Browsing by Author "Kallinen, A"

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    [18F]Fluorination optimisation and the fully automated production of [18F]MEL050 using a microfluidic system
    (CSIRO Publishing, 2014-06-06) Matesic, L; Kallinen, A; Wyatt, NA; Pham, TQ; Greguric, ID; Pascali, G
    The [18F]radiolabelling of the melanin-targeting positron-emission tomography radiotracer [18F]MEL050 was rapidly optimised using a commercial continuous-flow microfluidic system. The optimal [18F]fluorination incorporation conditions were then translated to production-scale experiments (35–150 GBq) suitable for preclinical imaging, complete with automated HPLC–solid phase extraction purification and formulation. [18F]MEL050 was obtained in 43 ± 10 % radiochemical yield in ~50 min. © 2015 CSIRO Publishing.
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    Dose-on-demand production of diverse 18F-radiotracers for preclinical applications using a continuous flow microfluidic system
    (Elsevier, 2017-09) Matesic, L; Kallinen, A; Greguric, ID; Pascali, G
    The production of 18F-radiotracers using continuous flow microfluidics is under-utilized due to perceived equipment limitations. We describe the dose-on-demand principle, whereby the back-to-back production of multiple, diverse 18F-radiotracers can be prepared on the same day, on the same microfluidic system using the same batch of [18F]fluoride, the same microreactor, the same HPLC column and SPE cartridge to obtain a useful production yield. [18F]MEL050, [18F]Fallypride and [18F]PBR111 were radiolabeled with [18F]fluoride using the Advion NanoTek Microfluidic Synthesis System. The outlet of the microreactor was connected to an automated HPLC injector and following the collection of the product, SPE reformulation produced the 18F-radiotracer in <10% ethanolic saline. A thorough automated cleaning procedure was implemented to ensure no cross-contamination between radiotracer synthesis. The complete productions for [18F]MEL050 and [18F]Fallypride were performed at total flow rates of 20 μL/min, resulting in 40 ± 13% and 25 ± 13% RCY respectively. [18F]PBR111 was performed at 200 μL/min to obtain 27 ± 8% RCY. Molar activities for each 18F-radiotracer were >100 GBq/μmol and radiochemical purities were >97%, implying that the cleaning procedure was effective. Using the same initial solution of [18F]fluoride, microreactor, HPLC column and SPE cartridge, three diverse 18F-radiotracers could be produced in yields sufficient for preclinical studies in a back-to-back fashion using a microfluidic system with no detectable cross-contamination. Crown Copyright © 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Microfluidic implementation of Ru-catalyzed methylation of amines using CO2 as carbon source
    (Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt, 2016-06-22) Perkins, G; Khatib, O; Peterson, MB; Kallinen, A; Pham, TQ; Ung, AT; Greguric, ID; Pascali, G
    Carbon dioxide chemistry is an area of continuing growth in recent times, due to socioeconomic and environmental reasons. Several methods have now been reported for obtaining N-methylation on primary and secondary amines directly from CO2. We have translated in two microfluidic setups (Slug Flow [SF] and Tube-in-Tube [TiT]) a ruthenium (Ru)-catalyzed process previously reported using a pressure vessel. Here, we demonstrate how the SF approach is more efficient but requires more input to reach a steady state, while the TiT system is less efficient but more tuneable.We have tested these processes on three model amines and two radiopharmaceutical precursors that are routinely used in 11C chemistry. The microfluidic processes tested are also potentially more efficient than the pressure vessel counterpart, in terms of amount of Ru catalyst needed (1% vs. 10%) and projected reaction completion time. © 2016 Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt.