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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Atomically dispersed iron metal site in a porphyrin-based metal–organic framework for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation
    (American Chemical Society, 2021-05-23) Shang, SS; Xiong, W; Yang, C; Johannessen, B; Liu, RG; Hsu, HY; Gu, QF; Leung, MKH; Shang, J
    The rational design of photocatalysts for efficient nitrogen (N2) fixation at ambient conditions is important for revolutionizing ammonia production and quite challenging because the great difficulty lies in the adsorption and activation of the inert N2. Inspired by a biological molecule, chlorophyll, featuring a porphyrin structure as the photosensitizer and enzyme nitrogenase featuring an iron (Fe) atom as a favorable binding site for N2 via π-backbonding, here we developed a porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (PMOF) with Fe as the active center as an artificial photocatalyst for N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions. The PMOF features aluminum (Al) as metal node imparting high stability and Fe incorporated and atomically dispersed by residing at each porphyrin ring promoting the adsorption and the activation of N2, termed Al-PMOF(Fe). Compared with the pristine Al-PMOF, Al-PMOF(Fe) exhibits a substantial enhancement in NH3 yield (635 μg g-1cat.) and production rate (127 μg h-1 g-1cat.) of 82% and 50%, respectively, on par with the best-performing MOF-based NRR catalysts. Three cycles of photocatalytic NRR experimental results corroborate a stable photocatalytic activity of Al-PMOF(Fe). The combined experimental and theoretical results reveal that the Fe-N site in Al-PMOF(Fe) is the active photocatalytic center that can mitigate the difficulty of the rate-determining step in photocatalytic NRR. The possible reaction pathways of NRR on Al-PMOF(Fe) were established. Our study of porphyrin-based MOF for the photocatalytic NRR will provide insight into the rational design of catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. © 2021 American Chemical Society.
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    Lift‐off protocols for thin films for use in EXAFS experiments
    (International Union of Crystallography, 2013-04-02) Decoster, S; Glover, CJ; Johannessen, B; Giulian, R; Sprouster, DJ; Kluth, P; Araujo, LL; Hussain, ZS; Schnohr, C; Salama, H; Kremer, F; Temst, K; Vantomme, A; Ridgway, MC
    Lift-off protocols for thin films for improved extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements are presented. Using wet chemical etching of the substrate or the interlayer between the thin film and the substrate, stand-alone high-quality micrometer-thin films are obtained. Protocols for the single-crystalline semiconductors GeSi, InGaAs, InGaP, InP and GaAs, the amorphous semiconductors GaAs, GeSi and InP and the dielectric materials SiO2and Si3N4are presented. The removal of the substrate and the ability to stack the thin films yield benefits for EXAFS experiments in transmission as well as in fluorescence mode. Several cases are presented where this improved sample preparation procedure results in higher-quality EXAFS data compared with conventional sample preparation methods. This lift-off procedure can also be advantageous for other experimental techniques (e.g.small-angle X-ray scattering) that benefit from removing undesired contributions from the substrate. © International Union of Crystallography.
