Nanometer-thick ITIC bulk heterojunction films as non-rullerene acceptors in organic solar cells

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dc.contributor.authorHuang, TYen_AU
dc.contributor.authorLe Brun, APen_AU
dc.contributor.authorSochor, Ben_AU
dc.contributor.authorWu, CMen_AU
dc.contributor.authorBulut, Yen_AU
dc.contributor.authorMüller-Buschbaum, Pen_AU
dc.contributor.authorRoth, SVen_AU
dc.contributor.authorYang, YLen_AU
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-25T23:41:55Zen_AU
dc.date.available2024-08-25T23:41:55Zen_AU
dc.date.issued2024-07-25en_AU
dc.date.statistics2024-08-26en_AU
dc.description.abstractThe nanomorphology of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) plays a critical role in determining the performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Thermal annealing is commonly used to reorganize the donor and acceptor phases within the BHJs. In this study, we investigate the vertical morphology of BHJ blend films incorporating the poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3‴-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2‴-quaterthiophen-5,5‴-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD) polymer as the donor and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (ITIC) as the acceptor. Neutron reflectivity patterns and scattering length density profiles reveal that the surface of the BHJ films became diffuse when the annealing temperature was above 150 °C. We further find that mitigated agglomeration of PffBT4T-2OD side chains exhibits minimal impact on morphology post-annealing. Instead, ITIC molecules trigger aggregations, accompanied by interface diffusion and increased film roughness. X-ray scattering confirms a 5-fold increase in aggregated ITIC nanodomains after annealing. Our findings highlight that unstable ITIC phases dominate the BHJ morphology of thin films, leading to the thermal instability of OSCs. This study enhances our understanding of the BHJ morphology and offers insights into improving the performance of energy conversion devices. © 2024 American Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.description.sponsorshipWork was supported by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Funding no. 1134TASR1 and 113-2112-M-213-020. P.M.-B. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) by Germany’s Excellence Strategy–EXC 2089/1-390776260 (e-conversion), and the International Research Training Group 2022 Alberta/Technical University of Munich International Graduate School for Environmentally Responsible Functional Hybrid Materials (ATUMS) as well as by TUM.solar in the context of the Bavarian Collaborative Research Project Solar Technologies Go Hybrid (SolTech). We acknowledge the reflectivity experiments (proposal no. P9766 and P9311) awarded by the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering. Operations of the Spatz neutron reflectometer are partly funded by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), an Australian Government initiative. We acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for providing experimental facilities. Parts of this research were carried out at PETRA III, and we would like to thank Jan Rubeck for assistance in using beamline P03. The GISAXS data fitting benefited from the SasView application, originally developed under NSF award DMR-0520547. SasView contains code developed with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the SINE2020 project, grant agreement no. 654000.en_AU
dc.identifier.citationHuang, T.-Y., Le Brun, A. P., Sochor, B., Wu, C.-M., Bulut, Y., Müller-Buschbaum, P., Roth, S. V., & Yang, Y.-L. (2024). Nanometer-thick ITIC bulk heterojunction films as non-rullerene acceptors in organic solar cells. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 7(15), 17588-17595. doi:10.1021/acsanm.4c02865en_AU
dc.identifier.issn2574-0970en_AU
dc.identifier.issue15en_AU
dc.identifier.journaltitleACS Applied Nato Materialsen_AU
dc.identifier.pagination17588-17595en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c02865en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttps://apo.ansto.gov.au/handle/10238/15666en_AU
dc.identifier.volume7en_AU
dc.languageEnglishen_AU
dc.language.isoenen_AU
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen_AU
dc.subjectAnnealingen_AU
dc.subjectMetallurgyen_AU
dc.subjectSurface propertiesen_AU
dc.subjectThin Filmsen_AU
dc.subjectSolar cellsen_AU
dc.subjectReflectivityen_AU
dc.subjectScatteringen_AU
dc.titleNanometer-thick ITIC bulk heterojunction films as non-rullerene acceptors in organic solar cellsen_AU
dc.typeJournal Articleen_AU
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