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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Alkali metal alkoxyborate ester salts; a contemporary look at old compounds
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2024-01-25) Berger, A; Ibrahim, A; Hales, TA; D'Angelo, AM; Buckley, CE; Paskevicius, M
    Research into the use of sodium tetraalkoxyborate salts for different chemical applications including synthetic catalysis, hydrogen storage, or battery applications has been investigated, however, understanding of the structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of these salts has been lacking since the 1950s and 1960s. A review of the synthesis, as well as a thorough characterization using 1H NMR, 11B NMR, 13C{1H} NMR, FTIR, XRD, in situ XRD, DSC-TGA, RGA-MS, TPPA, and EIS has newly identified polymorphic phase changes for Na[B(OMe)4], K[B(OMe)4], Li[B(OMe)4], Na[B(OEt)4], Na[B(OBu)4], and Na[B(OiBu)4]. The crystal structure of K[B(OMe)4] was also solved in I41/a (a = 22.337(2) Å, c = 7.648(3) Å, V = 3815.6(4) Å3, ρ = 1.128(1) g cm−3). Ionic conductivity of the different salts was analyzed, however it was found that the compounds with longer alkyl chains had no measurable ionic conductivity compared to the shorter chained samples, Na[B(OMe)4] and K[B(OMe)4] with 9.6 × 10−8 S cm−1 and 1.6 × 10−7 S cm−1, at 114 °C respectively. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    An exceptional assemblage of archaeological plant fibres from Windmill Way, southeast Cape York Peninsula
    (Taylor & Francis, 2025-11-14) Wallis, LA; Burke, H; Musgrave, C; George, R; Coleman, NV; Marsh, S; Callaghan, C; Dardengo, M; Cole, N; Hiscock, W; Jacobsen, GE; Hadnutt, N; Snep, A; Matheson, C
    To date only a handful of Australian archaeological sites with plant-based objects from the Mid-to-Late Holocene are known. This paper substantially increases this dataset by describing an assemblage of more than 500 fibre fragments from the site of Windmill Way in southeast Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. These objects predominantly represent the end stages of fibre processing, primarily comprising string and netted and looped fabric, with an age range spanning from 1,700–1,589 cal BP to 252–75 cal BP. While the highly fragmented nature of the Windmill Way assemblage makes definitive identification of individual objects difficult, double looping, rather than knotting, was the preferred means of construction, with many pieces clearly deriving from dillybags. Rarer pieces may be fragments of pubic tassel belts or mourning strings. The string, knots, mesh, gauge and loops were all relatively uniform through time, demonstrating intergenerational knowledge of a refined and stable practice. The presence of only two post-contact items (a hooked piece of wire and a strip of red cloth), combined with the radiocarbon sequence, suggests that the site was abandoned around the time Europeans invaded the region in 1874, when wide-scale frontier conflict commenced. Detailed microscopic analysis of the fibres to identify plant species, as well as analyses of the macrobotanics, resins and other organic material culture items recovered from the site are ongoing. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Open Access BY-NC-ND 4.0.