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    Effect of hole transport materials and their dopants on the stability and recoverability of perovskite solar cells on very thin substrates after 7 MeV proton irradiation
    (Wiley, 2023-05-22) Tang, S; Peracchi, S; Pastuovic, Z; Liao, CH; Xu, A; Bing, JM; Zheng, JH; Mahmud, AA; Wang, GL; Townsend‐Medlock, ED; Wilson, GJ; Lakhwani, G; Brenner, CM; McKenzie, DR; Ho‐Baillie, AWY
    The drastic reduction in launch and manufacturing costs of space hardware has facilitated the emergence of "commercial" space. Radiation‐hard organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with low‐cost and high‐efficiency potentials are promising for space applications.High‐efficiency PSCs are tested with different hole transport materials (HTMs) and dopants on 175µm sapphire substrates under 7MeV‐proton‐irradiation‐tests at accumulated fluences of 1011, 1012, and 1013 protons cm−2. While all cells retain >90% of their initial power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) after 1011 protons cm−2 irradiation, PSCs that have tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFB) as the HTM dopant and poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,5,6‐trimethylphenyl) amine (PTAA) or PTAA:C8BTBT (C8BTBT = 2,7‐Dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene) as the HTM are more tolerant to higher‐fluence radiation than their counterparts with the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) dopant and the 2,2′,7,7′‐Tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) HTM. Radiation induces fluorine diffusion from the LiTFSI dopant toward the perovskite absorber (confirmed by depth‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) introducing defects. Radiation‐induced defects in cells with the TPFB dopant instead are different and can be “annealed out” by thermal vacuum resulting in PCE recovery. This is the first report using thermal admittance spectroscopy and deep‐level transient spectroscopy for defect analyses on proton‐irradiated and thermal‐vacuum‐recovered PSCs. The insights generated are expected to contribute to efforts in developing low‐cost light‐weight solar cells for space applications. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Energy Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. - Open Access CC-BY-NC 4.0
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    Bone microstructure supports a Mesozoic origin for a semiaquatic burrowing lifestyle in monotremes (Mammalia)
    (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025-04-28) Hand, SJ; Wilson, LAB; López-Aguirre, C; Houssaye, A; Archer, M; Bevitt, JJ; Evans, AR; Halim, AY; Hung, T; Rich, TH; Vickers-Rich, P; Beck, RMD
    The platypus and four echidna species are the only living egg-laying mammals and the sole extant representatives of Order Monotremata. The platypus and echidnas are very disparate both morphologically and ecologically: The platypus is a specialized semiaquatic burrowing form that forages for freshwater invertebrates, whereas echidnas are fully terrestrial and adapted for feeding on social insects and earthworms. It has been proposed that echidnas evolved from a semiaquatic, platypus-like ancestor, but fossil evidence for such a profound evolutionary transformation has been lacking, and this hypothesis remains controversial. Here, we present original data about the Early Cretaceous (108 to 103 Ma) Australian mammal Kryoryctes cadburyi, currently only known from a single humerus, that provides key information relating to this question. Phylogenetic analysis of a 536-character morphological matrix of mammaliaforms places Kryoryctes as a stem-monotreme. Three-dimensional whole bone comparisons show that the overall shape of the humerus is more similar to that of echidnas than the platypus, but analysis of microstructure reveals specializations found in semiaquatic mammals, including a particularly thick cortex and a highly reduced medullary cavity, present in the platypus but absent in echidnas. The evidence suggests Kryoryctes was a semiaquatic burrower, indicating that monotremes first evolved an amphibious lifestyle in the Mesozoic, and providing support for the hypothesis that this is ancestral for living monotremes as a whole. The lineage leading to the modern platypus appears to have been characterized by extremely long term (>100 My) niche conservatism, with echidnas representing a much later reversion to a fully terrestrial lifestyle. © 2025 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.This open access article is distributed under creative commons.
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    Hidden spin-order-induced room-temperature ferroelectricity in a peculiar conical magnetic structure
    (American Physical Society, 2017-03-07) Shen, SP; Liu, XZ; Chai, YS; Studer, AJ; Rule, KC; Zhai, K; Yan, LQ; Shang, DS; Klose, F; Liu, YT; Chen, DF; Sun, Y
    A novel mechanism of spin-induced ferroelectricity is unraveled in the alternating longitudinal conical (ALC) magnetic structure. Because the noncollinear ALC structure possesses a c-axis component with collinear ↑-↑-↓-↓ spin order, spin-driven ferroelectricity along the c axis due to the exchange striction mechanism is predicted. Our experiments verify this prediction in the Y-type hexaferrite Ba0.3Sr1.7Co2Fe11AlO22, where ferroelectricity along the c axis is observed up to room temperature. Neutron diffraction data clearly reveal the ALC phase and its evolution with magnetic fields. The c-axis electric polarization can be well modulated by applying either ab-plane or c-axis magnetic fields, even at 305 K. This kind of spin-induced ferroelectricity associated with the ALC magnetic structure provides a new resource of type II multiferroics. ©2025 American Physical Society. All rights reserved.