Cyst and radionuclide evidence demonstrate historic Gymnodinium catenatum dinoflagellate populations in Manukau and Hokianga Harbours, New Zealand

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dc.contributor.authorIrwin, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHallegraeff, GMen_AU
dc.contributor.authorMcMinn, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHarrison, JJen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHeijnis, Hen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-02T05:03:31Zen_AU
dc.date.available2022-12-02T05:03:31Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2003-03en_AU
dc.date.statistics2022-11-02en_AU
dc.description.abstractBetween May 2000 and February 2001, a major bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (a causative organism of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning, PSP) affected over 1500 km of coastline of New Zealand’s North Island. As this was the first record of this species in New Zealand, we aimed to resolve whether this represented a recent introduction/spreading event or perhaps an indigenous cryptic species stimulated by environmental/climatic change. To answer this question, we analysed for G. catenatum resting cysts in 210Pb dated sediment cores (18–34 cm long; sedimentation rates 0.34–0.69 cm per year) collected by SCUBA divers from Manukau Harbour, where the species was first detected, and from Hokianga Harbour, where the highest shellfish toxicity was recorded, while using Wellington Harbour as a well-monitored control site. The results of this study conclusively demonstrate that abundant G. catenatum has been in northern New Zealand at least since the early 1980s, increasing up to 1200 cysts/g around the year 2000, but with low cyst concentrations possibly present since at least 1937. In contrast, Wellington Harbour cores contained only very sparse G. catenatum cysts (8 cysts/g), present only to a depth of 7 cm (surface mixed layer depth), reflecting an apparent recent range expansion of this dinoflagellate in New Zealand, possibly stimulated by unusual climatic conditions associated with the 2000 La Nina event. The significant increases since the early 1980s also of Protoperidinium cysts at Hokianga Harbour and of Gonyaulax, Protoperidinium and Protoceratium cysts at Manukau Harbour suggest a broad scale environmental change has occurred in Northland, New Zealand. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.Ven_AU
dc.identifier.citationIrwin, A., Hallegraeff, G. M., McMinn, A., Harrison, J., & Heijnis, H. (2003). Cyst and radionuclide evidence demonstrate historic Gymnodinium catenatum dinoflagellate populations in Manukau and Hokianga Harbours, New Zealand. Harmful Algae, 2(1), 61-74. doi:10.1016/S1568-9883(02)00084-7en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1568-9883en_AU
dc.identifier.issue1en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleHarmful Algaeen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination61-74en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-9883(02)00084-7en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/14134en_AU
dc.identifier.volume2en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherElsevieren_AU
dc.subjectFishesen_AU
dc.subjectDinoflagellateen_AU
dc.subjectCystsen_AU
dc.subjectSedimentsen_AU
dc.subjectDrill coresen_AU
dc.subjectAlgaeen_AU
dc.subjectRadioisotopesen_AU
dc.subjectEstuariesen_AU
dc.subjectNew Zealanden_AU
dc.titleCyst and radionuclide evidence demonstrate historic Gymnodinium catenatum dinoflagellate populations in Manukau and Hokianga Harbours, New Zealanden_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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