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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Low pressure chemical vapor deposited perovskite enables all vacuum‐processed monolithic perovskite‐silicon tandem solar cells
    (Wiley, 2025-07-15) Zhang, YX; Zhu, YQ; Sun, JS; Hu, M; Chen, JH; Duan, BX; Hu, SH; Hou, P; Tan, WL; Ku, ZL; Yang, WG; Lu, JF
    Low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising technique for metal halide perovskite photovoltaics fabrication due to its low manufacturing cost, conformal coverage, and high scalability for industry‐scale fabrication. However, the lack of knowledge of the reaction kinetics makes the solar cell performance lag behind its solution‐processed counterpart. Herein, the perovskite formation and crystal growth process in the CVD process are studied by unraveling the mechanism of ion diffusion via tracking the vapor–solid reaction with various semi‐in‐situ characterizations. It is found that Cs + can migrate along the perovskite lattice and uniformly distribute in the vertical direction of the final perovskite film even changing the deposition order of CsBr and PbI2 in the solid source, whereas this order can significantly affect the growth kinetics and the bandgap of the perovskite. Depositing CsBr before PbI2 results in a faster conversion of inorganic precursors to perovskite phase, yielding a wider bandgap perovskite. Finally, we fabricated semi‐transparent perovskite cells using all‐vapor deposition process, which showed a champion efficiency of 18.7% and it retained ≈94% of its initial performance after 200 h of continuous operation. Moreover, using this all‐vapor deposition process, we achieved a champion efficiency of 26.9% for monolithic perovskite‐silicon tandem solar cells. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH
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    Microstructural, mechanical, texture and residual stress characterizations of X52 pipeline steel
    (MDPI, 2017-08-09) Lavigne, O; Kotousov, A; Luzin, V
    In this paper, the microstructural and mechanical properties of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) API 5L X52 steel, which is widely utilized in the construction of gas pipelines, were characterized with optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and standard mechanical tests. The outcomes of these characterizations were used to evaluate the strengthening contributions of the solid solution, grain size, dislocations, and precipitates to the overall strength of the steel. In addition, texture and residual stresses were determined with neutron diffraction. The residual stresses were found to be low in comparison with the expected stresses due to the operating pressure. However, these stresses could contribute to the initiation and propagation of stress corrosion cracking at the outer surface of the pipe. Neutron diffraction results also suggested that the outer surface of the pipe had a texture that is expected to have a low resistance to high pH stress corrosion cracking. Both conclusions were found to be consistent with field observations. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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    Unlocking limited Na‐ion transport channel in Na2Fe2(SO4)3 for ultrafast Na‐ion transport
    (Wiley, 2026-06-23) Gu, YL; Hong, Y; Shao, JJ; Hou, JW; Tang, ZL; Gu, QF; Wu, YP; Hu, LF
    Alluaudite-type Na2Fe2(SO4)3 has emerged as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its high operating voltage (∼3.80 V vs. Na+/Na). Nevertheless, its practical rate performance is hindered by the sluggish Na+ transport. In this work, we realized the synergetic elongation of Na2─O/Na3─O bonds to widen the sodium ion transport channels by Ca, Mn, Cu co-doping. Specifically, Ca doping induced the elongation of the Na2─O5 and Na2─O5’ bonds; Mn doping resulted in the extension of the Na2─O1 bond; and Cu doping led to the increase in the Na3─O4 and Na3─O4’ bond lengths. Strikingly, the optimized Na2Fe1.9Ca0.03Mn0.035Cu0.035(SO4)3 exhibits ultrafast sodium ion diffusion coefficient in the range of 10−10 to 10−8 cm2·s−1, which is the highest one among the Na2Fe2(SO4)3 cathode up to date. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that co-doping can reduce the Na+ migration barrier. The sodium ion half-cell using this co-doped cathode delivers excellent rate capability (97, 80, and 69 mAh·g−1 at 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 A·g−1, respectively) and excellent cycling stability of 5000 cycles. Our work provides new insights on the structural evolution of Na2─O/Na3─O bonds by multiple metallic cations substitution of Fe-site in Na2Fe2(SO4)3 to realize high sodium ion transport kinetics. Copyright © 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH
