Lipid bilayer degradation induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as revealed by neutron reflectometry

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dc.contributor.authorLuchini, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorMicciulla, Sen_AU
dc.contributor.authorCorucci, Gen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBatchu, KCen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSantamaria, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorLaux, Ven_AU
dc.contributor.authorDarwish, TAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorRussell, RAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorThépaut, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorBally, Ien_AU
dc.contributor.authorFieschi, Fen_AU
dc.contributor.authorFragneto, Gen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-27T06:36:11Zen_AU
dc.date.available2021-07-27T06:36:11Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2021-07-21en_AU
dc.date.statistics2021-07-27en_AU
dc.description.abstractSARS-CoV-2 spike proteins are responsible for the membrane fusion event, which allows the virus to enter the host cell and cause infection. This process starts with the binding of the spike extramembrane domain to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane receptor highly abundant in the lungs. In this study, the extramembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (sSpike) was injected on model membranes formed by supported lipid bilayers in presence and absence of the soluble part of receptor ACE2 (sACE2), and the structural features were studied at sub-nanometer level by neutron reflection. In all cases the presence of the protein produced a remarkable degradation of the lipid bilayer. Indeed, both for membranes from synthetic and natural lipids, a significant reduction of the surface coverage was observed. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements showed that lipid extraction starts immediately after sSpike protein injection. All measurements indicate that the presence of proteins induces the removal of membrane lipids, both in the presence and in the absence of ACE2, suggesting that sSpike molecules strongly associate with lipids, and strip them away from the bilayer, via a non-specific interaction. A cooperative effect of sACE2 and sSpike on lipid extraction was also observed. © 2021 The Authors CC BY 4.0en_AU
dc.identifier.articlenumber14867en_AU
dc.identifier.citationLuchini, A., Micciulla, S., Corucci, G., Batchu, K. C., Santamaria, A., Laux, V., Darwish, T., Russell, R. A., Thepaut, M., Bally, I., Fieschi, F., & Fragneto, G. (2021). Lipid bilayer degradation induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as revealed by neutron reflectometry. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 14867. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93996-xen_AU
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322en_AU
dc.identifier.issue1en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleScientific Reportsen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93996-xen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/11106en_AU
dc.identifier.volume11en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherSpringer Nature Limiteden_AU
dc.subjectLipidsen_AU
dc.subjectCoronavirusesen_AU
dc.subjectVirusesen_AU
dc.subjectProteinsen_AU
dc.subjectNeutron reflectorsen_AU
dc.subjectInfectious diseasesen_AU
dc.subjectViral diseasesen_AU
dc.subjectLungsen_AU
dc.subjectMembranesen_AU
dc.titleLipid bilayer degradation induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as revealed by neutron reflectometryen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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