Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders

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dc.contributor.authorKamarulzaman, Nen_AU
dc.contributor.authorYusoff, RYen_AU
dc.contributor.authorKamarudin, Nen_AU
dc.contributor.authorShaari, NHen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAziz, NAAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBustam, MAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBlagojevic, Nen_AU
dc.contributor.authorElcombe, MMen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBlackford, MGen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAvdeev, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorArof, AKen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2009-06-22T02:09:28Zen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-30T05:04:15Zen_AU
dc.date.available2009-06-22T02:09:28Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-30T05:04:15Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2009-03-01en_AU
dc.date.statistics2009-03-01en_AU
dc.description.abstractNano materials are usually difficult to prepare. This work presents a simple way of preparing LiMn2O4 nano powders using the high-energy ball milling method. This method has the advantage of producing pure, single-phase and crystalline nano powders. The milling method is carefully controlled to avoid unwanted chemical reactions that may change the stoichiometry of the material. Nano powders of between 30 and 50 nm are obtained. Structural studies of the nano powders, as well as the more-conventional micron-sized LiMn2O4, are made using X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction methods. Electrochemical evaluation of the materials is undertaken with a three-probe cyclic voltammetry technique and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. Structural studies reveal that not only are the crystallites of the nano powders much reduced in size from the normal powders, but their cell parameters are also smaller. The performance characteristics of the nano material show an improvement over that of the micron-sized material by about 17% in the 1st cycle and 70.6% in the 5th cycle, at which the capacity is 132 mAh g(-1). The normal material suffers from severe capacity fading but the nano material shows much improved capacity retention. © 2008, Elsevier Ltd.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationKamarulzaman, N., Yusoff, R., Kamarudin, N., Shaari, N. H., Aziz, N. A. A., Bustam, M. A., Blagojevic, N., Elcombe, M. M., Blackford, M. G., Avdeev, M., & Arof, A. K. (2009). Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders. Journal of Power Sources, 188(1), 274-280. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.10.139en_AU
dc.identifier.govdoc1276en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0378-7753en_AU
dc.identifier.issue1en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal of Power Sourcesen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination274-280en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.10.139en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/1456en_AU
dc.identifier.volume188en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevieren_AU
dc.subjectNeutron diffractionen_AU
dc.subjectChemical reactionsen_AU
dc.subjectLithium oxidesen_AU
dc.subjectManganese oxidesen_AU
dc.subjectSol-gel processen_AU
dc.subjectGrain sizeen_AU
dc.titleInvestigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powdersen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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