Characterization of in situ cosmogenic 14CO production, retention and loss in firn and shallow ice at summit, Greenland

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dc.contributor.authorHmiel, Ben_AU
dc.contributor.authorPetrenko, VVen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBuizert, Cen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSmith, AMen_AU
dc.contributor.authorDyonisius, MNen_AU
dc.contributor.authorPlace, PFen_AU
dc.contributor.authorYang, Ben_AU
dc.contributor.authorHua, Qen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBeaudette, Ren_AU
dc.contributor.authorSeveringhaus, JPen_AU
dc.contributor.authorHarth, CMen_AU
dc.contributor.authorWeiss, RFen_AU
dc.contributor.authorDavidge, Len_AU
dc.contributor.authorDiaz, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorPacicco, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorMenking, JAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorKalk, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorFaïn, Xen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAdolph, Aen_AU
dc.contributor.authorVimont, Ien_AU
dc.contributor.authorMurray, LTen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-12T22:07:04Zen_AU
dc.date.available2024-12-12T22:07:04Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2024-07-25en_AU
dc.date.statistics2024-11-15en_AU
dc.description.abstractMeasurements of carbon-14-containing carbon monoxide (14CO) in glacial ice are useful for studies of the past oxidative capacity of the atmosphere as well as for reconstructing the past cosmic ray flux. The 14CO abundance in glacial ice represents the combination of trapped atmospheric 14CO and in situ cosmogenic 14CO. The systematics of in situ cosmogenic 14CO production and retention in ice are not fully quantified, posing an obstacle to interpretation of ice core 14CO measurements. Here we provide the first comprehensive characterization of 14CO at an ice accumulation site (Summit, Greenland), including measurements in the ice grains of the firn matrix, firn air and bubbly ice below the firn zone. The results are interpreted with the aid of a firn gas transport model into which we implemented in situ cosmogenic 14C. We find that almost all (≈ 99.5 %) of in situ 14CO that is produced in the ice grains in firn is very rapidly (in <1 year) lost to the open porosity and from there mostly vented to the atmosphere. The timescale of this rapid loss is consistent with what is expected from gas diffusion through ice. The small fraction of in situ 14CO that initially stays in the ice grains continues to slowly leak out to the open porosity at a rate of ≈ 0.6 % yr−1. Below the firn zone we observe an increase in 14CO content with depth that is due to in situ 14CO production by deep-penetrating muons, confirming recent estimates of 14CO production rates in ice via the muon mechanisms and allowing for narrowing constraints on these production rates. © Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research has been supported by a US NSF award (grant no. ARC-1203779 to Vasilii V. Petrenko) and the Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering (to Vasilii V. Petrenko).en_AU
dc.identifier.citationHmiel, B., Petrenko, V. V., Buizert, C., Smith, A. M., Dyonisius, M. N., Place, P., Yang, B., Hua, Q., Beaudette, R., Severinghaus, J. P., Harth, C., Weiss, R. F., Davidge, L., Diaz, M., Pacicco, M., Menking, J. A., Kalk, M., Faïn, X., Adolph, A., Vimont, I., & Murray, L. T. (2024). Characterization of in situ cosmogenic 14CO production, retention and loss in firn and shallow ice at Summit, Greenland. The Cryosphere, 18(7), 3363-3382. doi:10.5194/tc-18-3363-2024en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1994-0416en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1994-0424en_AU
dc.identifier.issue7en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleThe Cryosphereen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination3363-3382en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3363-2024en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/handle/10238/15816en_AU
dc.identifier.volume18en_AU
dc.languageEnglishen_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherCopernicus Publicationsen_AU
dc.subjectGreenlanden_AU
dc.subjectIceen_AU
dc.subjectCobalten_AU
dc.subjectCarbon monoxideen_AU
dc.subjectGasesen_AU
dc.subjectAtmospheresen_AU
dc.titleCharacterization of in situ cosmogenic 14CO production, retention and loss in firn and shallow ice at summit, Greenlanden_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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