Impure CO2 storage reactions of sandstone, mudstone and carbonate cemented cores: xxperimental CO2 SO2 NOX O2 reaction metal mobilisation and fate

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dc.contributor.authorPearce, JKen_AU
dc.contributor.authorDawson, GWen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBrink, Fen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSoutham, Gen_AU
dc.contributor.authorPaterson, DJen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHall, Nen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHeath, Ren_AU
dc.contributor.authorGreer, Den_AU
dc.contributor.authorKirste, Den_AU
dc.contributor.authorGolding, SDen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-05T23:21:24Zen_AU
dc.date.available2024-12-05T23:21:24Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2023-09-01en_AU
dc.date.statistics2024-11-26en_AU
dc.description.abstractCO2 geological storage can be part of the solution to reduce carbon emissions to the atmosphere. An understanding of the geochemical processes occurring during CO2 storage is needed to reduce risk. Drill cores from a low salinity reservoir site proposed for CO2 storage, and the overlying and underlying formations, were characterised for minerals by QEMSCAN, total metals and porosity. Elements including Li, Ba, Sr, K, Mg, V, Zn, REE, Fe, Pb, P, and S were relatively elevated in the Moolayember Formation underlying the reservoir. Synchrotron XFM showed the main host of Mn was siderite, with Rb in K-feldspar, Zn and Cu in sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and As in pyrite in coal pores associated with coal laminations. Drill cores are reacted at reservoir conditions with synthetic formation water and an impure CO2 stream composition of CO2-SOx-NOx-O2 expected to be injected at the site. Elements released were dependant on mineral content, with quartz rich reservoir, lower Precipice Sandstone core reactions resulting in dissolution of trace carbonates, alteration of sulphides and monazite, and variable elevated dissolved Pb, and U. Dissolved Co, Ni, Ca, Zn, Li, Rb, and U were released at relatively elevated concentrations from the mudstone. For carbonate cemented upper Precipice Sandstone or Moolayember Formation core strong dissolution of calcite and ankerite, with corrosion of siderite, Fe-rich chlorite, and sulphides or monazite were observed after reaction. Dissolved elements including Ca, Mg, Mn, Sr, and Ba increased in experiments from the reaction of calcite, siderite, and ankerite. Generally dissolved Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu, Co etc. increased from dissolution, and subsequently decreased in concentration with adsorption and precipitation processes. The fast mobilisation of elements including Fe and Pb are consistent with the release of metals from carbonate dissolution and desorption. The presence of O2 and NOX in the gas stream results in Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide precipitation especially where Fe has been rapidly mobilised from dissolution of siderite and Fe-chlorite. This acts as a sink for Fe and provides new adsorption sites for sequestering a proportion of the trace metals. These processes are applicable to other CO2 storage sites and potential leakage indicators in overlying drinking water aquifers. The findings are also more broadly applicable to subsurface energy storage such as compressed air renewable energy storage, CO2 enhanced recovery, geothermal, natural gas or hydrogen storage. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. - Open Access CC-BY.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipThis manuscript is dedicated to Rob Heath, his infectious enthusiasm for research and everything subsurface will be sorely missed. The authors wish to acknowledge financial assistance provided through Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development (ANLEC R&D). ANLEC R&D is supported by Low Emission Technology Australia (LETA) and the Australian Government through the Clean Energy Initiative. Part of this work was funded by ANLEC R&D projects 7-0115-0236, and 7-0919-0320. CTSCo Pty Ltd., are thanked for access to West Wandoan 1 well core, data, and constructive discussions. The UQ Environmental Geochemistry laboratory is thanked for analyses. Part of this research was undertaken on the XFM beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO. This relates to AS183/XFM/13906 “Natural mineral trapping of regulated metals from groundwater by long term CO2-fluid-rock interactions”. We acknowledge travel funding provided by the International Synchrotron Access Program (ISAP) managed by the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO, and funded by the Australian Government. We acknowledge the facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance, of the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland. Initial QEMSCAN images of WW1 Moolayember Fm were performed by S. Silvano at ANU. MLA images of WC well Moolayember Fm were performed at the UQ JKMRC centre.en_AU
dc.identifier.articlenumber104352en_AU
dc.identifier.citationPearce, J. K., Dawson, G. W., Brink, F., Southam, G., Paterson, D., Hall, N., Heath, R., Greer, D., Kirste, D., & Golding, S. D. (2023). Impure CO2 storage reactions of sandstone, mudstone and carbonate cemented cores: experimental CO2 SO2 NOX O2 reaction metal mobilisation and fate. International Journal of Coal Geology, 277, 104352. doi:10.1016/j.coal.2023.104352en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0166-5162en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleInternational Journal of Coal Geologyen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104352en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/handle/10238/15793en_AU
dc.identifier.volume277en_AU
dc.languageEnglishen_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevieren_AU
dc.subjectNobeliumen_AU
dc.subjectCobalten_AU
dc.subjectCarbon dioxideen_AU
dc.subjectSulfur dioxideen_AU
dc.subjectNitrogen dioxideen_AU
dc.subjectMetalsen_AU
dc.subjectSandstonesen_AU
dc.subjectCarbonatesen_AU
dc.subjectSalinityen_AU
dc.subjectChalcopyriteen_AU
dc.subjectQueenslanden_AU
dc.subjectAustraliaen_AU
dc.subjectWateren_AU
dc.titleImpure CO2 storage reactions of sandstone, mudstone and carbonate cemented cores: xxperimental CO2 SO2 NOX O2 reaction metal mobilisation and fateen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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