The effects of climate change on the Pleistocene rock art of Sulawesi

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dc.contributor.authorHuntley, Jen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAubert, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorOktaviana, AAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorLebe, Ren_AU
dc.contributor.authorHakim, Ben_AU
dc.contributor.authorBurhan, Ben_AU
dc.contributor.authorMuhammed Aksa, Len_AU
dc.contributor.authorMade Geria, Ien_AU
dc.contributor.authorRamli, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorSiagian, Len_AU
dc.contributor.authorBrand, HEAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBrumm, Aen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-21T00:51:44Zen_AU
dc.date.available2021-10-21T00:51:44Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2021-05-13en_AU
dc.date.statistics2021-10-20en_AU
dc.description.abstractThe equatorial tropics house some of the earliest rock art yet known, and it is weathering at an alarming rate. Here we present evidence for haloclasty (salt crystallisation) from Pleistocene-aged rock art panels at 11 sites in the Maros-Pangkep limestone karsts of southern Sulawesi. We show how quickly rock art panels have degraded in recent decades, contending that climate-catalysed salt efflorescence is responsible for increasing exfoliation of the limestone cave surfaces that house the ~ 45 to 20-thousand-year-old paintings. These artworks are located in the world’s most atmospherically dynamic region, the Australasian monsoon domain. The rising frequency and severity of El Niño-induced droughts from anthropogenic climate change (that is, higher ambient temperatures and more consecutive dry days), combined with seasonal moisture injected via monsoonal rains retained as standing water in the rice fields and aquaculture ponds of the region, increasingly provide ideal conditions for evaporation and haloclasty, accelerating rock art deterioration. © 2021 The Authors. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licenseen_AU
dc.identifier.citationHuntley, J., Aubert, M., Oktaviana, A. A., Lebe, R., Hakim, B., Burhan, B., Muhammed Aksa, L., Made Geria, I., Ramli, M., Siagian, L., Brand, H. E. A. & Brumm, A. (2021). The effects of climate change on the Pleistocene rock art of Sulawesi. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-10. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87923-3en_AU
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322en_AU
dc.identifier.issue1en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleScientific reportsen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination45200en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87923-3en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/12028en_AU
dc.identifier.volume11en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_AU
dc.subjectCultural objectsen_AU
dc.subjectIndonesiaen_AU
dc.subjectPleistocene epochen_AU
dc.subjectClimatic changeen_AU
dc.subjectSouthern Oscillationen_AU
dc.subjectMonsoonsen_AU
dc.subjectSaltsen_AU
dc.subjectCrystallizationen_AU
dc.titleThe effects of climate change on the Pleistocene rock art of Sulawesien_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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