Structural evolution and stability of Sc2(WO4)3 after discharge in a sodium-based electrochemical cell

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dc.contributor.authorAndersen, HLen_AU
dc.contributor.authorAl Bahri, OKen_AU
dc.contributor.authorTsarev, Sen_AU
dc.contributor.authorJohannessen, Ben_AU
dc.contributor.authorSchulz, Ben_AU
dc.contributor.authorLiu, JNen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBrand, HEAen_AU
dc.contributor.authorChristensen, Men_AU
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Nen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-06T20:07:52Zen_AU
dc.date.available2021-12-06T20:07:52Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2017-12-13en_AU
dc.date.statistics2021-11-05en_AU
dc.description.abstractSc2(WO4)3, prepared by solid state synthesis and constructed as an electrode, is discharged to different states in half-cell batteries, versus a Na negative electrode. The structural evolution of the Na-containing electrodes is studied with synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) revealing an increase in microstrain and a gradual amorphization taking place with increasing Na content in the electrode. This indicates that a conversion reaction takes place in the electrochemical cell. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the tungsten L3 absorption edge shows a reduction in the tungsten oxidation state. Variable temperature (VT) PXRD shows that the Sc2(WO4)3 electrode remains relatively stable at higher temperatures, while the Na-containing samples undergo a number of phase transitions and/or turn amorphous above ∼400 °C. Although, Sc2(WO4)3 is a negative thermal expansion (NTE) material only a subtle change of the thermal expansion is found below 400 °C for the Na-containing electrodes. This work shows the complexity in employing an electrochemical cell to produce Na-containing Sc2(WO4)3 and the subsequent phase transitions. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry.en_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipWe are very grateful to Prof. John Evans (Durham University) for his insightful comments, mentorship throughout this project and use of the department's Bruker D8. Neeraj Sharma would like to thank the Royal Society of Chemistry for the travel funds to visit Durham University under the Researcher Mobility Scheme. This work was financially supported by the Australian Research Council, grants DE160100237/DP170100269. Henrik L. Andersen is grateful for the financial support received from Innovation Fund Denmark, Green Chemistry for Advanced Materials (GCAM-4107-00008B), Oticon Fonden and Knud Højgaards Fond. Othman K. Al Bahri is grateful to the Ministry of Higher Education (Oman) for funding his undergraduate studies. Foong King Yoong is thanked for his assistance during synchrotron beamtimes. Part of this research was undertaken on the Powder Diffraction and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron, part of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO).en_AU
dc.identifier.citationAndersen, H. L., Al Bahri, O. K., Tsarev, S., Johannessen, B., Schulz, B., Liu, J., Brand, H. E. A., Christensen, M. & Sharma, N. (2018). Structural evolution and stability of Sc 2 (WO 4) 3 after discharge in a sodium-based electrochemical cell. Dalton Transactions, 47(4), 1251-1260. doi:10.1039/C7DT04374Ken_AU
dc.identifier.issn1477-9266en_AU
dc.identifier.issue4en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleDalton Transactionsen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination1251-1260en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT04374Ken_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/dspace/handle/10238/12361en_AU
dc.identifier.volume47en_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherRoyal Society of Chemistryen_AU
dc.subjectElectrochemical cellsen_AU
dc.subjectElectrochemistryen_AU
dc.subjectElectrodesen_AU
dc.subjectThermal expansionen_AU
dc.subjectSodiumen_AU
dc.subjectSodium compoundsen_AU
dc.subjectTungstenen_AU
dc.subjectX-ray diffractionen_AU
dc.subjectX-ray spectroscopyen_AU
dc.titleStructural evolution and stability of Sc2(WO4)3 after discharge in a sodium-based electrochemical cellen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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