Characterisation and source apportionment of fine particulate sources at Hanoi from 2001 to 2008

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dc.contributor.authorCohen, DDen_AU
dc.contributor.authorCrawford, Jen_AU
dc.contributor.authorStelcer, Een_AU
dc.contributor.authorBac, VTen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-19T06:23:25Zen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-30T05:08:43Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-19T06:23:25Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-30T05:08:43Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2010-01en_AU
dc.date.statistics2010-01en_AU
dc.description.abstractPM2.5 particulate matter has been collected on Teflon filters every Sunday and Wednesday at Hanoi, Vietnam for nearly eight years from April 2001 to December 2008. These filters have been analysed for over 21 different chemical species from hydrogen to lead by ion beam analysis techniques. This is the first long term PM2.5 dataset for this region. The average PM2.5 mass for the study period was (54 ± 33) μg m―3, well above the current US EPA health goal of 15 μg m―3. The average PM2.5 composition was found to be (29 ± 8)% ammonium sulfate, (8.9 ± 3.3)% soil, (28 ± 11)% organic matter, (0.6 ± 1.4)% salt and (9.2 ± 2.8)% black carbon. The remaining missing mass (25%) was mainly nitrates and absorbed water. Positive matrix factorisation techniques identified the major source contributions to the fine mass as automobiles and transport (40 ± 10)%, windblown soil (3.4 ± 2)%, secondary sulfates (7.8 ± 10)%, smoke from biomass burning (13 ± 6)%, ferrous and cement industries (19 ± 8)%, and coal combustion (17 ± 7)% during the 8 year study period. © 2010, Elsevier Ltd.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationCohen, D. D., Crawford, J., Stelcer, E., & Bac, V. T. (2010). Characterisation and source apportionment of fine particulate sources at Hanoi from 2001 to 2008. Atmospheric Environment, 44(3), 320-328. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.037en_AU
dc.identifier.govdoc1561en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1352-2310en_AU
dc.identifier.issue3en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleAtmospheric Environmenten_AU
dc.identifier.pagination320-328en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.037en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/3212en_AU
dc.identifier.volume44en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevieren_AU
dc.subjectAsiaen_AU
dc.subjectParticulatesen_AU
dc.subjectIon beamsen_AU
dc.subjectAir pollutionen_AU
dc.subjectTeflonen_AU
dc.subjectFiltersen_AU
dc.titleCharacterisation and source apportionment of fine particulate sources at Hanoi from 2001 to 2008en_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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