Browsing by Author "Tanksale, A"

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    High-q, high intensity small angle neutron scattering to probe formaldehyde-methanol-water mixtures
    (Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE), 2020-11-11) Dwivedi, SH; Mata, JP; Mushrif, S; Chaffee, AL; Tanksale, A
    Methanol-water mixtures are known for their unusual thermodynamic behaviour. On varying mixture composition, the thermodynamic properties do not vary linearly. This is attributed to the formation of structures at a molecular length scale, called as micro-phase. When formaldehyde is solvated in methanol-water mixtures, its chemical and physical behaviour is very much dependent on its micro-phase environment. Recently, liquid phase heterogeneous catalytic routs for the production of formaldehyde and its higher order oligomers are being developed1,2. The liquid phase (generally, methanol-water mixture) increases formaldehyde’s yield after its desorption from the catalytic surface1. Therefore, the study of formaldehyde’s solvation in methanol water mixtures may be crucial to further develop these liquid phase catalytic reaction pathways. However, the understanding of the structure of formaldehyde–methanol-water mixtures at molecular length scales is a challenge to the contemporary experimental techniques due to their dynamical and chemical nature. We use molecular dynamics simulations and the Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) measurements to predict the molecular clustering in these mixtures. Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were performed using GROMACS software package3 and the OPLS-AA forcefield parameters were used to describe bonded and non-bonded interactions. The radial pair distribution function g(r) and the coordination number were used to estimate the cluster composition and to compose backgrounds for these ternary mixtures. The Neutron Scattering data was collected at the Quokka beamline of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). The data modelling program SASview was used to model the scattering data and five different curve-fitting models were used, namely, the Guinier model, sphere model, sticky-hardsphere (SHS) sphere model, and SHS ellipsoid model. The sticky-hardsphere model fitting parameters were derived from the Potential of Mean Force (PME), calculated by the MD simulations. We observe a hydrophobic clustering of methanol around methoxymethanol molecule (i.e., the metastable solvated form of formaldehyde) at formaldehyde–methanol-water mixtures where 1 mole-percent formaldehyde is dissolved in xm ≤ 0.3 methanol-water mixture. The SHS-sphere model results in a sphere of 4.29 Å radius, which, when drawn from the centroid of a molecular cluster obtained via MD data, perfectly encapsulates it. On further increasing the methanol concentration, we do not observe any molecular clusters for xm > 0.5. In summary, we formulate a framework of analysing the dynamic ternary liquid mixtures for molecular clustering using SANS measurements and MD simulations and report hydrophobic clustering in formaldehyde-methanol-water ternary mixtures at low methanol composition
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    Mixed metal–antimony oxide nanocomposites: low pH water oxidation electrocatalysts with outstanding durability at ambient and elevated temperatures
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-11-16) Luke, S; Chatti, M; Yadav, A; Kerr, BV; Kangsabanik, J; Williams, T; Cherepanov, PV; Johannessen, B; Tanksale, A; MacFarlane, DR; Hocking, RK; Alam, A; Yella, A; Simonov, AN
    Proton-exchange membrane water electrolysers provide many advantages for the energy-efficient production of H2, but the current technology relies on high loadings of expensive iridium at the anodes, which are often unstable in operation. To address this, the present work scrutinises the properties of antimony–metal (Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Ru) oxides synthesised as flat thin film electrodes by a solution-based method for water electrooxidation in 0.5 M H2SO4. Among the noble-metal-free catalysts, cobalt–antimony and manganese–antimony oxides demonstrate robust performance under ambient conditions, but slowly lose activity at elevated temperatures. A distinctive feature of the ruthenium–antimony system is its outstanding stability demonstrated herein through up to 8 day-long tests at 80 ± 1 °C, during which the reaction rate of 10 mA cm−2 was maintained at a stable overpotential of 0.34 ± 0.01 V. The S-number for this catalyst is on par with those for the high-performance benchmark Ir-based systems. Density functional theory analysis and detailed physical characterisation reveal that this high stability is supported by the enhanced hybridisation of the oxygen p- and metal d-orbitals induced by antimony and can arise from two distinct structural scenarios: either formation of an antimonate phase, or nanoscale intermixing of metal and antimony oxide crystallites. © Royal Society of Chemistry 2025.