Metal Mobilization From CO2 Storage Cap-Rocks: Experimental Reactions With Pure CO2 or CO2 SO2 NO

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dc.contributor.authorPearce, JKen_AU
dc.contributor.authorDawson, GWen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSoutham, Gen_AU
dc.contributor.authorPaterson, Den_AU
dc.contributor.authorKirste, Den_AU
dc.contributor.authorGolding, SDen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-11T07:36:08Zen_AU
dc.date.available2025-03-11T07:36:08Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2022-07-14en_AU
dc.date.statistics2024-11-15en_AU
dc.description.abstractCO2 geological storage will be needed as part of the transition to lower greenhouse gas emissions. During CO2 storage, the mobilization of metals from minerals to formation water via CO2 water rock reactions may be a concern for water quality. The sources, behavior, and fate of metals, however, are not well understood. Metals in minerals of calcite cemented sandstone, feldspar-rich sandstone, and ironstone seal drill cores from a target storage site were characterized. The cores were reacted with low-salinity water and pure supercritical CO2 or impure CO2 with SO2 and nitric oxide (NO), under reservoir conditions. Calcite cemented core underwent calcite dissolution with chlorite, plagioclase, and sulfide alteration. The highest concentrations of calcium and manganese were released in the reaction of calcite cemented sandstone seal, with the lowest mobilized arsenic concentration. Pure CO2 reaction of the feldspar-rich sandstone seal resulted in calcite dissolution, with plagioclase, chlorite, kaolinite, illite, and sulfides corroded. Impure CO2 reaction of the feldspar-rich sandstone led to additional corrosion of apatite, pyrite, and sphalerite cements. Generally, dissolved iron, lead, zinc, and arsenic were released and then re-precipitated in oxide minerals or adsorbed. Calcium, manganese, and strontium were released primarily from calcite cement dissolution. Plagioclase corrosion was a second source of dissolved strontium, and chlorite dissolution a second source of manganese. Although sulfides contained higher concentrations of metals, the higher reactivity of carbonates meant that the latter were the main sources contributing to dissolved metal concentrations. The mineral content of the seal cores, and the injected gas mixture, had an impact on the type and concentration of metals released. The ubiquitous presence of carbonate minerals means that this study is applicable to understanding the potential risk factors for water quality changes, and the mobilization and fate of environmentally regulated metals, in both CO2 storage complexes and overlying drinking water aquifers worldwide. Copyright © 2022 Pearce, Dawson, Southam, Paterson, Kirste and Golding. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).en_AU
dc.identifier.articlenumber873813en_AU
dc.identifier.citationPearce, J.K., Dawson, G.W., Southam G., Paterson, D.J., Kirste, D. & Golding, S.D. (2022). Metal Mobilization From CO2 Storage Cap-Rocks: Experimental Reactions With Pure CO2 or CO2 SO2 NO. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 873813. doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.873813en_AU
dc.identifier.issn2296-598Xen_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleFrontiers in Energy Researchen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.873813en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/handle/10238/16045en_AU
dc.identifier.volume10en_AU
dc.publisherFrontiersen_AU
dc.subjectMetalsen_AU
dc.subjectCarbon dioxideen_AU
dc.subjectSulfur dioxideen_AU
dc.subjectNobeliumen_AU
dc.subjectRocksen_AU
dc.subjectGeologyen_AU
dc.subjectStorageen_AU
dc.subjectGreenhouse gasesen_AU
dc.subjectMineralsen_AU
dc.subjectWater qualityen_AU
dc.subjectSandstonesen_AU
dc.subjectDrill coresen_AU
dc.subjectNitric oxideen_AU
dc.titleMetal Mobilization From CO2 Storage Cap-Rocks: Experimental Reactions With Pure CO2 or CO2 SO2 NOen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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