Br-doped Li4Ti5O12 and composite TiO2 anodes for Li-ion batteries: synchrotron x-ray and in situ neutron diffraction studies

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dc.contributor.authorDu, GDen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Nen_AU
dc.contributor.authorPeterson, VKen_AU
dc.contributor.authorKimpton, JAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorJia, DZen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGuo, ZPen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-11T04:36:36Zen_AU
dc.date.available2021-08-11T04:36:36Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2011-09-01en_AU
dc.date.statistics2021-08-03en_AU
dc.description.abstractSynchrotron X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the phase purity and re-evaluate the crystal-structure of Li4Ti5O12-xBrx electrode materials (where the synthetic chemical inputs are x = 0.05, 0.10 0.20, 0.30). A maximum of x′ = 0.12 Br, where x′ is the Rietveld-refined value, can be substituted into the crystal structure with at least 2% rutile TiO2 forming as a second phase. Higher Br concentrations induced the formation of a third, presumably Br-rich, phase. These materials function as composite anodes that contain mixtures of TiO2, Li4Ti5O12-xBrx, and a Br-rich third, unknown, phase. The minor quantities of the secondary phases in combination with Li4Ti5O12-xBrx where x′ ∼ 0.1 were found to correspond to the optimum in electrochemical properties, while larger quantities of the secondary phases contributed to the degradation of the performance. In situ neutron diffraction of a composite anatase TiO2/Li4Ti5O12 anode within a custom-built battery was used to determine the electrochemical function of the TiO2 component. The Li4Ti5O12 component was found to be electrochemically active at lower voltages (1.5 V) relative to TiO2 (1.7 V). This enabled Li insertion/extraction to be tuned through the choice of voltage range in both components of this composite or in the anatase TiO2 phase only. The use of composite materials may facilitate the development of multi-component electrodes where different active materials can be cycled in order to tune power output. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationDu, G., Sharma, N., Peterson, V. K., Kimpton, J. A., Jia, D., & Guo, Z. (2011). Br‐doped Li4Ti5O12 and composite TiO2 anodes for Li‐ion batteries: synchrotron x‐ray and in situ neutron diffraction studies. Advanced Functional Materials, 21(20), 3990-3997. doi:10.1002/adfm.201100846en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1616-3028en_AU
dc.identifier.issue20en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleAdvanced Functional Materialsen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination3990-3997en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201100846en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/11317en_AU
dc.identifier.volume21en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Incen_AU
dc.subjectAnodesen_AU
dc.subjectElectrochemistryen_AU
dc.subjectBerylliumen_AU
dc.subjectLithium ionsen_AU
dc.subjectNeutron diffractionen_AU
dc.subjectTitanium oxidesen_AU
dc.titleBr-doped Li4Ti5O12 and composite TiO2 anodes for Li-ion batteries: synchrotron x-ray and in situ neutron diffraction studiesen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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