Beneficial effect of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals on sulfuric acid baking and leaching of monazite

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dc.contributor.authorDemol, Jen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHo, Een_AU
dc.contributor.authorSoldenhoff, KHen_AU
dc.contributor.authorKaratchevtseva, Ien_AU
dc.contributor.authorSenanayake, Gen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-13T01:53:18Zen_AU
dc.date.available2023-01-13T01:53:18Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2022-05en_AU
dc.date.statistics2022-05-27en_AU
dc.description.abstractThe sulfuric acid bake/leach process is an established industrial process for the extraction of rare earths from hard-rock monazite ores/concentrates. The chemical reactions in the monazite acid bake can be strongly influenced by the gangue mineralogy of the ore/concentrate. In this work, the beneficial effect of three iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, namely hematite, goethite and magnetite, added to high grade monazite concentrate in the acid bake (temperature range of 200–800°) and leach process was investigated to understand the role of iron gangue. Baked solids and leach residues were characterised by elemental analyses, XRD, SEM-EDS and FT-IR. It was found that the addition of iron minerals to the monazite acid bake had a significant impact on bake chemistry, acting to significantly increase the leaching of both the rare earth elements and thorium, compared to monazite alone, mainly for temperatures above 300 °C. The increased dissolution of rare earth elements and thorium was attributed to the formation of an amorphous and insoluble iron sulfate-polyphosphate type phase in preference to insoluble rare earth and thorium containing polyphosphates identified during acid baking of monazite alone. After baking at 650 °C, the iron sulfate-polyphosphate type phase was altered to a more soluble form, leading to an increase in dissolution of iron, phosphorus and thorium. Acid baking at 800 °C led to the formation of FePO4, Fe2O3, CePO4 (monazite) and in some cases CeO2, causing a decrease in leaching of rare earths and thorium, and either an increase or a decrease in leaching of iron and phosphorus depending on the formation of FePO4 versus Fe2O3. Crown Copyright © 2022 Published by Elsevier B. V.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to thank the following ANSTO scientists and personnel: Brian Young and Kathryn Prince for assistance with QEMSCAN analyses, Chris Griffith for assistance with TG-DSC analyses, the analytical team at ANSTO Minerals for providing ICP-OES, ICP-MS and XRF analyses and Gordon Thorogood for assistance with XRD analyses. This work was funded by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) scholarship to John Demol for PhD research through Murdoch University and by ANSTO Minerals and carried out at ANSTO.en_AU
dc.identifier.articlenumber105864en_AU
dc.identifier.citationDemol, J., Ho, E., Soldenhoff, K., Karatchevtseva, I., & Senanayake, G. (2022). Beneficial effect of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals on sulfuric acid baking and leaching of monazite. Hydrometallurgy, 211, 105864. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2022.105864en_AU
dc.identifier.issn0304-386Xen_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleHydrometallurgyen_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2022.105864en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/14342en_AU
dc.identifier.volume211en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevier B. V.en_AU
dc.subjectIron oxidesen_AU
dc.subjectHydroxidesen_AU
dc.subjectMineralsen_AU
dc.subjectSulfuric aciden_AU
dc.subjectLeachingen_AU
dc.subjectMonazitesen_AU
dc.subjectRare earthsen_AU
dc.subjectThoriumen_AU
dc.subjectSulfationen_AU
dc.subjectGoethiteen_AU
dc.subjectHematiteen_AU
dc.subjectMagnetiteen_AU
dc.subjectX-ray diffractionen_AU
dc.titleBeneficial effect of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals on sulfuric acid baking and leaching of monaziteen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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