Application of environmental isotopes of hydrogen (3H), Carbon (13C & 14C) and oxygen (16O/18O) in studies of groundwater-streamflow interactions

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dc.contributor.authorStone, DJMen_AU
dc.contributor.authorJacobsen, GEen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHughes, CEen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSzymczak, Ren_AU
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-17T05:34:56Zen_AU
dc.date.available2021-06-17T05:34:56Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2006en_AU
dc.date.statistics2021-03-12en_AU
dc.description.abstractA current major effort in Australian water management is the conjunctive management of hydraulically connected Groundwater and Surface water systems, to provide the maximum benefit to water stakeholders. In particular Australia has a legislative limit on the amount of surface water that can be utilised in a particular catchment, but that is not the case for Groundwater, leading to tension amongst users in connected systems. Valley and Murray-Darling Basin, NSW. Streamflow was sampled using a plastic bailer while groundwaters were withdrawn with the use of a Grundfos MP1 environmental sampling pump. They were analysed for stable isotopes ({sup 2}H/H, {sup 18}O/{sup 16}O) ratios, tritium ({sup 3}H), radiocarbon ({sup 14}C) and major and minor chemical species. Rainwaters were collected and analysed for stable isotopes only. Previous tritium in precipitation data were also utilised. Ion Chromatography was used for the analysis of the anions while either ICP-MS or ICP-AES was used for cations. The tritium analysis was carried out by standard procedures of electrolytic concentration and liquid scintillation counting. Analysis of the water samples for deuterium was conducted by CSIRO, Isotope Analysis laboratory using the zinc reduction method and a VG Isogas mass spectrometer (error; {+-} 0.8 per mille). Radiocarbon in groundwaters are measured using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The water samples are filtered to 45 {mu}m prior to CO{sub 2} collection. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is separated by acidifying the water samples with 85% phosphoric acid, the resulting CO{sub 2} is collected by sparging with He for 15 mins and cryogenic trapping. The CO{sub 2} is purified by heating overnight to 600 deg. C in the presence of Ag wire. Graphite targets are then prepared by the reduction of the CO{sub 2} using H{sub 2} with an Fe catalyst at 600 deg. C. The resulting graphite/iron mix is measured in the ANTARES 10MV Tandem Accelerator. The determination of oxygen-18 was conducted at the University of Wollongong using the CO{sub 2} gas equilibration method, purified using a Micromass Multiprep Unit and measured on a Micromass Prism III (error; {+-} 0.1 per mille). A plot of tritium activity versus borehole location and depth, indicates that the Brogo River (Bega Valley, NSW) is not recharging the adjacent alluvium since the tritium is much lower than in the streamwater. The Bega river however is recharging the adjacent alluvium, both above and below its confluence with the Brogo river, since tritium values are similar in stream and alluvium. Isotopes such as the stable and radioactive isotopes of water and carbon are particularly appropriate for the study of these connected water systems, providing a clear method of determining the source of groundwater, and hence the extent of mixing of nearby surface water (such as the local river), and the time frame for the mixing process. In particular the stable isotopes 2-H, 18-O, and 13-C provide a robust end-member analysis for the hydrographic separation of regional groundwater and any amount of river water which was replenished at a remote location; while the radioactive isotopes 3-H and 14-C are used to confirm the presence in groundwater of (isotopically modern) surface water, but also accurately determine the apparent rate of mixing at particular distances from the river. © The Authorsen_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipCo-sponsored by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP); International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO; Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée (CIESM)en_AU
dc.identifier.booktitleProceedings of an international conference held in Monaco, 25–29 October 2004 organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and co-sponsored by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, International Hydrological Programme of UNESCOen_AU
dc.identifier.citationStone, D., Jacobsen, G., Hughes, C., & Szymczak, R. (2005). Application of environmental isotopes of hydrogen (3H), Carbon (13C & 14C) and oxygen (16O/18O) in studies of groundwater-streamflow interactions. In Proccedings of an international conference held held in Monaco, 25–29 October 2004 organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and co-sponsored by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and the Commission Internationale pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée, "Isotopes in Environmental Studies Aquatic Forum 2004". (pp. 190-191). Retrieved from https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/CSP_26_web.pdfen_AU
dc.identifier.conferenceenddate29 October 2004en_AU
dc.identifier.conferencenameIsotopes in Environmental Studies Aquatic Forum 2004en_AU
dc.identifier.conferenceplaceMonacoen_AU
dc.identifier.conferencestartdate25 October 2004en_AU
dc.identifier.isbn92–0–111305–Xen_AU
dc.identifier.issn1562–4153en_AU
dc.identifier.otherIAEA-CSP-26en_AU
dc.identifier.pagination190-191en_AU
dc.identifier.placeofpublicationVienna, Austriaen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/CSP_26_web.pdfen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/10877en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherInternational Atomic Energy Agencyen_AU
dc.subjectGround wateren_AU
dc.subjectAustraliaen_AU
dc.subjectSurface watersen_AU
dc.subjectWatershedsen_AU
dc.subjectTritiumen_AU
dc.subjectIon exchange chromatographyen_AU
dc.subjectDeuteriumen_AU
dc.subjectSamplingen_AU
dc.titleApplication of environmental isotopes of hydrogen (3H), Carbon (13C & 14C) and oxygen (16O/18O) in studies of groundwater-streamflow interactionsen_AU
dc.typeConference Paperen_AU
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