XPS and NEXAFS study of fluorine modified TiO2 nano-ovoids reveals dependence of Ti3+ surface population on the modifying agent
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Date
2014-04-04
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Abstract
Crystalline titanium dioxide was synthesised under mild conditions by the thermal degradation of peroxotitanic acid in the presence of a number of fluoride-containing surface modifying agents (NH4F, NH4BF4, NH4PF6, NBu4F, NBu4BF4, NBu4PF6). The resulting materials were characterised by PXRD, SEM, HRTEM, XPS and NEXAFS. Particle phase, size, and surface area were noticeably affected by the choice of surface modifying agent. Both the cation and anion comprising the modifying agent affect the surface Ti3+ population of the materials, with two apparent trends observed: Fâ > BF4â > PF6â and NBu4+ > NH4+. All materials displayed evidence of fluorine doping on their surfaces, although no evidence of bulk doping was observed. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry (Open Access)
Description
This Open Access Article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Keywords
Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fluorine, Titanium oxides, Thermal degradation, Cations, Anions, Crystal doping
Citation
Ruzicka, J.-Y., Bakar, F. A., Thomsen, L., Cowie, B. C., McNicoll, C., Kemmitt, T., Brand, H. E. A., Ingham, B., Andersson, G. G. & Golovko, V. B. (2014). XPS and NEXAFS study of fluorine modified TiO 2 nano-ovoids reveals dependence of Ti 3+ surface population on the modifying agent. RSC Advances, 4(40), 20649-20658.doi.org/10.1039/C3RA47652A