A quantitative assessment of Geant4 for predicting the yield and distribution of positron-emitting fragments in ion beam therapy

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dc.contributor.authorChacon, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorRutherford, Hen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHamato, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorNitta, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorNishikido, Fen_AU
dc.contributor.authorIwao, Yen_AU
dc.contributor.authorTashima, Hen_AU
dc.contributor.authorYoshida, Een_AU
dc.contributor.authorAkamatsu, Gen_AU
dc.contributor.authorTakyu, Sen_AU
dc.contributor.authorKang, HGen_AU
dc.contributor.authorFranklin, DRen_AU
dc.contributor.authorParodi, Ken_AU
dc.contributor.authorYamaya, Ten_AU
dc.contributor.authorRosenfeld, ABen_AU
dc.contributor.authorGuatelli, Sen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSafavi-Naeini, Men_AU
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-20T02:11:10Zen_AU
dc.date.available2024-12-20T02:11:10Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2024-06-21en_AU
dc.date.statistics2024-10-30en_AU
dc.description.abstractObjective. To compare the accuracy with which different hadronic inelastic physics models across ten Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit versions can predict positron-emitting fragments produced along the beam path during carbon and oxygen ion therapy. Approach. Phantoms of polyethylene, gelatin, or poly(methyl methacrylate) were irradiated with monoenergetic carbon and oxygen ion beams. Post-irradiation, 4D PET images were acquired and parent 11C, 10C and 15O radionuclides contributions in each voxel were determined from the extracted time activity curves. Next, the experimental configurations were simulated in Geant4 Monte Carlo versions 10.0 to 11.1, with three different fragmentation models—binary ion cascade (BIC), quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) and the Liege intranuclear cascade (INCL++) - 30 model-version combinations. Total positron annihilation and parent isotope production yields predicted by each simulation were compared between simulations and experiments using normalised mean squared error and Pearson cross-correlation coefficient. Finally, we compared the depth of the maximum positron annihilation yield and the distal point at which the positron yield decreases to 50% of peak between each model and the experimental results. Main results. Performance varied considerably across versions and models, with no one version/model combination providing the best prediction of all positron-emitting fragments in all evaluated target materials and irradiation conditions. BIC in Geant4 10.2 provided the best overall agreement with experimental results in the largest number of test cases. QMD consistently provided the best estimates of both the depth of peak positron yield (10.4 and 10.6) and the distal 50%-of-peak point (10.2), while BIC also performed well and INCL generally performed the worst across most Geant4 versions. Significance. The best predictions of the spatial distribution of positron annihilations and positron-emitting fragment production along the beam path during carbon and oxygen ion therapy was obtained using Geant4 10.2.p03 with BIC or QMD. These version/model combinations are recommended for future heavy ion therapy research. © 2024 The Author(s). Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd - Open Access - Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to acknowledge the following organisations for providing access to their high-performance computing resources: the Multi-modal Australian Sciences Imaging and Visualisation Environment (MASSIVE) 'M3' cluster and Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) 'Tesla' cluster. This research has been conducted with the support of the Australian government research training program scholarship. The authors acknowledge the scientific and technical assistance of the National Imaging Facility, a National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) capability at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, ANSTO.en_AU
dc.format.mediumElectronicen_AU
dc.identifier.articlenumber125015en_AU
dc.identifier.citationChacon, A., Rutherford, H., Hamato, A., Nitta, M., Nishikido, F., Iwao, Y., Tashima, H., Yoshida, E., Akamatsu, G., Takyu, S., Kang, H. G., Franklin, D. R., Parodi, K., Yamaya, T., Rosenfeld, A., Guatelli, S., & Safavi-Naeini, M. (2024). A quantitative assessment of Geant4 for predicting the yield and distribution of positron-emitting fragments in ion beam therapy. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 69(12), 125015. doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ad4f48en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0031-9155en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1361-6560en_AU
dc.identifier.issue12en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitlePhysics in Medicine and Biologyen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad4f48en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/handle/10238/15846en_AU
dc.identifier.volume69en_AU
dc.languageengen_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherIOP Publishingen_AU
dc.subjectPositronsen_AU
dc.subjectIon beamsen_AU
dc.subjectPhysicsen_AU
dc.subjectMonte Carlo Methoden_AU
dc.subjectSimulationen_AU
dc.subjectCarbonen_AU
dc.subjectOxygenen_AU
dc.subjectPolyethylenesen_AU
dc.subjectIsotopesen_AU
dc.subjectNeoplasmsen_AU
dc.subjectDose ratesen_AU
dc.subjectQuality assuranceen_AU
dc.subjectPositron computed tomographyen_AU
dc.titleA quantitative assessment of Geant4 for predicting the yield and distribution of positron-emitting fragments in ion beam therapyen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-05-22en_AU
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