Results of pipe bend analysis, Part XII: stresses in elbows with long tangents under out-of-plane bending

Abstract

Graphs of outside surface stress distributions are presented and numerical values of stresses on inside and outside surfaces tabulated for a wide range of 90 deg pipe bends with long tangent pipes subjected to out-of-plane bending. The calculations are based on linear thin shell theory. A computer program BENDPAC was designed to calculate the stresses in and the flexibility of pipe bends with tangents under in-plane or out-of-plane bending or flanged pipe bends under any loading.