A validated Geant4 model of a whole-body PET scanner with four-layer DOI detectors

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dc.contributor.authorAhmed, AMen_AU
dc.contributor.authorChacon, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorRutherford, Hen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAkamatsu, Gen_AU
dc.contributor.authorMohammadi, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorNishikido, Fen_AU
dc.contributor.authorTashima, Hen_AU
dc.contributor.authorYoshida, Een_AU
dc.contributor.authorYamaya, Ten_AU
dc.contributor.authorFranklin, DRen_AU
dc.contributor.authorRosenfeld, ABen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGuatelli, Sen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSafavi-Naeini, Men_AU
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-13T02:45:50Zen_AU
dc.date.available2025-01-13T02:45:50Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2020-12-07en_AU
dc.date.statistics2024-10-16en_AU
dc.description.abstractThe purpose of this work is to develop a validated Geant4 simulation model of a whole-body prototype PET scanner constructed from the four-layer depth-of-interaction detectors developed at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan. The simulation model emulates the behaviour of the unique depth of interaction sensing capability of the scanner without needing to directly simulate optical photon transport in the scintillator and photodetector modules. The model was validated by evaluating and comparing performance metrics from the NEMA NU 2-2012 protocol on both the simulated and physical scanner, including spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, noise equivalent count rates and image quality. The results show that the average sensitivities of the scanner in the field-of-view were 5.9 cps kBq−1 and 6.0 cps kBq−1 for experiment and simulation, respectively. The average spatial resolutions measured for point sources placed at several radial offsets were 5.2± 0.7 mm and 5.0± 0.8 mm FWHM for experiment and simulation, respectively. The peak NECR was 22.9 kcps at 7.4 kBq ml−1 for the experiment, while the NECR obtained via simulation was 23.3 kcps at the same activity. The scatter fractions were 44% and 41.3% for the experiment and simulation, respectively. Contrast recovery estimates performed in different regions of a simulated image quality phantom matched the experimental results with an average error of -8.7% and +3.4% for hot and cold lesions, respectively. The results demonstrate that the developed Geant4 model reliably reproduces the key NEMA NU 2-2012 performance metrics evaluated on the prototype PET scanner. A simplified version of the model is included as an advanced example in Geant4 version 10.5. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to acknowledge the following organisations for providing access to their high performance computing resources: the Multi-modal Australian Sciences Imaging and Visualisation Environment (MASSIVE) 'M3' cluster and the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) 'Commodore' cluster. This research was undertaken with the assistance of resources from the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI Australia), an NCRIS-enabled capability supported by the Australian Government. The authors acknowledge the scientific and technical assistance of the National Imaging Facility, a National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) capability, at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, ANSTO.en_AU
dc.format.mediumElectronicen_AU
dc.identifier.citationAhmed, A. M., Chacon, A., Rutherford, H., Akamatsu, G., Mohammadi, A., Nishikido, F., Tashima, H., Yoshida, E., Yamaya, T., Franklin, D. R., Rosenfeld, A., Guatelli, S., & Safavi-Naeini, M. (2020). A validated Geant4 model of a whole-body PET scanner with four-layer DOI detectors. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 65(23), 235051. doi:10.1088/1361-6560/abaa24en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0031-9155en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1361-6560en_AU
dc.identifier.issue23en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitlePhysics in Medicine and Biologyen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/abaa24en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/handle/10238/15928en_AU
dc.identifier.volume65en_AU
dc.languageengen_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherIOP Publishingen_AU
dc.relation.uri235051en_AU
dc.subjectRadiologyen_AU
dc.subjectSimulationen_AU
dc.subjectPhotonsen_AU
dc.subjectPhotodetectorsen_AU
dc.subjectScintillationsen_AU
dc.subjectPhantomsen_AU
dc.subjectPositron computed tomographyen_AU
dc.subjectNuclear medicineen_AU
dc.subjectImagesen_AU
dc.titleA validated Geant4 model of a whole-body PET scanner with four-layer DOI detectorsen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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