Hydrological control on the dead-carbon content of a tropical Holocene speleothem
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Date
2012-12-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
Over the past decade, a number of speleothem studies have used radiocarbon (14C) to address a range of palaeoclimate problems. These have included the use of the bomb pulse 14C to anchor chronologies over the last 60 years, the combination of U-Th and 14C measurements to improve the radiocarbon age-calibration curve, and linking atmospheric 14C variations with climate change. An issue with a number of these studies is how to constrain, or interpret, variations in the amount of radioactively dead carbon (i.e. the dead carbon fraction, or DCF) that reduces radiocarbon concentrations in speleothems. In this study, we use 14C, stable-isotopes, and trace-elements in a U-Th dated speleothem from Flores, Indonesia, to examine DCF variations and their relationship with above-cave climate over the late Holocene and modern era. A strong association between the DCF and hydrologically-controlled proxy data suggests that more dead carbon was being delivered to the speleothem during periods of higher cave recharge (i.e. lower δ18O, δ13C and Mg/Ca values), and hence stronger summer monsoon. To explore this relationship, we used a geochemical soil-karst model coupled with 14C measurements through the bomb pulse to disentangle the dominant components governing DCF variability in the speleothem. We find that the DCF is primarily controlled by limestone dissolution associated with changes in open- versus closed-system conditions, rather than kinetic fractionation and/or variations in the age spectrum of soil organic matter above the cave. Therefore, we infer that periods of higher rainfall resulted in a higher DCF because the system was in a more closed state, which inhibited carbon isotope exchange between the karst water dissolved inorganic carbon and soil-gas CO2, and ultimately led to a greater contribution of dead carbon from the bedrock. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Description
Keywords
Carbon 14, Indonesia, Quaternary period, Stable isotopes, Elements, Monsoons
Citation
Griffiths, M. L., Fohlmeister, J., Drysdale, R. N., Hua, Q., Johnson, K. R., Hellstrom, J. C., Gagan, M. K., & Zhao, J. X. (2012). Hydrological control on the dead-carbon content of a tropical Holocene speleothem. Quaternary Geochronology 14, 81–93. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2012.04.001