Synthesis, electrochemistry and transition metal-doping of monoclinic Li4Ti5O12 and Na4Ti5O12
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Date
2020-10-01
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Elsevier
Abstract
A new candidate Li-ion battery anode material, monoclinic M-Li4Ti5O12, has been prepared for the first time by ion-exchange from monoclinic M-Na4Ti5O12, and found to offer a stable electrochemical performance at rates of C/20 and 2C. The structural and electrochemical effects of transition metal M(III) doping of M-Na4Ti5O12 and Li4Ti5O12 have also been investigated. Doping was found to facilitate the synthesis of the M-Na4Ti5O12 type structure, eliminating the need for strongly reducing conditions; increase the Na-ion content; and improve the stability in atmospheric conditions. Neutron powder diffraction and ex situ X-ray powder diffraction data collected at various points during electrochemical cycling reveal that phase changes in Li4Ti5O12 proceed via a two-phase mechanism, in contrast to M-Na4Ti5O12 which proceeds via a solid-solution mechanism. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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Keywords
Electrochemistry, Transistion elements, Monoclinic lattices, Lithium ion batteries, Electrodes, X-ray diffraction, Neutron diffraction, Phase transformations
Citation
Naeyaert, P. J. P., Avdeev, M., Ling, C. D. (2020). Synthesis, electrochemistry and transition metal-doping of monoclinic Li4Ti5O12 and Na4Ti5O12. Solid State Ionics, 353, 115375. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115375