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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Illuminating the biochemical interaction of antimicrobial few-layer black phosphorus with microbial cells using synchrotron macro-ATR-FTIR
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-12-20) Shaw, ZL; Cheeseman, S; Huang, LZY; Penman, R; Ahmed, T; Bryant, SJ; Bryant, G; Christofferson, AJ; Orrell-Trigg, R; Dekiwadia, C; Truong, ViK; Vongsvivut, JP; Walia, S; Elbourne, A
    In the fight against drug-resistant pathogenic bacterial and fungal cells, low-dimensional materials are emerging as a promising alternative treatment method. Specifically, few-layer black phosphorus (BP) has demonstrated its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogenic bacterial and fungal cells with studies suggesting low cytotoxicity towards healthy mammalian cells. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of action of BP is not well understood. Before new applications for this material can be realised, further in-depth investigations are required. In this work, the biochemical interaction between BP and a series of microbial cells is investigated using a variety of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to provide a greater understanding of the antimicrobial mechanism. Synchrotron macro-attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) micro-spectroscopy is used to elucidate the chemical changes occurring outside and within the cell of interest after exposure to BP nanoflakes. The ATR-FTIR data, coupled with high-resolution microscopy, reveals major physical and bio-chemical changes to the phospholipids and amide I and II proteins, as well as minor chemical changes to the structural polysaccharides and nucleic acids when compared to untreated cells. These changes can be attributed to the physical interaction of the BP nanoflakes with the cell membranes, combined with the oxidative stress induced by the degradation of the BP nanoflakes. This study provides insight into the biochemical interaction of BP nanoflakes with microbial cells, allowing for a better understanding of the antimicrobial mechanism of action that will be important for the next generation of applications such as implant coatings, wound dressings, or medical surfaces. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    A 2000-year record of hydroclimate variability inferred from oxygen isotopes in lake sediments on Kangaroo Island (Karti/Karta), South Australia
    (Elsevier, 2025-09-01) Rahman, M; Duxbury, LC; Cadd, HR; Klaebe, RM; Jacobsen, GE; Tibby, J; Tyler, JJ
    Understanding past hydroclimate variability through high-resolution records is key to assessing the recurrence of extreme climatic events, including prolonged droughts and floods and for sustainable environmental and economic planning. This study presents a sub-decadal-scale hydroclimate reconstruction based on oxygen isotope analysis of ostracod valves, extracted from the sediments of Lashmars Lagoon, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Sediment dating was based on 19 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) dates from pollen and plant macrofossils, alongside lead-210 and plutonium concentration analyses. Spanning the last ∼2000 years, the oxygen isotopes record a series of multi-decadal wet and dry periods, manifest in the relative precipitation-evaporation balance of the lake. Of note, the record implies periods of prolonged declines in water balance, tentatively interpreted as droughts, from ∼525 to 575 CE, ∼770–790 CE, ∼825–850 CE, and ∼980–1020 CE. By contrast, the periods from ∼150 to 450 CE and ∼600–750 CE were relatively wet. Unfortunately, ostracods were absent within the sediments deposited between ∼1250 and 1590 CE and as a result, no hydroclimatic pattern could be determined for this time period. The period from ∼1590 to 1800 CE appears to have been notably dry, prior to an increase in effective moisture during the last 200 years. The Lashmars Lagoon record exhibits similar trends to a record from Blue Lake, Mt. Gambier, approx. 500 km to the southeast. However, these records contrast with other hydroclimate records from further east, implying a complex relationship with regional climate drivers. Comparison with instrumental period rainfall data, and reconstructed indices for major ocean–atmosphere interactions suggests that periods of increased moisture balance on Kangaroo Island were influenced by a combination of Southern Ocean and Indian Ocean derived climate drivers. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Do we know enough to make future-proofed decisions about contaminants when decommissioning offshore oil and gas infrastructure?
