Impact of aerosols of sea salt origin in a coastal basin: Sydney, Australia

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dc.contributor.authorCrawford, Jen_AU
dc.contributor.authorCohen, DDen_AU
dc.contributor.authorChambers, SDen_AU
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, AGen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAtanacio, AJen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-09T22:12:58Zen_AU
dc.date.available2020-12-09T22:12:58Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2019-06-15en_AU
dc.date.statistics2020-12-04en_AU
dc.description.abstractSea salt is one of the major aerosols in the atmosphere in both the fine and coarse size ranges. Newly formed sea salt particles have a similar composition to seawater; including elements such as Na, Cl, Mg, S, Ca, Br and K. However, once in the atmosphere sea salt particles can undergo chemical reactions with other airborne pollutants, resulting in a loss of chlorine (whereas Na is conservative). The modified aerosol is commonly referred to as aged sea spray or aged sea salt. Fine aerosols from two sites in the Sydney Basin were analysed for source fingerprints with components that may have originated from the ocean (i.e. fresh and aged sea spray). At Lucas Heights, 18.4 km from the nearest coast, the average source fingerprint concentrations of fresh and aged sea spray were 0.47 ± 0.02 and 1.08 ± 0.03 μg/m3, respectively. At Richmond, 58 km from the coast, the average fingerprint concentrations of fresh and aged sea spray were 0.26 ± 0.01 and 0.87 ± 0.02 μg/m3, respectively. At Lucas heights, fresh and aged sea spray contributed to 11% and 21% of PM2.5, respectively. At Richmond fresh and aged sea spray contributed to 4.8 ± 0.35 and 16 ± 0.5% of the PM2.5, respectively. The Cl/Na ratios of aged sea spray at Lucas Heights and Richmond were 0.72 and 0.87, respectively, in comparison to 1.54 for fresh sea salt. At Richmond the corresponding Ca/Na and K/Na ratios were both 0.037 (close to that of seawater), and at Lucas Heights, the corresponding ratios were 0.038 and 0.026, respectively. Back trajectory and Radon-222 analysis demonstrated that the largest concentrations of aged sea spray occur when the air masses had travelled over regions of anthropogenic sources. This confirms an interaction between anthropogenic precursors and sea spray that liberates chlorine enabling it to contribute to other chemical reactions in the atmosphere, e.g. resulting in an increase in the formation of ozone. Crown Copyright © 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationCrawford, J., Cohen, D. D., Chambers, S. D., Williams, A. G., & Atanacio, A. (2019). Impact of aerosols of sea salt origin in a coastal basin: Sydney, Australia. Atmospheric Environment, 207, 52-62. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.03.018en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1352-2310en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleAtmospheric Environmenten_AU
dc.identifier.pagination52-62en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.03.018en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/10092en_AU
dc.identifier.volume207en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevieren_AU
dc.subjectAerosolsen_AU
dc.subjectFine particlesen_AU
dc.subjectFactorizationen_AU
dc.subjectSaltsen_AU
dc.subjectSulfatesen_AU
dc.subjectCoastal regionsen_AU
dc.subjectNew South Walesen_AU
dc.subjectAustraliaen_AU
dc.titleImpact of aerosols of sea salt origin in a coastal basin: Sydney, Australiaen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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