Conference Publications

Browse

Now showing 1 - 5 of 2229

Cation order and magnetic behaviour in mixed metal bismuth scheelite Bi3FeMo2O12
(International Union of Crystallography, 2021-08-14) Saura-Múzquiz, M; Mullens, BG; Liu, J; Vogt, T; Maynard-Casely, HE; Avdeev, M; Kennedy, BJ
The scheelites are a family of compounds with chemical formula ABO4, and a characteristic crystal structure consisting of AO8 dodecahedra and BO4 tetrahedra. This structure is flexible and can accommodate a large variety of cations with a range of atomic radii and valence combinations. Scheelite-type oxides, such as CaWO4, BiVO4 and NaLa(MoO4)2 have been extensively studied due to their diverse range of physical and electronic properties [1]. In particular, Bi3+ containing molybdates have been found to be efficient photocatalysts due to the strong repulsive force of the 6s2 lone pair of Bi3+, resulting in distortion of the BO4 tetrahedra and alteration of the band gap [2, 3]. In 1974 Bi3FeMo2O12 (BFMO) was reported as the first scheelite-type compound containing trivalent cations on the tetrahedral sites [4]. Interestingly, two different polymorphs of BFMO can be isolated by varying the synthesis conditions [5]. The tetragonal scheelitetype polymorph, described by space group I41/a with a = 5.32106(13) Å and c = 11.656(4) Å, can be prepared by a sol-gel route from aqueous solution of the constituent ionic species and has a disordered arrangement of the Fe and Mo cations. When heated above 500 °C, a 2:1 ordering of the Mo and Fe cations occurs, which lowers the symmetry to monoclinic (C2/c). The corresponding superstructure has a tripling of the a axis (a = 16.9110 (3) Å, b = 11.6489(2) Å, c= 5.25630(9) Å, β = 107.1395(11)°). The two structures are illustrated in Figure 1. In the present study, both polymorphs of BFMO were synthesized and their structure and magnetic properties characterized using a combination of powder diffraction, microscopy and magnetometry techniques. In situ neutron powder diffraction (NPD) measurements of the structural evolution of disordered tetragonal BFMO with increasing temperature showed that no amorphization takes place prior to the formation of the ordered monoclinic phase. The lack of a structural break-down, despite the substantial cation movement required in such a transformation, suggests that a certain degree of local cation order exists in the “disordered” tetragonal phase, facilitating the direct conversion to the fully ordered monoclinic structure. Instead of the expected amorphization and recrystallization, the conversion takes place via a 1st order phase transition, with the tetragonal polymorph exhibiting negative thermal expansion prior to its conversion into the monoclinic structure. Zero-field-cooled/field-cooled and field-dependent magnetization curves of the monoclinic structure revealed the existence of a magnetic transition below 15 K. The long-range nature of the lowtemperature magnetic structure in the monoclinic polymorph was verified by high-resolution NPD data, which revealed the emergence of an incommensurate magnetic structure. There is no evidence for long-range magnetic order in the tetragonal polymorph. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study of the phase transition mechanism and magnetic properties of this complex system and represents a milestone in the structural understanding and targeted design of Bi3+ containing molybdates as efficient photocatalysts. © The Authors
The ANSTO contribution to a project to provide experimental standards for SAS profile prediction
(Australian Institure of Nuclear Sicence and Engineering (AINSE), 2020-11-11) Duff, AP; Kirby, N; Ryan, T; Trewhella, J; Whitten, AE; Wood, K
The program CRYSOL1, was the first method developed to rapidly calculate small-angle scattering (SAS) profiles from atomic coordinates of biomolecules. It was a major breakthrough, providing the missing link between high-resolution structures and solution SAS data. The importance of this breakthrough is evident in the fact that decades later, alternate methods continue to be published with various claims of improvement. To date, each of the alternate methods published have been validated using different data sets and models. A consensus set of high quality data would be of considerable value in benchmarking the different approaches. In order to evaluate different approaches to including the hydration layer contribution to the SAS profile, it is desirable to have data obtained using X-rays (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS), the latter in H2O and D2O, as the hydration layer contribution differs significantly for each of these measurements. To develop a consensus set of high quality data, an international project involving the efforts of 37 researchers from 11 different X-ray and 3 different neutron scattering facilities across Asia, Europe and North Ⓒ The Authors.
Small angle neutron scattering study of a gehlenite-based ceramic fabricated from industrial waste
(Trans Tech Publications, 2017-11-13) Loy, CW; Matori, K.A; Zainuddin, N; Whitten, AE; de Campo, L; Nasir, NIM; Pallan, NFB; Zaid, MHM; Alassan, ZN; Schmid, S
This paper presents a small angle neutron scattering (SANS)study of a novel porous gehlenite-based ceramic, synthesised from a homogeneous powder mixture of soda-lime-silicate (SLS)glass,α-alumina, calcite and calcium fluoride via solid-state sintering at 1200 °C. The products of sintering at single temperatures from 600 to 1200 °C are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sintering of the mixture below1200 °C forms two intermediate phases (Na2CaSi3O8and Ca4Si2O7F2). Nepheline and α-alumina are minor phases in the gehlenite-based ceramic fabricated through sintering at 1200 °C. The microstructure of the gehlenite-based ceramic is investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and SANS at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering. This study also evaluated the specific surface area of the gehlenite-based ceramic (~3.0 m2cm–3) from quantitative analysis of SANS data. ©2019 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
Spectroscopic examination of dentine and gingival fluids and their diagnostic capability for the preventive treatment of pathology carious processes in dentine
(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2019-10-22) Seredin, PV; Goloshchapov, DL; Ippolitov, YA; Vongsvivut, JP
Abstract. IR-spectra of the samples of the dentine and gingival fluids obtained with the use of synchrotron radiation can be applied for the diagnostics of the pathological processes of the caries character in a dentine. Vibrations within the range of 2100-2050 cm-1 observed in the spectra of dentine and gingival fluids characteristic of thiocyanates mean the development of the carious pathology. At the same time vibration modes of the carboxyl group of a complex ether detected within the range of 1765 – 1725 cm-1 in the spectra of dentine and gingival fluids certainly confirm the development of caries in dentine. These spectrometric signatures can be certainly and reliably detected also in the gingival fluid, indicating at the fact that the changes proceeding in its molecular composition are referred just to the development of pathological processes in the deep dental tissues. © The Authors - Open Access CC-BY Licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Evaluating trophic linkages in mangrove-based food webs using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen
(Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami, 2006-04-19) Mazumder, D; Szymczak, R; Saintilan, N; Williams, RJ
An understanding of the energy flow pathways and trophic linkages in estuarine food webs is essential for managing estuaries and their ecosystems sustainably. These pathways are complex, given the dynamics in physico-chemical processes, variety and area of habitats. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were measured for a variety of fish, invertebrate, and crustacean species collected from saltmarsh and mangrove habitats in Botany Bay and Homebush Bay, NSW, Australia. The work is on-going, however, initial observations indicate specific prey-predator linkages evident within a complex trophic structure. Results also advocate the role of certain non-commercial estuarine species as important conduits of energy and nutrition to higher trophic-order commercially valuable species, linking these with specific estuarine habitats. This work seeks to model the source of energy and nutrition in mangrove and saltmarsh-based food webs and to determine the chemical linkages between high trophic order species and different habitat resources. © The Authors.

Browse

Recent Submissions