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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks with lanthanide ions
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2020-10-23) Lu, KT; Zhang, YJ; Aughterson, RD; Zheng, RK
    Two uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks (UOFs) incorporating either Eu(III) or Gd(III) ions were synthesized hydrothermally and structurally studied. The uranyl oxide hydroxide layers similar to those in β-U3O8 with both tetragonal and pentagonal bipyramidal uranium polyhedra are connected with pairs of pentagonal bipyramidal uranium polyhedra through uranyl cation–cation interactions to form three-dimensional frameworks with Eu(III) or Gd(III) ions inside the channels. Both SEM and TEM examinations revealed needle crystal morphologies and a U:Eu/Gd ratio of 5.5, with the TEM-SAED pattern indexed to the orthorhombic crystal structure C2221, as also determined using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Raman spectroscopy revealed the band splitting of uranyl symmetric stretching vibrations, reflecting the presence of a unique pentavalent uranium centre in octahedral coordination geometry. The presence of pentavalent uranium in both UOFs was confirmed with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Given that layer-structured uranyl oxide hydroxy hydrate phases are dominant for both light and heavy lanthanide ions under similar reaction conditions, the ionic radius plays an important role in controlling the structure types, with UOFs formed only for Eu(III) and Gd(III) ions in the lanthanide series. These new UOFs with lanthanide ions may have various implications especially in nuclear materials. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Magnetism and fermiology of kagome magnet YMn6Sn4Ge2
    (Springer Nature, 2024-01-08) Bhandari, H; Dally, RL; Siegfried, PE; Regmi, RB; Rule, KC; Chi, SX; Lynn, JW; Mazin, I; Ghimire, NJ
    Kagome lattice magnets are an interesting class of materials as they can host topological properties in their magnetic and electronic structures. YMn6Sn6 is one such compound in which various exotic magnetic and electronic topological properties have been realized. Here, by means of a partial substitution of Sn with an isovalent and slightly smaller atom Ge, we demonstrate the sensitivity of such chemical substitution on the magnetic structure and its influence in the electronic properties. Magnetic structure of YMn6Sn4Ge2 determined by neutron diffraction reveals an incommensurate staggered magnetic spiral with a slightly larger spiral pitch than in YMn6Sn6. This change in magnetic structure influences the Fermi surface enhancing the out-of-plane conductivity. Such a sensitivity to the partial chemical substitution provides a great potential for engineering the magnetic phases and associated electronic properties not only in YMn6Sn6, but also in the large family of 166 rare-earth kagome magnet. © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Hot isostatic pressing of CuI wasteforms for 129I immobilisation
    (Elsevier, 2025-02) Dayal, P; Farzana, R; Bahmanrokh, G; Peristyy, A; Sutton, P; Zhang, Ji; Thorogood, GJ; Li, S; Gregg, DJ
    Nuclear waste streams containing radioactive iodine require disposal options that account for the long half-life of some iodine radioisotopes (129I: t1/2 ∼1.6 × 107 years) and the high mobility of iodine in most geochemical environments. One potentially attractive option is the incorporation of radioiodine into chemically stable ceramic wasteforms, such as copper iodide (CuI). Recently, a candidate copper iodide wasteform was synthesised through precipitation of iodide from solution and consolidation into a monolith, however relatively low densities were achieved. In this current work we have assessed the ability of copper to precipitate iodide and iodate from simulated waste solutions via ion exchange. The ion exchanged material was Hot Isostatically Pressed (HIPed), achieving > 98 % of the theoretical density of CuI. The HIPed ion exchanged material contained predominantly CuI, as targeted, but with additional peaks due to minor amounts of copper chloride (CuCl) and copper oxide (Cu2O). The aqueous durability of the HIPed ion exchanged material was assessed using the standard test method ASTM C1285. The thermal conductivity data of a HIPed CuI sample was then obtained over the range of 20° - 500 °C and the values ranged from ∼2 to 0.2 W/(m.K), and decreasing with temperature. This data informs the HIP cycle requirements for potential future practical application. © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved.
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    GRT-X stimulates dorsal root ganglia axonal growth in culture via TSPO and Kv7.2/3 potassium channel activation
    (MDPI, 2024-07-03) Chemali, LE; Boutary, S; Liu, S; Liu, GJ; Middleton, RJ; Banati, RB; Bahrenberg, G; Rupprecht, R; Schumacher, M; Massaad-Massade, L
    GRT-X, which targets both the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) and the Kv7.2/3 (KCNQ2/3) potassium channels, has been shown to efficiently promote recovery from cervical spine injury. In the present work, we investigate the role of GRT-X and its two targets in the axonal growth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Neurite outgrowth was quantified in DRG explant cultures prepared from wild-type C57BL6/J and TSPO-KO mice. TSPO was pharmacologically targeted with the agonist XBD173 and the Kv7 channels with the activator ICA-27243 and the inhibitor XE991. GRT-X efficiently stimulated DRG axonal growth at 4 and 8 days after its single administration. XBD173 also promoted axonal elongation, but only after 8 days and its repeated administration. In contrast, both ICA27243 and XE991 tended to decrease axonal elongation. In dissociated DRG neuron/Schwann cell co-cultures, GRT-X upregulated the expression of genes associated with axonal growth and myelination. In the TSPO-KO DRG cultures, the stimulatory effect of GRT-X on axonal growth was completely lost. However, GRT-X and XBD173 activated neuronal and Schwann cell gene expression after TSPO knockout, indicating the presence of additional targets warranting further investigation. These findings uncover a key role of the dual mode of action of GRT-X in the axonal elongation of DRG neurons. © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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    Peptide nucleic acids can form hairpins and bind RNA-binding proteins
    (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2024-09-16) Zhong, YiC; Wilkinson-White, L; Zhang, E; Mohanty, B; Zhang, BB; McRae, MS; Luo, R; Allport, TA; Duff, AP; Zhao, J; El-Kamand, S; Du Plessis, MD; Cubeddu, L; Gamsjaeger, R; Ataide, SF; Kwan, AH
    RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a major class of proteins that interact with RNAs to change their fate or function. RBPs and the ribonucleoprotein complexes they constitute are involved in many essential cellular processes. In many cases, the molecular details of RBP:RNA interactions differ between viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, making prokaryotic and viral RBPs good potential drug targets. However, targeting RBPs with small molecules has so far been met with limited success as RNA-binding sites tend to be extended, shallow and dynamic with a mixture of charged, polar and hydrophobic interactions. Here, we show that peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) with nucleic acid-like binding properties and a highly stable peptide-like backbone can be used to target some RBPs. We have designed PNAs to mimic the short RNA stem-loop sequence required for the initiation of prokaryotic signal recognition particle (SRP) assembly, a target for antibiotics development. Using a range of biophysical and biochemical assays, the designed PNAs were demonstrated to fold into a hairpin structure, bind the targeted protein and compete with the native RNA hairpin to inhibit SRP formation. To show the applicability of PNAs against other RBPs, a PNA was also shown to bind Nsp9 from SARS-CoV-2, a protein that exhibits non-sequence-specific RNA binding but preferentially binds hairpin structures. Taken together, our results support that PNAs can be a promising class of compounds for targeting RNA-binding activities in RBPs. © 2024 Zhong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.