Effect of holding time on strain relaxation in high-strength low-alloy steel welds: an in-situ neutron diffraction approach

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dc.contributor.authorAlipooramirabad, Hen_AU
dc.contributor.authorParadowska, AMen_AU
dc.contributor.authorReid, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorGhomaschi, Ren_AU
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-22T19:55:58Zen_AU
dc.date.available2021-12-22T19:55:58Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2022-01en_AU
dc.date.statistics2021-12-15en_AU
dc.description.abstractIn-situ neutron diffraction was employed in the present investigation to study the effects of holding time on the relaxation of residual strains during Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) for multi-pass High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) steel welds. Different holding time intervals (0.5, 1 and 3 h) were utilized to evaluate and monitor the residual strain relaxation during PWHT. It was found that the holding time has little effects on the strain relaxations as strain relaxations occurs predominantly during the reheating stage of the heat treatment (~80% of strain relaxation). A similar trend is observed for all three holding time arrangements with the high strain relaxation during the reheating stage followed by linear strain relief may confirm the hypothesis that creep (primary and secondary) is responsible for strain relaxation during PWHT. It further confirms the selected soaking temperature of 600 °C has a significant effect on the stress relaxation. This finding is in line with the microstructural characterization studies indicating the formation of sub-grains through polygonization in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and Weld Metal (WM) of the heat treated joints. Ex-situ neutron diffraction which was conducted after PWHT confirmed the in-situ neutron diffraction results and showed slightly higher level of residual stresses for the heat-treated specimen with 1/2 hour holding time (~32% of yield strength of the WM). Furthermore, the tensile, hardness and Charpy impact test results support the notion that a shorter holding time is more beneficial, not only for the cost issues but also for the microstructural and mechanical properties of the welded joints. The findings of this study can be used to optimize the current PWHT codes and standards. It can also be used for the validation studies of the finite element modeling of this process. © 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Society of Manufacturing Engineers.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipThe research described in this paper was supported by the funding from ANSTO through Proposal 6294.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationAlipooramirabad, H., Paradowska, A., Reid, M., & Ghomashchi, R. (2022). Effect of holding time on strain relaxation in high-strength low-alloy steel welds: an in-situ neutron diffraction approach. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 73, 326-339. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.11.005en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1526-6125en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal of Manufacturing Processesen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination326-339en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.11.005en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/12643en_AU
dc.identifier.volume73en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevieren_AU
dc.subjectNeutron diffractionen_AU
dc.subjectCreepen_AU
dc.subjectResidual stressesen_AU
dc.subjectStress relaxationen_AU
dc.subjectStrainsen_AU
dc.subjectSteelsen_AU
dc.subjectTransmission electron microscopyen_AU
dc.titleEffect of holding time on strain relaxation in high-strength low-alloy steel welds: an in-situ neutron diffraction approachen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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