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    Illuminating the biochemical interaction of antimicrobial few-layer black phosphorus with microbial cells using synchrotron macro-ATR-FTIR
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-12-20) Shaw, ZL; Cheeseman, S; Huang, LZY; Penman, R; Ahmed, T; Bryant, SJ; Bryant, G; Christofferson, AJ; Orrell-Trigg, R; Dekiwadia, C; Truong, ViK; Vongsvivut, JP; Walia, S; Elbourne, A
    In the fight against drug-resistant pathogenic bacterial and fungal cells, low-dimensional materials are emerging as a promising alternative treatment method. Specifically, few-layer black phosphorus (BP) has demonstrated its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogenic bacterial and fungal cells with studies suggesting low cytotoxicity towards healthy mammalian cells. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of action of BP is not well understood. Before new applications for this material can be realised, further in-depth investigations are required. In this work, the biochemical interaction between BP and a series of microbial cells is investigated using a variety of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to provide a greater understanding of the antimicrobial mechanism. Synchrotron macro-attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) micro-spectroscopy is used to elucidate the chemical changes occurring outside and within the cell of interest after exposure to BP nanoflakes. The ATR-FTIR data, coupled with high-resolution microscopy, reveals major physical and bio-chemical changes to the phospholipids and amide I and II proteins, as well as minor chemical changes to the structural polysaccharides and nucleic acids when compared to untreated cells. These changes can be attributed to the physical interaction of the BP nanoflakes with the cell membranes, combined with the oxidative stress induced by the degradation of the BP nanoflakes. This study provides insight into the biochemical interaction of BP nanoflakes with microbial cells, allowing for a better understanding of the antimicrobial mechanism of action that will be important for the next generation of applications such as implant coatings, wound dressings, or medical surfaces. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    A 2000-year record of hydroclimate variability inferred from oxygen isotopes in lake sediments on Kangaroo Island (Karti/Karta), South Australia
    (Elsevier, 2025-09-01) Rahman, M; Duxbury, LC; Cadd, HR; Klaebe, RM; Jacobsen, GE; Tibby, J; Tyler, JJ
    Understanding past hydroclimate variability through high-resolution records is key to assessing the recurrence of extreme climatic events, including prolonged droughts and floods and for sustainable environmental and economic planning. This study presents a sub-decadal-scale hydroclimate reconstruction based on oxygen isotope analysis of ostracod valves, extracted from the sediments of Lashmars Lagoon, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Sediment dating was based on 19 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) dates from pollen and plant macrofossils, alongside lead-210 and plutonium concentration analyses. Spanning the last ∼2000 years, the oxygen isotopes record a series of multi-decadal wet and dry periods, manifest in the relative precipitation-evaporation balance of the lake. Of note, the record implies periods of prolonged declines in water balance, tentatively interpreted as droughts, from ∼525 to 575 CE, ∼770–790 CE, ∼825–850 CE, and ∼980–1020 CE. By contrast, the periods from ∼150 to 450 CE and ∼600–750 CE were relatively wet. Unfortunately, ostracods were absent within the sediments deposited between ∼1250 and 1590 CE and as a result, no hydroclimatic pattern could be determined for this time period. The period from ∼1590 to 1800 CE appears to have been notably dry, prior to an increase in effective moisture during the last 200 years. The Lashmars Lagoon record exhibits similar trends to a record from Blue Lake, Mt. Gambier, approx. 500 km to the southeast. However, these records contrast with other hydroclimate records from further east, implying a complex relationship with regional climate drivers. Comparison with instrumental period rainfall data, and reconstructed indices for major ocean–atmosphere interactions suggests that periods of increased moisture balance on Kangaroo Island were influenced by a combination of Southern Ocean and Indian Ocean derived climate drivers. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access CC BY 4.0.