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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    “A spectroscopic picture paints 1000 words” mapping iron speciation in brain tissue with “full spectrum per pixel” X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy
    (Elsevier, 2021-12) Hackett, MJ; Ellison, G; Hollings, A; Colbourne, F; de Jonge, MD; Howard, DL
    Coordination chemistry enables a variety of vital functions in biological systems; however, characterising the chemical form of metal ions in cells and tissue is notoriously difficult. One technique that is gaining substantial momentum in this research area is X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The XANES spectrum can be a rich source of information with respect to the coordination environment of metal ions. Further, XANES spectroscopy is compatible with microscopy mapping protocols as the spectra are recorded across a relatively narrow range of data points (typically 50–100). Although the potential of XANES spectroscopy to study metal ion coordination chemistry has long been known, data collection speed has only relatively recently reached the state in which maps can be collected with a full spectrum per pixel. The realisation of this capability now places XANES spectroscopic mapping among a suite of other spectroscopic imaging techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which are available to characterise biochemical composition, in situ within cells and tissue. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept application of XANES spectroscopic mapping to begin exploration of Fe speciation in brain tissue, which demonstrates the potential of this method for the biomedical sciences, and identifies important areas for consideration with respect to future protocol developments. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open Access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
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    Implanting Ni-O-VOx sites into Cu-doped Ni for low-overpotential alkaline hydrogen evolution
    (Springer Nature, 2020-06-01) Li, YB; Tan, X; Hocking, RK; Bo, X; Ren, HJ; Johannessen, B; Smith, SC; Zhao, C
    Nickel-based catalysts are most commonly used in industrial alkaline water electrolysis. However, it remains a great challenge to address the sluggish reaction kinetics and severe deactivation problems of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we show a Cu-doped Ni catalyst implanted with Ni-O-VOx sites (Ni(Cu)VOx) for alkaline HER. The optimal Ni(Cu)VOx electrode exhibits a near-zero onset overpotential and low overpotential of 21 mV to deliver –10 mA cm−2, which is comparable to benchmark Pt/C catalyst. Evidence for the formation of Ni-O-VOx sites in Ni(Cu)VOx is established by systematic X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies. The VOx can cause a substantial dampening of Ni lattice and create an enlarged electrochemically active surface area. First-principles calculations support that the Ni-O-VOx sites are superactive and can promote the charge redistribution from Ni to VOx, which greatly weakens the H-adsorption and H2release free energy over Ni. This endows the Ni(Cu)VOx electrode high HER activity and long-term durability. © The Author(s) 2020. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Ordered perovskite structure with functional units for high performance and stable solar cells
    (Wiley, 2024-06-20) Wang, YL; Chen, JH; Zhang, YX; Tan, WL; Ku, ZL; Yuan, YB; Chen, Q; Huang, WC; McNeill, CR; Cheng, YB; Lu, JF
    Ion migration is one of the most critical challenges that affects the stability of metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the current arsenal of available strategies for solving this issue is limited. Here, novel perovskite active layers following the concept of ordered structures with functional units (OSFU) to intrinsically suppress ion migration, in which a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite layer is deposited by vapor deposition for light absorption and a 2D layer is deposited by solution process for ion inhibition, are constructed. As a promising result, the activation energy of ion migration increases from 0.36 eV for the conventional perovskite to 0.54 eV for the OSFU perovskite. These devices exhibit substantially enhanced operational stability in comparison with the conventional ones, retaining >85% of their initial efficiencies after 1200 h under ISOS-L-1. Moreover, the OSFU devices show negligible fatigue behavior with a robust performance under light/dark cycling aging test (ISOS-LC-1 protocol), which demonstrates the promising application of functional motif theory in this field. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH
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    Cooperative spin alignment enhances dimerization in the electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction
    (Springer Nature, 2025-08-14) Zhu, SY; Wu, Q; Dai, CC; Yu, A; Wu, T; Ren, X; Li, X; Tadich, A; Deng, DF; Liu, T; Wu, Q; Yue, MF; Xu, ZCJ
    Ammonia has recently attracted growing attention as a promising hydrogen carrier because it can be liquefied and stored in bulk under mild conditions. To fully harness its potential, more efforts are needed to elucidate and control the mechanisms of its decomposition. Here we show that intermediate dimerization processes proceed through a cooperative spin alignment effect between intermediates and can be promoted by the magnetic ordering rearrangement of magnetic substrates. We explored a series of Co/Pt magnetic thin-film catalysts as model materials to investigate spin-sensitive NHx dimerization and eventual enhancement on catalytic activity. Through in situ spectroscopic analysis and theoretical verification, we demonstrate that coupling of N–NH with aligned net magnetic moments is the most favourable with the lowest energy barriers. This provides a precedent for understanding spin kinetics to help improve the catalytic efficiency of electrochemical ammonia decomposition. © 2025 Springer Nature Limited.
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    Microstructure modification and corrosion resistance enhancement of die-cast Mg-Al-Re alloy by Sr alloying
    (Elsevier, 2021-05-15) Dargusch, MS; Shi, ZM; Zhu, HL; Atrens, A; Song, GL
    The effects of Sr additions on the microstructure and corrosion performance of a Mg-Al-RE alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl saturated with Mg(OH)2 have been investigated. Microstructure examination reveals that the Sr addition introduces additional intermetallic phases, refines intermetallic networks and dendritic grains, and improves the network continuity. More Al and rare earth elements can be identified in the intermetallics and grain boundaries or inter-dendrite regions under a transmission electron microscope and secondary electron microscope, respectively. On the Sr-containing intermetallic phases and the refined microstructure, the oxide films become more protective, resulting in more corrosion resistant boundary areas and thus dendrite grain grooves. Hence, the presence of large amounts of intermetallics and boundaries can enhance the corrosion performance of the Mg-Al-RE alloy containing Sr. © 2020 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. Open Access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.