Geochemical signatures up to the maximum inundation of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami — Implications for the 869 AD Jogan and other palaeotsunamis

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dc.contributor.authorChagué-Goff, Cen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAndrew, ASen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSzczuciński, Wen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGoff, JRen_AU
dc.contributor.authorNishimura, Yen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-12T22:49:19Zen_AU
dc.date.available2020-10-12T22:49:19Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2012-12-30en_AU
dc.date.statistics2020-10-13en_AU
dc.description.abstractThe geochemical signature of the Tohoku-oki tsunami deposit and underlying soil was assessed two months, five months and seven months after the 11 March 2011 tsunami inundated the Sendai Plain. The extent of the recognisable sand deposit was traced up to 2.9 km inland while a mud deposit was found up to 4.65 km inland, representing 60% and nearly 95% of the maximum tsunami inundation, respectively. The limit of tsunami inundation was identified 4.85 km from the shore using geochemical marine markers (S and Cl) two months after the tsunami, in the absence of any sedimentological evidence. Concentrations of other geochemical markers (K, Ca, Sr) indicative of the marine incursion and associated minerals were found to decrease landward. δ13C and δ15N and C/N ratios suggested a mixture of terrestrial and marine organic sources in the sediment, while δ34S of sulphate reflected the marine source of water soluble salts. The chemical composition of the 869 AD Jogan tsunami sand deposit was characterised by high Sr and Rb concentrations and was comparable to that of the Tohoku-oki tsunami deposit, suggesting that the sources of sediment may be similar. Marked decreases in S and Cl with time indicated that rainfall resulted in the leaching of salts from the sandy sediments. However, both S and Cl markers as well as Sr were still well preserved in the muddy sediments and underlying soil beyond the limit of the recognisable sand deposit seven months after the tsunami. This suggests that geochemical indicators may well be useful in identifying the extent of historical and palaeotsunamis by determining the marine origin of fine grained sediments beyond the limit of recognisable sand deposition, in particular when marine microfossils are sparse or lacking as is the case on the Sendai Plain. This would allow researchers to redraw palaeotsunami inundation maps and re-assess the magnitude of events such as the Jogan tsunami and other palaeotsunamis, not only on the Sendai Plain but also elsewhere around the world. This has important implications for tsunami risk assessment, hazard mitigation and preparedness. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationChagué-Goff, C., Andrew, A., Szczuciński, W., Goff, J., & Nishimura, Y. (2012). Geochemical signatures up to the maximum inundation of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami — Implications for the 869AD Jogan and other palaeotsunamis. Sedimentary Geology, 282, 65-77. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.05.021en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0037-0738en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleSedimentary Geologyen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination65-77en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.05.021en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/9892en_AU
dc.identifier.volume282en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.en_AU
dc.subjectJapanen_AU
dc.subjectTsunamisen_AU
dc.subjectSanden_AU
dc.subjectDepositsen_AU
dc.subjectGeologic depositsen_AU
dc.subjectStable isotopesen_AU
dc.subjectSulfur isotopesen_AU
dc.subjectCarbon isotopesen_AU
dc.subjectNitrogen isotopesen_AU
dc.subjectX-ray fluorescence analysisen_AU
dc.titleGeochemical signatures up to the maximum inundation of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami — Implications for the 869 AD Jogan and other palaeotsunamisen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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