Mechanisms of uptake and translocation of thallium in brassica vegetables: an x‑ray fluorescence microspectroscopic investigation

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dc.contributor.authorCorzo-Remigio, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHarris, HHen_AU
dc.contributor.authorKidman, CJen_AU
dc.contributor.authorNkrumah, PNen_AU
dc.contributor.authorCasey, LWen_AU
dc.contributor.authorPaterson, DJen_AU
dc.contributor.authorEdraki, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorvan der Ent, Aen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-03T23:17:58Zen_AU
dc.date.available2024-10-03T23:17:58Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2024-01-02en_AU
dc.date.statistics2024-09-13en_AU
dc.description.abstractMost nonoccupational human exposure to thallium (Tl) occurs via consumption of contaminated food crops. Brassica cultivars are common crops that can accumulate more than 500 μg Tl g–1. Knowledge of Tl uptake and translocation mechanisms in Brassica cultivars is fundamental to developing methods to inhibit Tl uptake or conversely for potential use in phytoremediation of polluted soils. Brassica cultivars (25 in total) were subjected to Tl dosing to screen for Tl accumulation. Seven high Tl-accumulating varieties were selected for follow-up Tl dosing experiments. The highest Tl accumulating Brassica cultivars were analyzed by synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence to investigate the Tl distribution and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) to unravel Tl chemical speciation. The cultivars exhibited different Tl tolerance and accumulation patterns with some reaching up to 8300 μg Tl g–1. The translocation factors for all the cultivars were >1 with Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) having the highest translocation factor of 167. In this cultivar, Tl is preferentially localized in the venules toward the apex and along the foliar margins and in minute hot spots in the leaf blade. This study revealed through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence analysis that highly Tl-enriched crystals occur in the stoma openings of the leaves. The finding is further validated by XANES spectra that show that Tl(I) dominates in the aqueous as well as in the solid form. The high accumulation of Tl in these Brassica crops has important implications for food safety and results of this study help to understand the mechanisms of Tl uptake and translocation in these crops. © 2024 American Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was undertaken on the X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO. The microXRF analysis was undertaken at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM) at the University of Queensland, Australia. We acknowledge support of Microscopy Australia at the Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis at the University of Queensland. We thank Enzo Lombi for providing XANES spectra of thallium compounds for comparison.en_AU
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronicen_AU
dc.identifier.citationCorzo-Remigio, A., Harris, H. H., Kidman, C. J., Nkrumah, P. N., Casey, L. W., Paterson, D. J., Edraki, M., & van der Ent, A. (2024). Mechanisms of uptake and translocation of thallium in brassica vegetables: an x‑ray fluorescence microspectroscopic investigation. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(5), 2373-2383. doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c08113en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0013-936Xen_AU
dc.identifier.issn1520-5851en_AU
dc.identifier.issue5en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleEnvironmental Science and Technologyen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination2373-2383en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c08113en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/handle/10238/15722en_AU
dc.identifier.volume58en_AU
dc.languageEnglishen_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.subjectCropsen_AU
dc.subjectCultivationen_AU
dc.subjectHealth hazardsen_AU
dc.subjectThalliumen_AU
dc.subjectTranslocationen_AU
dc.subjectSpectroscopyen_AU
dc.subjectFluorescenceen_AU
dc.titleMechanisms of uptake and translocation of thallium in brassica vegetables: an x‑ray fluorescence microspectroscopic investigationen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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