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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Structure elucidation of castor oil based self-condensed polyols and applications in flexible foams and elastomers
    (Springer Nature, 2024-04) Shrestha, ML; Noble, I; Ionescu, M; Dai, J; Hong, J; Petrović, ZS
    Self-transesterification of castor oil was employed to prepare higher molar mass polyols possessing interesting properties that can be used without purification. The resulting structure of the polyols is complex due to the reversible nature of transesterification reaction, allowing formation and destruction of new polyols simultaneously. Detailed structures of the prepared polyols were studied using spectrometric analysis including MALDI-TOF, that enables identification of the anticipated structures, supporting the proposed mechanism. In addition, polyurethane elastomers were prepared from these polyols, and yielded soft materials with low Shore A hardness. These polyols were also tested in molded polyurethane foams and their polyurethane properties were compared with those of commercial bio-polyols. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
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    Developing robust lake sediment chronologies using 210Pb, Pu and radiocarbon dating of pollen concentrates and macrofossil: a case study from Lake Surprise, Victoria, Australia
    (Elsevier, 2025-08) Dharmarathna, A; Cadd, HR; Barr, C; Francke, A; Hua, Q; Child, DP; Hotchkis, MAC; Zawadzki, AW; Gadd, PS; Turney, CSM; Marjo, CE; Tibby, J; Tyler, JJ
    The development of reliable sediment chronologies is crucial for accurate interpretations of decadal to century-scale palaeoenvironmental changes in the late Quaternary. Although radiocarbon dating of sedimentary sequences is commonly undertaken, not all the organic fractions are representative of atmospheric 14C levels, resulting in inaccurate age models. Whilst terrestrial plant macrofossils are widely considered ideal dating material – assuming they are contemporaneous with the horizons being dated – they are often sparse or absent. In this context, radiocarbon dating of pollen extracts is increasingly being used as alternative dating material. Here, we used pollen radiocarbon dating, alongside a suite of macrofossil and bulk sediment dates, to develop a chronology for the Holocene sediments of Lake Surprise, in Victoria, Australia. 210Pb activity and Plutonium (Pu) concentrations and isotope ratios were also analysed to constrain the age of the uppermost sediments, augmented with recent historical markers, including the first arrival of Pinus pollen and the date of an earlier coring expedition at the site in 2004. With respect to the radiocarbon dates, we found an age offset between the plant macrofossils and bulk sediment dates of 260 ± 86 14C years and an offset of ∼340 14C years between plant macrofossil and pollen extracts. In both cases, macrofossil dates appeared to be “younger” than the bulk sediment and pollen dates. The offset between pollen and plant macrofossil dates was found to vary with sediment depth and generally correlate with carbonate concentration in the sediment. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we determined that the pollen extracts were not contaminated by either carbonate or charcoal. However, contamination by algal spores could not be ruled out, and we hypothesise that those algal spores may have assimilated aged dissolved inorganic carbon during periods of higher groundwater influx, thus altering the measured radiocarbon age of the pollen extract. Macrofossil and corrected pollen radiocarbon dates were incorporated in a Bayesian age-depth model which integrated 210Pb activities and Pu data and bomb pulse C-14 dates validated using recent historical age markers. Our results suggest that it is possible to generate a robust geochronological framework for Lake Surprise using radiocarbon dating back to at least ∼10,846 cal yr BP. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Manipulating a thermosalient crystal using selective deuteration
    (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2025-02-20) Angeloski, A; Galaviz, P; Mole, RA; Piltz, RO; McDonagh, AM; Ennis, C; Appadoo, DRT
    The thermosalient transformation in nickel(II) bis(diisopropyl)dithiocarbamate has been investigated using selective deuteration. The deuterated crystals undergo a reversible displacive phase transition that is ∼4 K higher in temperature compared to the protonated analogue. Neutron, synchrotron, density-functional theory, and calorimetric techniques were utilized to demonstrate the substantial effect of deuterium. All techniques demonstrated the equivalence of the mechanism on an atomic scale between the protonated and deuterated complexes. The data collected in this study reveal details of the changes of atomic motion that underpin the thermosalience inherent in this system. Deuterium decreased the frequency of atomic vibrations thus increasing the temperature of the observed transformation. This study represents a key advancement in the field of thermosalient molecular systems and provides insights into the control and manipulation of thermosalient materials. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. Open Access CC-BY 4.0.
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    Tumor-activated nanocomplex reprograms cancer and macrophage metabolism in opposite directions to overcome immune suppression
    (Elsevier, 2026-03) Dai, ZZ; Wang, QY; Zhang, M; Shi, Y; Yang, Y; Song, H; Wang, R; Johannessen, B; Zhen, X; Yu, CZ
    Immunotherapy efficacy is hindered by the immunosuppressive metabolism of cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), yet their opposite metabolic programs complicate synchronized modulation of tumor microenvironment. Here, we report an acid-activated Fe-Zn nanocomplex (FZNC) that transforms into spiky FeOOH nanoparticles within the tumor microenvironment. This transformation enhances cellular uptake and enables selective scavenging of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S)-a metabolite that promotes glycolysis in cancer cells and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in TAMs. Local H<sub>2</sub>S depletion by FZNCs induces a bidirectional metabolic shift: cancer cells are redirected from glycolysis to OXPHOS, while TAMs switch from OXPHOS to glycolysis. This dual reprogramming enhances tumor immunogenicity with increased dendritic cell maturation and M1 polarization in vitro, and enhanced cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in vivo. FZNCs treatment suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, with synergistic effects when combined with PD-L1 blockade. This work introduces a materials-based strategy to spatially coordinate opposing metabolic programs for improved antitumor immunity. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Magneto-electric coupling beyond van der Waals interaction in two-dimensional multiferroic heterostructures
    (AIP Publishing, 2023-12-25) Jin, C; Liu, C; Ren, FZ; Wang, B; Jia, ML; Gu, QF
    Exploring two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic systems with strong magneto-electric coupling properties holds significant application value in nanoscale spintronics devices. However, due to the weak interlayer van der Waals interactions, strong magneto-electric coupling in 2D heterostructures is relatively rare. By using first-principles simulations, we demonstrate that in the NiPS3/Sc2CO2 heterostructure, the ferroelectric polarization switching of the Sc2CO2 layer induces a transition in the magnetic ground state of the NiPS3 layer from the ferromagnetic state to antiferromagnetic ordering, accompanied by a transformation from a semiconductor to a half-metallic state. This magnetic phase transition is caused by a novel magneto-electric coupling mechanism: the polarization switching changes the band alignment between the two materials and then induces a significant interlayer charge transfer, leading to the emergence of Stoner itinerant ferromagnetism. In addition, the polarization switching can also change the magnetic anisotropy from an easy magnetization plane to an easy magnetization axis. These results not only offer a promising multiferroic heterostructure for nonvolatile memory devices and magnetic sensors but also provide a feasible approach for designing multiferroic system with strong magneto-electric coupling. © 2023 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.