    (CSIRO Publishing, 2023-05-11) Koppel, DJ; Gissi, F; Oluwoye, I; Cresswell, T
    Offshore oil and gas infrastructure must be decommissioned at the end of its operational life. The base case approach for decommissioning under Australia’s regulatory framework is the complete removal of all infrastructure. However, alternative decommissioning approaches, such as leaving some infrastructure in situ, may deliver better environmental, economic, and health and safety outcomes. Derogation from complete removal requirements is possible if alternative approaches have acceptable environment impacts and deliver equal or better environmental outcomes. Potential environmental contaminants are present in all offshore infrastructure and if decommissioned in situ could pose unacceptable risks to marine ecosystems. Contaminants may accumulate in infrastructure as a result of oil and gas production, such as scales of mercury and naturally occurring radioactive materials, or arise from the degradation of infrastructure itself, such as plastics and steel corrosion products. The unique behaviour and interactions of contaminants with local ecosystems makes assessing their potential impacts challenging. This presentation reports on the contaminants likely to be present in offshore oil and gas infrastructure proposed to be decommissioned in situ. The expected behaviour of these contaminants in the marine environment is discussed to give context to measures of their potential hazards (i.e. guideline values). This paper is intended to start a conversation and serve as a useful guide for titleholders and regulators about some data needs to assess potential contaminant impacts from in-situ decommissioning. © 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of APPEA.
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    Sludge biochar accelerates transformative phenolic compounds removal from wastewater via the coupling mechanism
    (Elsevier, 2024-12-15) Yang, YH; Song, Z; Ren, W; Vongsvivut, JP; Wang, Z; Ren, NQ; Duan, XG; Chen, YD
    In this work, we investigated the mechanism of the oxidation of phenolic compounds (PCs) by graphitic sludge biochar (SDBCs) via a catalytic coupling regime in the presence of potassium persulfate (PDS). In-situ synchrotron attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ ATR-FITR) combined with Raman spectroscopy directly monitored the formation of SDBC-PDS* complexes, which drove the electron-transfer pathway as evidenced by electrochemical tests and galvanic cell experiments. The coupling of pollutants into oligomers effectively reduced total organic carbon in water with a low PDS usage (PDS consumption to phenol degradation ratio of 2.2). Furthermore, our research showed that the biochar-based nonradical system effectively treats various PCs, with oxidation rates related to their half-wave potential and Hammett constant. Overall, this work explored sludge biochar engineering, PCs transformation and interfacial coupling mechanism, providing a novel approach for the efficient and cost-effective treatment of phenolic wastewater with low chemical input. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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    Reconstructions of the southern annular mode (SAM) during the last millennium
    (SAGE Publications, 2017-12-22) Hessl, AE; Allen, KJ; Vance, TR; Abram, NJ; Saunders, KM
    The leading mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere is the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), which affects the atmosphere and ocean from the mid-latitudes to the Antarctic. However, the short instrumental record of the SAM does not adequately represent its multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability. Long palaeoclimatic reconstructions of the SAM would improve our understanding of its low frequency behavior and its effects on regional temperature, rainfall, sea ice, and ecosystem processes. In this progress report, we review three published palaeoclimatic reconstructions available for understanding multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability of the SAM. Reconstructions reviewed here show similar patterns of decadal SAM variability during the last two centuries, but earlier centuries are less coherent. Reconstructions clearly maintain similar trends towards more positive SAM states since the onset of significant anthropogenic climate forcing from rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations and ozone depletion and these excursions appear unprecedented over at least the last 500 years. We describe how new multi-proxy reconstructions of the SAM could further improve our understanding of its long-term variability and effects across all geographic sectors of the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we recommend careful selection and development of proxies in SAM-sensitive regions and seasons. In particular, proxies related to cool-season conditions and from the poorly-sampled Indian Ocean sector would allow for a true circumpolar and year-round reconstruction of past SAM variability. Copyright © 2017, Sage Publications