Uranium

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dc.contributor.authorVandenhove, Hen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHurtgen, Cen_AU
dc.contributor.authorPayne, TEen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-07-20T04:05:32Zen_AU
dc.date.available2010-07-20T04:05:32Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2010-05en_AU
dc.date.statistics2010-05-01en_AU
dc.description.abstractThis article describes the occurrence, chemistry, and bioavailability of uranium (U) in terrestrial and aquatic environments, its analysis in environmental samples, and remedial measures applicable to uranium-contaminated water and soil. Uranium is widely distributed throughout the world. There are three main isotopes present in natural uranium, which comprises 234U (0.0055%), 235U (0.72%), and 238U (99.27%). Uranium can occur either in its reduced state (U(IV)), which is generally highly immobile, or in its more soluble and mobile (U(VI)) state. Uranium mobility and bioavailability are governed by oxidation state, complexation by organic and inorganic ligands, pH, sorption by minerals including clays and hydroxides, and interactions with organic matter. In uncontaminated surface waters uranium content is generally low (<1 ppb). Most groundwaters are low in uranium but the concentration range is large (<0.001–2600 ppb), resulting from the interaction of groundwater with naturally occurring uranium-bearing materials or anthropogenic contamination sources. Since groundwater is a major source for drinking water, various methods have been developed to remove uranium from potable water. Similar methods are applied in wastewater treatment. Extraction and processing of uranium ore or minerals containing natural radionuclides has resulted in the generation of waste streams. The major challenge associated with these contaminated waste streams, residues, or sites is typically the larger volumes of material and the relatively low specific activities. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.en_AU
dc.identifier.booktitleRadionuclides in the Environmenten_AU
dc.identifier.citationVandenhove, H., Hurtgen, C., & Payne, T. E. (2010). Uranium. In D. Atwood (Ed.), Radionuclides in the Environment, (pp. 261-272). Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.en_AU
dc.identifier.editorsD. A. Atwooden_AU
dc.identifier.govdoc1924en_AU
dc.identifier.isbn9780470714348en_AU
dc.identifier.pagination261-272en_AU
dc.identifier.placeofpublicationSomerset, UKen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/1824en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119951438.eibc0435en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sonsen_AU
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEncyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistryen_AU
dc.subjectUraniumen_AU
dc.subjectRadioisotopesen_AU
dc.subjectSeparation processesen_AU
dc.subjectSoilsen_AU
dc.subjectWateren_AU
dc.subjectAiren_AU
dc.titleUraniumen_AU
dc.typeBook chapteren_AU
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