Tracking down carbon inputs underground from an arid zone Australian calcrete

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dc.contributor.authorSaccò, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorBlyth, AJen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHumphreys, WFen_AU
dc.contributor.authorMiddleton, JAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorWhite, NEen_AU
dc.contributor.authorCampbell, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorMousavi-Derazmahalleh, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorLaini, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHua, Qen_AU
dc.contributor.authorMeredith, KTen_AU
dc.contributor.authorCooper, SJBen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGriebler, Cen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAllard, Sen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGrierson, Pen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGrice, Ken_AU
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-30T03:53:45Zen_AU
dc.date.available2021-07-30T03:53:45Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2020-08-28en_AU
dc.date.statistics2021-07-20en_AU
dc.descriptionThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_AU
dc.description.abstractFreshwater ecosystems play a key role in shaping the global carbon cycle and maintaining the ecological balance that sustains biodiversity worldwide. Surficial water bodies are often interconnected with groundwater, forming a physical continuum, and their interaction has been reported as a crucial driver for organic matter (OM) inputs in groundwater systems. However, despite the growing concerns related to increasing anthropogenic pressure and effects of global change to groundwater environments, our understanding of the dynamics regulating subterranean carbon flows is still sparse. We traced carbon composition and transformations in an arid zone calcrete aquifer using a novel multidisciplinary approach that combined isotopic analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) (δ13CDOC, δ13CDIC, 14CDOC and 14CDIC) with fluorescence spectroscopy (Chromophoric Dissolved OM (CDOM) characterisation) and metabarcoding analyses (taxonomic and functional genomics on bacterial 16S rRNA). To compare dynamics linked to potential aquifer recharge processes, water samples were collected from two boreholes under contrasting rainfall: low rainfall ((LR), dry season) and high rainfall ((HR), wet season). Our isotopic results indicate limited changes and dominance of modern terrestrial carbon in the upper part (northeast) of the bore field, but correlation between HR and increased old and 13C-enriched DOC in the lower area (southwest). CDOM results show a shift from terrestrially to microbially derived compounds after rainfall in the same lower field bore, which was also sampled for microbial genetics. Functional genomic results showed increased genes coding for degradative pathways—dominated by those related to aromatic compound metabolisms—during HR. Our results indicate that rainfall leads to different responses in different parts of the bore field, with an increase in old carbon sources and microbial processing in the lower part of the field. We hypothesise that this may be due to increasing salinity, either due to mobilisation of Cl- from the soil, or infiltration from the downstream salt lake during HR. This study is the first to use a multi-technique assessment using stable and radioactive isotopes together with functional genomics to probe the principal organic biogeochemical pathways regulating an arid zone calcrete system. Further investigations involving extensive sampling from diverse groundwater ecosystems will allow better understanding of the microbiological pathways sustaining the ecological functioning of subterranean biota. © 2020 Saccò et alen_AU
dc.identifier.articlenumbere0237730en_AU
dc.identifier.citationSaccò, M., Blyth, A. J., Humphreys, W. F., Middleton, J. A., White, N. E., Campbell, M., Mousavi-Derazmahalleh, M., Laini, A., Hua, Q., Meredith, K., Cooper, S. J. B., Griebler, C., Allard, S., Grierson, P. & Grice, K. (2020). Tracking down carbon inputs underground from an arid zone Australian calcrete. PLOS ONE, 15(8), e0237730. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237730en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en_AU
dc.identifier.issue8en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitlePLOS ONEen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237730en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/11178en_AU
dc.identifier.volume15en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science (PLOS)en_AU
dc.subjectCalcretesen_AU
dc.subjectArid landsen_AU
dc.subjectUndergrounden_AU
dc.subjectAquatic ecosystemsen_AU
dc.subjectCarbon cycleen_AU
dc.subjectEcological balanceen_AU
dc.subjectAustraliaen_AU
dc.subjectWestern Australiaen_AU
dc.titleTracking down carbon inputs underground from an arid zone Australian calcreteen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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