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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Antarctic permafrost processes and antiphase dynamics of cold-based glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys inferred from 10Be and 26Al cosmogenic nuclides
    (Copernicus Publications, 2023-11-24) Anderson, JTH; Fujioka, T; Fink, D; Hidy, AJ; Wilson, GS; Wilcken, K; Abramov, A; Demidov, N
    Soil and sediment mixing and associated permafrost processes are not widely studied or understood in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. In this study, we investigate the stability and depositional history of near-surface permafrost sediments to ∼ 3 m depth in the Pearse and lower Wright valleys using measured cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al depth profiles. In Pearse Valley, we estimate a minimum depositional age of ∼ 74 ka for the active layer and paleoactive-layer sediments (< 0.65 m). Combined depth profile modelling of 10Be and 26Al gives a depositional age for near-surface (< 1.65 m) permafrost in Pearse Valley of 180 +20/-40 ka, implying that the deposition of permafrost sediments predates MIS 5 advances of Taylor Glacier. Deeper permafrost sediments (> 2.09 m) in Pearse Valley are thus inferred to have a depositional age of > 180 ka. At a coastal, lower-elevation site in neighbouring lower Wright Valley, 10Be and 26Al depth profiles from a second permafrost core exhibit near-constant concentrations with depth and indicate the sediments are either vertically mixed after deposition or sufficiently young so that post-depositional nuclide production is negligible relative to inheritance. 26Al/10Be concentration ratios for both depth profiles range between 4.0 and 5.2 and are all lower than the nominal surface production rate ratio of 6.75, indicating that prior to deposition, these sediments experienced complex, yet similar, exposure–burial histories. Assuming a single-cycle exposure–burial scenario, the observed 26Al/10Be ratios are equivalent to a total minimum exposure–burial history of ∼ 1.2 Myr. In proximity to the depth profile core site, we measured cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in three granite cobbles from thin, patchy drift (Taylor 2 Drift) in Pearse Valley to constrain the timing of retreat of Taylor Glacier. Assuming simple continuous exposure, our minimum, zero-erosion exposure ages suggest Taylor Glacier partially retreated from Pearse Valley no later than 65–74 ka. The timing of retreat after 65 ka and until the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) when Taylor Glacier was at a minimum position remains unresolved. The surface cobble ages and permafrost processes reveal Taylor Glacier advances during MIS 5 were non-erosive or mildly erosive, preserving the underlying permafrost sediments and peppering boulders and cobbles upon an older, relict surface. Our results are consistent with U/Th ages from central Taylor Valley and suggest changes in moisture delivery over Taylor Dome during MIS 5e, 5c, and 5a appear to be associated with the extent of the Ross Ice Shelf and sea ice in the Ross Sea. These data provide further evidence of antiphase behaviour through retreat of a peripheral lobe of Taylor Glacier in Pearse Valley, a region that was glaciated during MIS 5. We suggest a causal relationship of cold-based glacier advance and retreat that is controlled by an increase in moisture availability during retreat of sea ice and perhaps the Ross Ice Shelf, as well as, conversely, a decrease during times of sea ice and Ross Ice Shelf expansion in the Ross Sea. © Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
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    Effect of electroshocking treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited near-β Ti-55531 thin-wall
    (Elsevier, 2023-03-05) Wen, Y; Liu, P; Guo, HJ; Tian, LL; Wang, LQ; Wang, ZY; Hua, L; Xie, LH
    The near-β Ti-55531 (Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr, wt%) alloy with thin-wall structures were manufactured by laser melting deposition (LMD), and followed by the post-processing of electroshocking treatment (EST). The microstructure evolution before and after EST were characterized via using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the microstructure of as-deposited specimen was mainly composed of short columnar grains and equiaxed grains, showing a unique structure of alternating short columnar grains-equiaxed grains-short columnar grains. The results of EBSD showed that EST could reduce the orientation concentration and weaken the texture of β phase. XRD results indicated that the α phase content slightly increased after EST. The micro-strain and lattice constant of β phase were changed after EST, which were probably ascribed to the precipitation of α, the generation of crystal defects on α/β interface, and the decrease of texture intensity. The results of mechanical properties indicated that EST could increase the microhardness, the yield strength and the tensile strength, which were due to the variation of microstructure. All results show that EST is an effective approach for optimizing the microstructure and improving the mechanical properties of LMD near-β titanium alloy. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Chemical imaging of a Symbiodinium sp. cell using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy: a feasibility study
    (Wiley, 2018-04) Gordon, BR; Martin, DE; Bambery, KR; Motti, CA
    The symbiotic relationship between corals and Symbiodinium spp. is the key to the success and survival of coral reef ecosystems the world over. Nutrient exchange and chemical communication between the two partners provides the foundation of this key relationship, yet we are far from a complete understanding of these processes. This is due, in part, to the difficulties associated with studying an intracellular symbiosis at the small spatial scales required to elucidate metabolic interactions between the two partners. This feasibility study, which accompanied a more extensive investigation of fixed Symbiodinium cells (data unpublished), examines the potential of using synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy (SR-IRM) for exploring metabolite localisation within a single Symbiodinium cell. In doing so, three chemically distinct subcellular regions of a single Symbiodinium cell were established and correlated to cellular function based on assignment of diagnostic chemical classes. © 2017 The Authors.
