Apportionment of sources of fine and coarse particles in four major Australian cities by positive matrix factorisation

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dc.contributor.authorChan, YCen_AU
dc.contributor.authorCohen, DDen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHawas, Oen_AU
dc.contributor.authorStelcer, Een_AU
dc.contributor.authorSimpson, Ren_AU
dc.contributor.authorDenison, Len_AU
dc.contributor.authorWong, Nen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHodge, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorComino, Een_AU
dc.contributor.authorCarswell, Sen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2009-07-08T06:50:46Zen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-30T05:02:27Zen_AU
dc.date.available2009-07-08T06:50:46Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-30T05:02:27Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2008-01en_AU
dc.date.statistics2008-01en_AU
dc.description.abstractIn this study, 437 days of 6-daily, 24-h samples Of PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10 were collected over a 12-month period during 2003-2004 in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and Adelaide. The elemental, ionic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition of the particles were determined. Source apportionment was carried out by using the positive matrix factorisation software (PMF2). Eight factors were identified for the fine particle samples including 'motor vehicles', 'industry', 'other combustion sources', 'ammonium sulphates', 'nitrates', 'marine aerosols', 'chloride depleted marine aerosols' and 'crustal/soil dust'. On average combustion sources, secondary nitrates/sulphates and natural origin dust contributed about 46%, 25% and 26% of the mass of the fine particle samples, respectively. 'Crustal/soil dust', 'marine aerosols', 'nitrates' and 'road side dust' were the four factors identified for the coarse particle samples. On average natural origin dust contributed about 76% of the mass of the coarse particle samples. The contributions of the sources to the sample mass basically reflect the emission source characteristics of the sites. Secondary sulphates and nitrates were found to spread out evenly within each city. The average contribution of secondary nitrates to fine particles was found to be rather uniform in different seasons, rather than higher in winter as found in other studies. This could be due to the low humidity conditions in winter in most of the Australian cities which made the partitioning of the particle phase less favourable in the NH4NO3 equilibrium system. A linear relationship was found between the average contribution of marine aerosols and the distance of the site from the bay side. Wind erosion was found associated with higher contribution of crustal dust on average and episodes of elevated concentration of coarse particles in spring and summer. © 2007, Elsevier Ltd.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationChan, Y. C., Cohen, D. D., Hawas, O., Stelcer, E., Simpson, R., Denison, L., Wong, N., Hodge, M., Comino, E., & Carswell, S. (2008). Apportionment of sources of fine and coarse particles in four major Australian cities by positive matrix factorisation. Atmospheric Environment, 42(2), 374-389. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.030en_AU
dc.identifier.govdoc1151en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1352-2310en_AU
dc.identifier.issue2en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleAtmospheric Environmenten_AU
dc.identifier.pagination374-389en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.030en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/1491en_AU
dc.identifier.volume42en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevieren_AU
dc.subjectParticlesen_AU
dc.subjectFactorizationen_AU
dc.subjectAustraliaen_AU
dc.subjectAerosolsen_AU
dc.subjectHydrocarbonsen_AU
dc.subjectDustsen_AU
dc.titleApportionment of sources of fine and coarse particles in four major Australian cities by positive matrix factorisationen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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