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    Sc/Mg Co‐doping in Na3Zr2Si2PO12 solid‐state electrolytes enables outstanding performance of sodium metal batteries
    (Wiley, 2025-12-11) Wang, X; Li, JY; Hu, ZW; Li, XH; Liu, LY; Wang, JZ; Kim, JH; Li, WJ; Pang, WK; Johannessen, B
    All solid-state sodium metal batteries offer a transformative opportunity for more sustainable energy storage, with the potential to significantly improve both energy density and safety compared to conventional sodium-ion batteries. However, their practical application is hindered by challenges such as dendrite formation and limited ion conductivity. In this study, a novel strategy is proposed in which Sc3+ and Mg2+ dopants are directly introduced into the Na3Zr2Si2PO12 solid-state electrolyte (NZSP SSE) to optimize composition and regulate interfacial chemistry. The resulting co-doped electrolyte, Na3.7Zr1.45Sc0.4Mg0.15Si2PO12 (NSZSP-0.15Mg), exhibits a significantly enhanced ionic conductivity of 1.3 mS cm−1 at room temperature and improved interfacial compatibility. Moreover, symmetric Na//NSZSP-0.15Mg//Na cells demonstrate stable Na stripping/plating for over 400 h (0.5 mA cm−2, 0.5 mAh cm−2), attributed to the formation of a dynamically stable ScPO4/Mg3(PO4)2-rich interphase layer at the Na metal/SSE interface. Furthermore, Na//NSZSP-0.15Mg//Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell batteries exhibit excellent rate capability and long-term cycling stability, maintaining 75 mAh g−1 over 3000 cycles at 2 C at room temperature. This work presents a robust approach for enabling practical solid-state sodium metal batteries with high conductivity, enhanced interfacial stability, high energy density, and long-term cyclability, advancing the development of next-generation SSEs for high-performance sodium metal batteries. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Mimicking the hair surface for neutron reflectometry
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2024-09-18) Cozzolino, S; Gutfreund, P; Vorobiev, A; Devishvili, A; Greaves,; Nelson, A; Yepuri, NR; Luengo, GS; Rutland, MW
    The surface of human hair is normally hydrophobic as it is covered by a lipid layer, mainly composed of 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA). When the hair is damaged, this layer can be partially or fully removed and more hydrophilic, mainly negatively charged surfaces are formed with a wide variety of physical and chemical characteristics. The cosmetic industry is currently embracing the opportunity of increasing the sustainability of their hair-care products whilst improving product performance. To do this, it is vital to have a deeper understanding of the hair surface and how it interacts with hair-care ingredients. This work contributes to this by harnessing the potential of neutron reflectometry (NR) with scattering contrast variation to describe hierarchical adsorption. Three types of hair-mimetic surfaces have been produced: two "healthy hair" models to probe the role of lipid structure, and one "damaged hair" model, to consider the effect of the surface charge. Adsorption of hair-care ingredients has then been studied. The results for these relatively short lipid models indicate that a methyl branch has little effect on adsorption. The "damaged hair" studies, however, reveal the unexpected apparent adsorption of an anionic surfactant to a negative surface. This preferential adsorption of the otherwise solubilised neutral components demonstrates a facile route to selectively deliver a protective film on a damaged hair fibre, without the need for a cationic species. On a more general note, this study also demonstrates the feasibility of using NR to characterize such complex systems. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2024. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Dimensions and global twist of single-layer DNA origami measured by small-angle X‑ray scattering
    (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2018-06-29) Baker, MAB; Tuckwell, AJ; Berengut, JF; Bath, J; Benn, F; Duff, AP; Whitten, AE; Dunn, KE; Hynson, RMG; Turberfield, AJ; Lee, LK
    The rational design of complementary DNA sequences can be used to create nanostructures that self-assemble with nanometer precision. DNA nanostructures have been imaged by atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provides complementary structural information on the ensemble-averaged state of DNA nanostructures in solution. Here we demonstrate that SAXS can distinguish between different single-layer DNA origami tiles that look identical when immobilized on a mica surface and imaged with atomic force microscopy. We use SAXS to quantify the magnitude of global twist of DNA origami tiles with different crossover periodicities: these measurements highlight the extreme structural sensitivity of single-layer origami to the location of strand crossovers. We also use SAXS to quantify the distance between pairs of gold nanoparticles tethered to specific locations on a DNA origami tile and use this method to measure the overall dimensions and geometry of the DNA nanostructure in solution. Finally, we use indirect Fourier methods, which have long been used for the interpretation of SAXS data from biomolecules, to measure the distance between DNA helix pairs in a DNA origami nanotube. Together, these results provide important methodological advances in the use of SAXS to analyze DNA nanostructures in solution and insights into the structures of single-layer DNA origami. © 2018 American Chemical Society.