The mechanism of the sodiation and desodiation in super P carbon electrode for sodium-ion battery
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Date
2017-02-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
The sodiation and desodiation of sodium (Na) into the Super-P carbon anode material were investigated using electrochemical analyses, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and neutron powder diffraction (NPD). In the sodiated Super-P carbon, sodium is stored both in the graphite interlayer space of carbon nano-particles and pores between the particles. Sodium metal clusters found in micro-pores between the carbon particles are responsible for the large irreversible capacity of the Super-P electrode. The graphite interlayer distance increases on sodiation from 3.57 Å to two distinct values of ∼3.84 and 4.41 Å. The mechanism of the process is discussed. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Description
Keywords
Neutron diffraction, Carbon, Anodes, Sodium ions, Radioisotope batteries, Transmission electron microscopy
Citation
Wu, C.-M., Pan, P.-I., Cheng, Y.-W., Liu, C.-P., Chang, C.-C., Avdeev, M., & Lin, S.-K. (2017) The mechanism of the sodiation and desodiation in super P carbon electrode for sodium-ion battery. Journal of Power Sources, 340, 14-21. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.048