In situ XRD investigation of the evolution of surface layers on Pb-alloy anodes
Loading...
Date
2017-08-22
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Abstract
The electrochemical behaviour of a number of Pb-based anode alloys, under simulated electrowinning conditions, in a 1.6 M H2SO4 electrolyte at 45 °C was studied. Namely, the evolution of PbO2 and PbSO4 surface layers was investigated by quantitative in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (S-XRD) and subsequent Rietveld-based quantitative phase analysis (QPA). In the context of seeking new anode alloys, this research shows that the industry standard Pb-0.08Ca-1.52Sn (wt%) anode, when exposed to a galvanostatic current and intermittent power interruptions, exhibited poor electrochemical performance relative to select custom Pb-based binary alloys; Pb–0.73Mg, Pb–5.05Ag, Pb–0.07Rh, and Pb–1.4Zn (wt%). The in situ S-XRD measurements and subsequent QPA indicated that this was linked to a lower proportion of β-PbO2, relative to PbSO4, on the Pb-0.08Ca-1.52Sn alloy at all stages of the electrochemical cycling. The best performing alloy, in terms of minimisation of overpotential during normal electrowinning operation and minimising the deleterious effects of repeated power interruptions – both of which are significant factors in energy consumption – was determined to be Pb–0.07Rh.
© Cambridge University Press 2022
Description
Keywords
Layers, Anodes, Alloys, Electrolytes, X-ray diffraction, Powders, Energy
Citation
Clancy, M., Styles, M., Bettles, C., Birbilis, N., Kimpton, J., & Webster, N. (2017). In situ XRD investigation of the evolution of surface layers on Pb-alloy anodes. Paper presented to the Australian X-ray Analytical Association Workshops, Conference and Exhibition, "Innovation from Characterisation", 5-9 February 2017, Pullman Albert Park, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. In Powder Diffraction, 32(S2), S54-S60. doi:10.1017/S0885715617000793