Dose assessment for marine biota and humans from discharge of 131I to the marine environment and uptake by algae in Sydney, Australia.

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dc.contributor.authorVeliscek-Carolan, Jen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHughes, CEen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHoffmann, ELen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2009-11-24en_AU
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-30T04:56:48Zen_AU
dc.date.available2009-11-24en_AU
dc.date.available2010-04-30T04:56:48Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2008-11-24en_AU
dc.date.statistics2008-11-24en_AU
dc.description.abstractIodine-131 reaches the marine environment through its excretion to the sewer by nuclear medicine patients followed by discharge through coastal and deepwater outfalls. (131)I has been detected in macroalgae, which bio-accumulate iodine, growing near the coastal outfall of Cronulla sewage treatment plant (STP) since 1995. During this study, (131)I levels in liquid effluent and sludge from three Sydney STPs as well as in macroalgae (Ulva sp. and Ecklonia radiata) growing near their shoreline outfalls were measured. Concentration factors of 176 for Ulva sp. and 526 for E. radiata were derived. Radiation dose rates to marine biota from (131)I discharged to coastal waters calculated using the ERICA dose assessment tool were below the ERICA screening level of 10muGy/hr. Radiation dose rates to humans from immersion in seawater or consumption of Ulva sp. containing (131)I were three and two orders of magnitude below the IAEA screening level of 10muSv/year, respectively.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipSouth Pacific Environmental Radioactivity Association (SPERA)en_AU
dc.identifier.citationVeliscek-Carolan, J., Hughes, C. E., & Hoffmann, E. L. (2008). Dose assessment for marine biota and humans from discharge of 131I to the marine environment and uptake by algae in Sydney, Australia. Paper presented to the 10th Biennial SPERA Conference, 23rd – 27th November 2008. Christchurch, New Zealand: Coppertop Room, University of Canterbury.en_AU
dc.identifier.conferenceenddate28 November 2008en_AU
dc.identifier.conferencename10th Biennial SPERA Conferenceen_AU
dc.identifier.conferenceplaceChristchurch, New Zealanden_AU
dc.identifier.conferencestartdate24 November 2008en_AU
dc.identifier.govdoc1024en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/2470en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherSouth Pacific Environmental Radioactivity Associationen_AU
dc.subjectIodine 131en_AU
dc.subjectWaste processingen_AU
dc.subjectNuclear medicineen_AU
dc.subjectConcentration ratioen_AU
dc.subjectExcretionen_AU
dc.subjectPatientsen_AU
dc.titleDose assessment for marine biota and humans from discharge of 131I to the marine environment and uptake by algae in Sydney, Australia.en_AU
dc.typeConference Paperen_AU
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