Effect of Ti‐metal addition on hot‐isostatically pressed (HIPed) Synroc‐C
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Date
2023-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wiley
Abstract
Synroc, a candidate nuclear wasteform and Synroc technology, a waste treatment solution utilizing hot‐isostatic pressing (HIPing) have significant potential for the immobilisation of challenging nuclear wastes from both current and innovative reactors and fuel cycles. Hot isostatic press (HIP) consolidation is undertaken within sealed metal HIP canisters, where metal buffers (e.g., Ti, Fe and Ni) can be incorporated to control the redox environment within the canister. This study, for the first time, reports the effect of varying Ti‐metal addition (0, 2, 4, and 8 wt.%) on phase formation, microstructural characteristics, and wasteform performance for HIP consolidated Synroc‐C containing 20 wt.% simulated PUREX type (PW‐4b) high level waste. Quantitative X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy‐EDS analyses were undertaken for analytical investigations. The chemical durability of the samples was assessed using ASTM C1220‐21 standard test. Hot‐isostatically pressed (HIPed) samples with 0 and 8 wt.% Ti added for redox control produced unfavourable phase formation. However, the HIPed samples with Ti additions of 2 and 4 wt.% as a redox buffer showed the desired phase formation of Synroc‐C without any significant change to the partitioning of waste elements among the phases along with compatible durability results, when compared to previous literature for hot uniaxial pressing (HUPed) or sintered materials. © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia and The Authors. Journal of the American Ceramic Society published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Ceramic Society. - Open Access CC-BY-NC.
Description
Keywords
Titanium, Wastes, Fuel cycle, Iron, Nickel, Nuclear materials management, Radioactive wastes, Synroc process, ANSTO, Australian organizations, Ceramics, Purex process
Citation
Farzana, R., Dayal, P., Peristyy, A., Sutton, P., Aly, Z., Aughterson, R. D., Nguyen, T. H., Yeoh, M., Koshy, P., & Gregg, D. J. (2023). Effect of Ti-metal addition on hot-isostatically pressed (HIPed) Synroc-C. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 106(11), 6971-6986. doi.org/10.1111/jace.19313