Microcrystalline hexagonal tungsten bronze. 1. Basis of ion exchange selectivity for cesium and strontium

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dc.contributor.authorGriffith, CSen_AU
dc.contributor.authorLuca, Ven_AU
dc.contributor.authorHanna, JVen_AU
dc.contributor.authorPike, KJen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSmith, MEen_AU
dc.contributor.authorThorogood, GJen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-06T01:17:37Zen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-30T05:09:08Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-06T01:17:37Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-30T05:09:08Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2009-07-06en_AU
dc.date.statistics2009-07-06en_AU
dc.description.abstractThe structural basis of selectivity for cesium and strontium of microcrystalline hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) phase NaxWO3+x/2·zH2O has been studied using X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques, 1D and 2D 23Na magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and radiochemical ion exchange investigations. For the HTB system, this study has shown that scattering techniques alone provide an incomplete description of the disorder and rapid exchange of water (with tunnel cations) occurring in this system. However, 1D and 2D 23Na MAS NMR has identified three sodium species within the HTB tunnels—species A, which is located at the center of the hexagonal window and is devoid of coordinated water, and species B and C, which are the di- and monohydrated variants, respectively, of species A. Although species B accords with the traditional crystallographic model of the HTB phase, this work is the first to propose and identify the anhydrous species A and monohydrate species C. The population (total) of species B and C decreases in comparison to that of species A with increasing exchange of either cesium or strontium; that is, species B and C appear more exchangeable than species A. Moreover, a significant proportion of tunnel water is redistributed by these cations. Multiple ion exchange investigations with radiotracers 137Cs and 85Sr have shown that for strontium there is a definite advantage in ensuring that any easily exchanged sodium is removed from the HTB tunnels prior to exchange. The decrease in selectivity (wrt cesium) is most probably due to the slightly smaller effective size of Sr2+; namely, it is less of a good fit for the hexagonal window, ion exchange site. The selectivity of the HTB framework for cesium has been shown unequivocally to be defined by the structure of the hexagonal window, ion exchange site. Compromising the geometry of this window even in the slightest way by either (1) varying the cell volume through changes to hydration or sodium content or (2) introducing disorder in the a−b plane through isomorphous substitution of molybdenum is sufficient to reduce the selectivity. Indeed, it is our hypothesis that this applies for all cations which are strongly bound by the HTB framework. © 2009, American Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.identifier.citationGriffith, C. S., Luca, V., Hanna, J. V., Pike, K. J., Smith, M. E., & Thorogood, G. S. (2009). Microcrystalline hexagonal tungsten bronze. 1. Basis of ion exchange selectivity for cesium and strontium. Inorganic Chemistry, 48(13), 5648-5662. doi:/10.1021/ic801294xen_AU
dc.identifier.govdoc1588en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0020-1669en_AU
dc.identifier.issue13en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleInorganic Chemistryen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination5648-5662en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic801294xen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/3036en_AU
dc.identifier.volume48en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.subjectTungstenen_AU
dc.subjectIon exchangeen_AU
dc.subjectCesiumen_AU
dc.subjectStrontiumen_AU
dc.subjectBronzeen_AU
dc.subjectHexagonal configurationen_AU
dc.titleMicrocrystalline hexagonal tungsten bronze. 1. Basis of ion exchange selectivity for cesium and strontiumen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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