding characters of these materials and the chemical composition, and in turn the compressive strength. Magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR of 29Si spectra showed chemical shifts that systematically changed with the Si:Al ratio, indicating that the structural environment of the Si changes with Al content. Measurements of the temperature dependence of IH-29Si cross-polarisation MAS NMR and IH NMR spectra, together with IH fastMAS NMR spectra, were used to study the speciation and dynamics of hydrogen in the structure. From 27Al MAS NMR the aluminium speciation was found to be predominantly 4-coordinate, with small proportions of 5- and 6- coordinate sites being attributed to unreacted metakaolinite. The corresponding 23Na MAS and high-resolution MQMAS NMR experiments yielded spectra describing dominant amorphous character, however, some stoichiometrys contained additional well-defined components that can be attributed to regions with some short-range order which is not associated with zeolite or carbonate formation. These data suggest that the amorphous character of the inorganic polymers is due to disorder in the Si sublattice, as inferred from comparisons with the 29Si and 27Al spectral line widths for kaolinite. The structural information obtained is compared to previously-published models.
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    Immobilisation of radioactive waste solutions with ceramic precursor processing
    (Materials Australia, 2007-07-04) Sizgek, E
    Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) developed a method to immobilize the Intermediate Level Liquid Waste (ILLW) arising from its Mo-99 production process. The immobilisation process involves impregnation of waste solution into ceramic precursor powders, drying, calcining and consolidation (Hot Isostatic Pressing, HIP) to produce final ceramic wasteform. Ceramic precursor powder is produced by spray drying of a sol-gel based colloidal dispersion. These free-flowing, microspherical, 20-80 microns, precursors have porosity of 4050%. An in-house custom designed and manufactured microwave-heated and mechanically fluidised mixer-drier was used for impregnation of the precursor powder with the simulated waste (Depleted Uranyl Nitrate Hexahydrate, DUNH, and inactive Cs, Sr nitrates as fission products) and drying. During impregnation run evaporation rate of 1 1/h water per kW microwave energy in steady state was achieved by matching the feed rate of DUNH to produce equivalent of 35% IJ02 loading. It was demonstrated that the tuned microwave energy can be delivered to the mixer-drier during the entire impregnation process within very low reflection values. The samples of the waste loaded free-flowing powder were subsequently calcined at 750C under reducing atmosphere for thermal denitration and mineral phase nucleation. Calcined powders were filled into cans. After evacuation and sealing, the cans were isostatically pressed at 1260C. The consolidated ceramic wasteform produced from the DUNH run has been assessed by durability and material characterization tests. Confirmation of each processing step at pilot and/or plant scale, has led to the design and construction of the overall process at full scale (equivalent of processing 8 kg U per batch) in a simulated hot-cell mock-up plant. The constructed plant mainly consists of a MicroWave-heated Mechanical Fluidised Bed (MVWIFB) mixer-drier a fluidised bed calciner, an off-gas unit, material transfer/holding and can filling units. Performance of the overall process by integrating each of the processing steps and material transfer operations are currently being tested with inactive from the point of remote operated plant design perspective. Definitive design of a hot-cell production system has been initiated in parallel to the mock-up plant tests. This paper describes the results of both full-scale DUNH impregnation run and inactive mock-up plant tests in developing unique Mo-99 waste immobilisation technology. simulants
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    An investigation of sol gel coated zirconia thin films on anodised titanium substrate by secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy
    (Materials Australia, 2007-07-04) Roest, R; Atanacio, AJ; Latella, BA; Wuhrer, R; Ben-Nissan, B
    Zirconia sol-gel-derived ceramic coatings have a variety of uses, due to their ease of production and ability to coat complex shapes. The sol-gel's nanocrystalline grain structure results in improved mechanical properties of the zirconia coating, which further aids their use in a variety of applications from thermal barrier coating to improved tribological properties on titanium substrates. Stabilised zirconia thin films were spin coated on anodised titanium substrates. The titanium was anodised in a dilute H3P04/H2S04 solution before spin coating with the zirconia sol gel. These films were then studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), to depth profile the elemental species through to the titanium substrate. In conjunction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X - Ray mapping were used to examine the craters formed by SIMS to gain an understanding of the diffusion gradient existing with the anodised titanium substrate and zirconia thin film. This paper is to present the research results of the interface between the zirconia thin film and the anodised titanium substrate
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    Effect of evacuation parameters on hot isostatically pressed samples titanate wasteform
    (Materials Australia, 2007-07-04) Eddowes, T; Moricca, SA; Webb, N
    One of the methods for consolidation of titanate ceramic wasteforms (synroc) is that of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing). This involves the powdered wasteform sealed in a metallic canister and heated to appropriate temperatures and pressures. If there are residual volatile gases being evolved during the HIPing process an internal pressure build up can result in residual porosity of the product within. A typical process for encapsulating wasteforms is to heat up the sample in the metal canister (bake out) to remove excess gas and moisture and seal under vacuum to prevent the previously mentioned failure. This study evaluates the effect of the vacuum level required before sealing the metal canister as well as the influence of additives into the wasteform on this level. It has previously been shown that an addition of 2wt % Ti added as a redox buffer to Synroc-C results in a dense durable wasteform when subjected to the standard bake out process. It was found in this study that on a small scale no can breach occurred when the powder comes directly from the calcination process and the can was sealed without pulling a vacuum. However the wasteform composition and its performance were affected by the reaction with excess oxygen sealed in the can. To further replicate a true production environment, these investigations were also carried out on larger scale samples.
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    Effect of oxygen activity on Nb solubility in BaTi03
    (Australasian Ceramic Society, 1998) Dupre, B; Kowalski, K; Ijjaalli, M; Nowotny, J
    The procedure of doping of polycrystalline BaTiO3 specimen with Nb is described. It was found that the concentration profile of Nb within the BaTiO3 specimen depends substantially on oxygen activity during annealing. The observed effect is discussed in terms of defect disorder of BaTiO3.