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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Appendicular morphology of Mesenosaurus efremovi and the earliest occurrence of a calcaneal tuberosity
    (Taylor & Francis, 2025-11-17) Rowe, DCT; Young, JM; Boyd, BP; Bevitt, JJ; Reisz, RR
    The Richards Spur locality in Oklahoma, U.S.A. is renowned for its diverse assemblage of early Permian terrestrial tetrapods, including the varanopid Mesenosaurus efremovi. Recent quarrying operations yielded numerous skeletal remains attributed to this taxon, including partially articulated cranial and postcranial remains with the latter being especially important given the comparatively minimal description in previous studies. The specimens used in this study, including a superbly preserved hindfoot, all represent approximately the same growth stage, and collectively reveal the morphology of the entire pelvis and hindlimb in unprecedented detail. CT data, analysed using the segmentation software Avizo, was utilised to examine the hindfoot specimen. As in other varanopids, the limb proportions of this predator are gracile, the bones being more slender than in the similarly well-known taxon Varanops. In addition, M. efremovi exhibits unique ankle morphologies including a highly robust astragalus with a massive transverse ridge and a medially oriented tibial articular surface, a pronounced lateral calcaneal tuberosity and an enlarged fourth tarsal. These likely diagnostic features of Mesenosaurus point to specialised lower limb design for rapid locomotion, and further confirms its close relationship to the middle Permian M. romeri from Russia and consequent temporal longevity of this varanopid genus.
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    Correlative imaging reveals metal dyshomeostasis and altered zinc coordination environments in a pre-clinical Type 2 diabetes model
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2026-01-02) Ellison, G; Sharif, A; Willans, M; Hollings, A; Takechi, R; Bambery, KR; Mitchell, VD; Howard, DL; Hackett, MJ
    Zinc ions are highly abundant in pancreatic islet tissue, and multiple lines of evidence link loss of zinc homeostasis to poor glucose regulation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Two major islet zinc-binding proteins, insulin and metallothionein, play crucial roles in beta cell function and glucose regulation. Here we used X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) to map zinc and five additional elements (Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Cu) to compare the metallome of exocrine, peri-islet and islet regions in young and old, non-diabetic control and diabetic (db/db) mice. We also determined the main forms of zinc found in pancreatic tissue using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopic imaging. This allowed investigation of the relationship between zinc speciation and its protein ligands using correlative immunofluorescent imaging to assess whether zinc coordination may play a role in diabetes pathology. The anticipated depletion of zinc in young diabetic islets was accompanied by a significant decrease in insulin expression and increase in metallothionein expression. A parallel change in the contribution of cysteine vs histidine zinc speciation was also observed. Counter-intuitively, zinc abundance and speciation appeared to normalise in old diabetic animals with more advanced disease, despite large differences in labile zinc-binding protein content. These results are consistent with disrupted zinc coordination, where metallothionein-regulated muffling to minimise ionic activity is overwhelmed and zinc binds to unidentified ligands in histidine-like conformations. This opens future study questions focussed on the complex interplay between labile zinc, metallothionein, and oxidative mechanisms that may interfere with normal zinc homeostasis. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Hydrothermal syntheses of uranium oxide hydrate materials with Sm(III) ions: pH-driven diversities in structures and morphologies and Sm-doped porous uranium oxides derived from their thermal decompositions
    (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021-08-27) Lu, KT; Zhang, YJ; Wei, T; Wang, ZY; Oldfield, DT; Zheng, RK
    We report the hydrothermal syntheses of three uranyl oxide hydroxy–hydrate (UOH) materials containing Sm(III) ions (UOH-Sm) by controlling the solution pH and a new way to make Sm-doped porous uranium oxides with different U-to-Sm atomic ratios via their thermal decompositions. While layer-structured UOH-Sm phases with U-to-Sm atomic ratios of 1 (UOH-Sm1) and 4 (UOH-Sm2) were obtained from the reaction of schoepite and samarium nitrate with final solution pH values of over 4, similar reactions without pH adjustment with final solution pH values of less than 4 led to the formation of a uranyl oxide framework (UOF-Sm) with a U-to-Sm atomic ratio of 5.5. The crystal structure of compound UOF-Sm was revealed with synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction and confirmed with transmission electron microscopy. The two-dimensional uranyl oxide hydroxide layers, similar to that for β-U3O8, are linked by double pentagonal uranyl polyhedra to form a three-dimensional framework with Sm(III) ions in the channels. Scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed nanoplate crystal morphologies for the two UOH-Sm phases, in contrast to the needle morphology for UOF-Sm. Subsequent thermal treatments led to the formation of Sm-doped uranium oxides, maintaining the original crystal shapes and U-to-Sm ratios but with nanopores. This work demonstrated that the hydrothermal synthesis conditions, especially fine-tuning of the solution pH, have a significant impact on the uranium hydrolysis, thus leading to well-defined products. This will facilitate the targeted syntheses of UOH phases with lanthanide (Ln) ions and explore the subsequent applications of these materials and Ln-doped porous uranium oxides as potential nuclear or functional materials. © 2021 American Chemical Society.
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    Introducing 4s–2p orbital hybridization to stabilize spinel oxide cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries
    (Wiley, 2022-06-27) Liang, GM; Olsson, E; Zou, JS; Wu, ZB; Li, JX; Lu, CZ; D'Angelo, AM; Johannessen, B; Thomsen, L; Cowie, B; Peterson, VK; Cai, Q; Pang, WK; Guo, ZP
    Oxides composed of an oxygen framework and interstitial cations are promising cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the instability of the oxygen framework under harsh operating conditions results in fast battery capacity decay, due to the weak orbital interactions between cations and oxygen (mainly 3d–2p interaction). Here, a robust and endurable oxygen framework is created by introducing strong 4s–2p orbital hybridization into the structure using LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 oxide as an example. The modified oxide delivers extraordinarily stable battery performance, achieving 71.4 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 C. This work shows that an orbital‐level understanding can be leveraged to engineer high structural stability of the anion oxygen framework of oxides. Moreover, the similarity of the oxygen lattice between oxide electrodes makes this approach extendable to other electrodes, with orbital‐focused engineering a new avenue for the fundamental modification of battery materials. © 2022 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
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    Evolution of the magnetic structure of TbRu2Al10 in applied field
    (Elsevier, 2016-09-15) White, R; Hutchison, WD; Mizushima, T; Studer, AJ
    TbRu2Al10 is found to undergo two magnetic phase transitions as a function of temperature and three as a function of applied field at low temperature. The Tb3+ magnetic moments order antiferromagnetically along the c-axis at 15.0(3) K, with an incommensurate sinusoidally modulated structure with a propagation vector of k = (0, 0.759(1), 0). At 6.5(3) K the structure switches to square wave order. Analysis of single crystal TbRu2Al10 has revealed that this square wave structure is altered to a 'pulse wave' on application of a 1.30 T magnetic field along the c-axis, with two in fifty of the magnetic moments across the structure changing direction to be aligned parallel with the direction of the field. At 1.85 T a further three moments flip, leading to a duty cycle of 60% and resulting in a total change of one in ten moments from the starting square wave structure. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.