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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Finite element analysis of creep using Theta projection data
    (Elsevier, 1998-04) Law, M; Payten, WM; Snowden, KU
    The Theta projection creep algorithm has been implemented within a finite element code. This extends the predictive capability of Theta projection data to complex geometries, multiple material problems such as welded joints, and non-steady temperature conditions. Validation of the finite element methodology has been undertaken by re-modelling creep data based on the original Theta coefficients. The stress redistribution in a cylindrical pressure vessel was examined and compared to that predicted by the Norton equation. The effects of temperature variation were also modelled. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Stable dual metal oxide matrix for tuning selectivity in acidic electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
    (Elsevier, 2025-08-15) Zhang, Zl; Trần-Phú, T; Yuwono, JA; Ma, ZP; Yang, YW; Leverett, J; Hocking, RK; Johannessen, B; Kumar, P; Amal, R; Daiyan, R
    The acidic electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds promise for achieving a carbon-neutral future and can promote efficient CO2 utilization by attenuating the carbonate/bicarbonate formation reaction. However, catalyst degradation in strong acids and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) often result in short catalyst lifetime and poor product selectivity. Herein, this study introduces a strategy to stabilize copper oxide (CuOx) catalysts for acidic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) by incorporating bismuth oxide (BiOx) and achieved a maximum formic acid Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOOH) of 97 ± 1 % at −2.7 V vs. RHE and maintaining over 90 % FE for more than 20 h. In situ XAS, SR-FTIR and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the catalyst can inhibit *H adsorption and promote selective CO2 conversion to HCOOH via the HCOO* pathway. Further electrolyte anion modulation achieves ethanol and acetone production at Faradaic efficiencies of 17 % and 16 % in phosphoric and perchloric acid, respectively. In situ analyses reveal that distinct anion adsorption influence key intermediates, such as *CO, leading to shifts in C₂⁺ product distributions. This work offers insights into designing acid-stable electrocatalysts for CO2RR and highlights the potential of electrolyte modification to tailor product selectivity. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. Open Access CC-BY 4.0.
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    Quantitative analysis of domain textures in ferroelectric ceramics from single high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction images
    (AIP Publishing, 2017-04-28) Wang, ZY; Daniels, JE
    In this study, the possibility of determining the orientation distribution function (ODF) and quantifying the domain textures of polycrystalline ferroelectrics based on single high-energy X-ray diffraction images using a Rietveld refinement method is assessed. A spherical harmonics texture model is incorporated in the approach to determine the ODFs for phase constituents in poled lead-free ferroelectric ceramics (1 − x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 − xBaTiO3 with x = 0.0625 and 0.075 from both single high-energy synchrotron diffraction images and full rotation diffraction data collected with the samples rotated perpendicular to the poling axis. A quantitative comparison is made between the complete pole figures and pole density profiles obtained from the ODFs extracted from the different diffraction data. The results show that a good approximation to the domain textures of fiber-type in poled ceramics as determined from the full rotation data can be obtained from single diffraction images, with the dominant pole densities within a maximum difference of ∼0.15 multiples of a random distribution. It thus demonstrates that single high-energy X-ray diffraction images are suitable for the quantification of domain texture in ferroelectric ceramics. The analysis validates the applicability of high-energy synchrotron X-day diffraction to observe the texture evolution in situ in ferroelectric ceramics under fast or continuous loading conditions. © 2017 Author(s). Published by AIP Publishing.
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    Fatigue and fracture behavior of laser clad repair of AerMet® 100 ultra-high strength steel
    (Elsevier, 2016-04) Lourenço, JM; Da Sun, S; Sharp, K; Luzin, V; Klein, AN; Wang, CH; Brandt, M
    The effect of laser cladding on the fatigue and fracture behavior under variable amplitude loading is a major consideration for the development of laser cladding process to repair high value complex fatigue critical aerospace military components, that otherwise would be replaced. The selected material, AerMet®100, is a widely used ultra-high strength steel in current and next generation aerospace components, such as landing gears. Laser cladding was performed using AerMet® 100 powder on AerMet® 100 fatigue substrate specimens. No micro-cracking and very little porosity were observed in the clad layer. The fatigue tests were performed under variable amplitude loading with a maximum stress of 1000MPa. Residual stress, microstructure, and hardness, was also evaluated. Both the as-clad and post-heat treated (PHT) samples were compared to a baseline sample with an artificial notch to simulate damaged condition. Results show that laser cladding significantly improves fatigue life, as compared to the baseline sample with a notch. However, the fatigue life of the as-clad sample is lower as compared to a baseline sample without a notch. A compressive residual stress of 300–500MPa was observed in the clad region and HAZ. The fracture modes in the as-clad specimen consisted mainly of tearing topology surface and some regions of decohesive rupture through the columnar austenite grains. The PHT condition however was not effective in improving the fatigue life. The fracture modes showed mainly decohesive rupture, and as a consequence, reduced the fatigue life. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Temperate mire fluctuations from carbon sink to carbon source following changes in water table
    (Elsevier, 2021-02-20) Fortuniak, K; Pawlak, W; Siedlecki, M; Chambers, SD; Bednorz, L
    The generally-accepted paradigm of wetland response to climate change is that water table drawdown and higher temperatures will cause wetlands to switch from a sink to a source of atmospheric carbon. However, it is hard to find a multi-year, ecosystem scale dataset representative of an undisturbed wetland that clearly demonstrates this paradigm on an annual total basis. Here we provide strong empirical confirmation of the above scenario based on six years of continuous eddy-covariance CO2 and CH4 flux measurements in Biebrza Valley, north-eastern Poland. In wet years the mire was a significant sink of atmospheric carbon (down to −270 ± 70 gC-CO2 m−2 yr−1 against +21.8 ± 3.4 gC-CH4 m−2 yr−1 in 2013) whereas in dry years it constituted a substantial carbon source (releasing up to +130 ± 70 gC-CO2 m−2 yr−1 and +2.6 ± 1.4 gC-CH4 m−2 yr−1 in 2015). Our findings demonstrate that the scenario of positive feedback between wetland carbon release and the present climate change trajectory is realistic and support the need of natural wetland preservation or rewetting. Our findings also indicate that conclusions drawn regarding a wetland's response to changing climate can depend strongly on the chosen period of analysis. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.