Microcrystalline hexagonal tungsten bronze. 2. Dehydration dynamics

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dc.contributor.authorLuca, Ven_AU
dc.contributor.authorGriffith, CSen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHanna, JVen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-07T03:19:44Zen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-30T05:08:14Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-07T03:19:44Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-30T05:08:14Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2009-07-06en_AU
dc.date.statistics2009-07-06en_AU
dc.description.abstractLow-temperature (25−600°C) thermal transformations have been studied for hydrothermally prepared, microcrystalline hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) phases AxWO3+x/2·zH2O as a function of temperature, where A is an exchangeable cation (in this case Na+ or Cs+) located in hexagonal structural tunnels. Thermal treatment of the as-prepared sodium- and cesium-exchanged phases in air were monitored using a conventional laboratory-based X-ray diffractometer, while thermal transformations in vacuum were studied using synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction. Concurrent thermogravimetric, diffuse reflectance infrared (DRIFT), and 23Na and 133Cs magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopic studies have also been undertaken. For the cesium variant, cell volume contraction occurred from room temperature to about 350°C, the regime in which water was “squeezed” out of tunnel sites. This was followed by a lattice expansion in the 350−600°C temperature range. Over the entire temperature range, a net thermal contraction was observed, and this was the result of an anisotropic change in the cell dimensions which included a shortening of the A−O2 bond length. These changes explain why Cs+ ions are locked into tunnel positions at temperatures as low as 400°C, subsequently inducing a significant reduction in Cs+ extractability under low pH (nitric acid) conditions. The changing Cs+ speciation as detected by 133Cs MAS NMR showed a condensation from multiple Cs sites, presumably associated with differing modes of Cs+ hydration in the tunnels, to a single Cs+ environment upon thermal transformation and water removal. While similar lattice contraction was observed for the as-prepared sodium variant, the smaller radius of Na+ caused it to be relatively easily removed with acid in comparison to the Cs+ variant. From 23Na MAS NMR studies of the parent material, complex Na+ speciation was observed with dehydrated and various hydrated Na+ species being identified, and a subsequent dynamic interchange within this speciation was observed upon thermal treatment. © 2009, American Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.identifier.citationLuca, V., Griffith, C. S., & Hanna, J. V. (2009). Microcrystalline hexagonal tungsten bronze. 2. Dehydration dynamics. Inorganic Chemistry, 48(13), 5663-5676. doi:10.1021/ic801295cen_AU
dc.identifier.govdoc1529en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0020-1669en_AU
dc.identifier.issue13en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleInorganic Chemistryen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination5663-5676en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic801295cen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/3079en_AU
dc.identifier.volume48en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.subjectTungstenen_AU
dc.subjectDehydrationen_AU
dc.subjectHexagonal configurationen_AU
dc.subjectBronzeen_AU
dc.subjectThermalizationen_AU
dc.subjectCationsen_AU
dc.titleMicrocrystalline hexagonal tungsten bronze. 2. Dehydration dynamicsen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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