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    Variable temperature in situ neutron powder diffraction and conductivity studies of undoped HoNbO4 and HoTaO4
    (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2024-05-06) Mullens, BG; Saura-Múzquiz, M; Cordaro, G; Marlton, FP; Maynard-Casely, HE; Zhang, ZM; Baldinozzi, G; Kennedy, BJ
    Neutron powder diffraction data has been used to quantify the monoclinic (space group I2/a) to tetragonal (I41/a) phase transition that occurs at 775 °C in HoNbO4 and 1300 °C in HoTaO4. In both cases, deviation from second-order behavior is evident. The LnTaO4 (Ln = Tb–Er) family of oxides has the potential to adopt one of monoclinic, I2/a or P2/c, structures depending on the synthesis conditions. The monoclinic P2/c polymorph of HoTaO4 undergoes an irreversible first-order phase transition to the high-temperature I41/a scheelite-type structure upon heating, with the monoclinic I2/a phase recovered upon cooling. This is the first direct evidence of this irreversible phase transition and implies a maximum heating temperature to synthesize the P2/c phase for potential ionic conductivity applications. Heating a green powder mixture of Ho2O3 + Ta2O5 revealed a complex series of phase transformations, including the observation of a weberite-type Ho3TaO7 intermediate between 1200 and 1390 °C that was not observed upon cooling. Coupled with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, this diffraction data provides a structural model that explains the higher mobility of charge carriers in LnTaO4 materials that can be used to identify dopants and improve their ionic conductivity and applicability. Undoped HoNbO4 and HoTaO4 are poor conductors, and the activation energy of tetragonal HoNbO4 is greater than that of the monoclinic polymorphs. Oxygen ion and proton conductivities of the undoped structures occur via interstitial oxygen sites (∼10–6 S cm–1 at 800 °C), providing a potential avenue to improve their application in practical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
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    Phonon density of states of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles via molecular dynamics simulations
    (Elsevier, 2026-01) Galaviz, P; Portwin, KA; Yu, DH; Rule, KC; Cortie, DL; Cheng, ZX
    This study presents a comprehensive computational investigation of magnetite nanoparticles, systematically evaluating a range of force fields against experimental results. We analyze the influence of particle size, temperature, and surface-adsorbed water molecules on the structural and dynamic properties of the nanoparticles. We performed classical molecular dynamics simulations of nanoparticles and bulk magnetite and utilized density functional theory calculations for bulk magnetite for comparison. Our results reveal that nanoparticle size and the presence of adsorbed water molecules have a pronounced impact on the vibrational density of states. Specifically, as the nanoparticle size is decreased, phonon modes exhibit significant broadening and softening, which is attributable to reduced phonon lifetimes resulting from enhanced boundary scattering. The incorporation of water further broadens the density of states and extends the spectra to higher energy regions. Temperature variations result in a slight broadening and softening of the phonon density of states, particularly in the oxygen-dominated region, which is attributed to phonon anharmonicity. Our results close a gap by providing a systematic phonon density of states study on magnetite nanoparticles and outline a reusable framework for characterizing similar nanomaterials. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. Open Access CC BY 4.0.