The role of Th-U minerals in assessing the performance of nuclear waste forms

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dc.contributor.authorLumpkin, GRen_AU
dc.contributor.authorYan, Gen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGieré, Ren_AU
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, CTen_AU
dc.contributor.authorMariano, ANen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGeisler, Ten_AU
dc.date.accessioned2016-09-19T01:53:15Zen_AU
dc.date.available2016-09-19T01:53:15Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2014-10-05en_AU
dc.date.statistics2016-09-19en_AU
dc.description.abstractMaterials designed for nuclear waste disposal include a range of ceramics, glass ceramics and glass waste forms. Those with crystalline phases have provided the momentum for studies of minerals as a means to understand aspects of waste-form crystal chemistry, behaviour in aqueous systems and radiation damage over geological periods of time. Although the utility of natural analogue studies varies, depending upon the degree of analogy to the proposed geological repository and other factors such as chemical composition, the available data suggest that Th-U host phases such as brannerite, monazite, pyrochlore, zircon and zirconolite are resistant generally to dissolution in aqueous fluids at low temperatures. Geochemical durability may or may not extend to hydrothermal systems depending on the specifics of fluid composition, temperature and pressure. At elevated temperatures, for example, davidite may break down to new phase assemblages including titanite, ilmenite and rutile. Perovskite is generally less resistant to dissolution at low temperatures and breaks down to TiO2, releasing A-site cations to the aqueous fluid. Studies of radiation damage indicate that the oxide and silicate phases become amorphous as a result of the gradual accumulation of alpha-recoil collision cascades. Monazite tends to remain crystalline on geological time scales, a very attractive property that potentially eliminates major changes in physical properties such as density and volume, thereby reducing the potential for cracking, which is a major concern for zircon. In spite of recent success in describing the behaviour of Th-U minerals in geological systems, considerable work remains in order to understand the P-T-X conditions during alteration and T-t history of the host rocks.© The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationLumpkin, G. R., Gao, Y., Gieré, R., Williams, C. T., Mariano, A. N., & Geisler, T. (2014). The role of Th-U minerals in assessing the performance of nuclear waste forms. Mineralogical Magazine, 78(5), 1071-1095. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.5.01en_AU
dc.identifier.govdoc7119en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1471-8022en_AU
dc.identifier.issue5en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleMineralogical Magazineen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination1071-1095en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.5.01en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/7537en_AU
dc.identifier.volume78en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherCamberidge University Pressen_AU
dc.subjectMaterialsen_AU
dc.subjectRadioactive wastesen_AU
dc.subjectCeramicsen_AU
dc.subjectGlassen_AU
dc.subjectMineralsen_AU
dc.subjectCrystalsen_AU
dc.titleThe role of Th-U minerals in assessing the performance of nuclear waste formsen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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