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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Engineering magnetic heterostructures with synergistic regulation of charge‐transfer and spin‐ordering for enhanced water oxidation
    (Wiley, 2025-01-20) Hao, CY; Wu, Y; Zheng, XB; Du, YM; Fan, YM; Pang, WK; Tadich, A; Zhang, SJ; Frauenheim, T; Ma, TY; Li, XN; Cheng, ZX
    The design of heterojunctions offers a crucial solution for energy conversion and storage challenges, but current research predominantly focuses on charge transfer benefits, often neglecting spin attribute regulation despite the increasing recognition of spin‐sensitivity in many chemical reactions. In this study, a novel magnetic heterostructure, CoFe2O4@CoFeMo3O8, is designed to simultaneously modulate charge and spin characteristics, and systematically elucidated their synergistic impact on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Experimental results and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the magnetic heterostructure exhibits both charge transfer and spin polarization. It is found that the charge‐transfer behavior enhances conductivity and adsorption ability through band structure regulation. Meanwhile, magnetically polarized electrons promote triplet O2 generation and accelerate electron transport via spin‐selective pathways. Moreover, the heterostructure's effective response to external alternating magnetic fields further amplifies the spin‐dependent effect and introduces a magnetothermal effect, locally heating the active sites through spin flip, thereby boosting catalytic activity. Consequently, the OER activity of the magnetic heterostructure is improved by 83.8 times at 1.5 V compared to its individual components. This magnetic heterojunction strategy presents a promising avenue for advanced catalysis through synergistic regulating of charge‐transfer and spin‐ordering. © 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Formulation and mechanism of copper tartrate – a novel anode material for lithium-ion batteries
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2023-07-27) Teusner, M; Mittal, U; Lessio, M; Johannessen, B; Mata, J; Sharma, N
    Batteries play an increasingly critical role in the functioning of contemporary society. To ensure future proofing of battery technology, new materials and methods that overcome the current shortcomings need to be developed. Here we report the use of the inexpensive and off the shelf metal–carboxylate, copper tartrate, as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries, providing a specific capacity of 744 mA h g−1 when cycled at 50 mA g−1. Additionally, an unusual capacity gain with cycling is investigated using advanced techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and small and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS), providing insight into the structure–performance relationship of the electrode. Subsequently, a novel method of in situ generation of the active material is demonstrated using the reaction between the parent acid, tartaric acid, and the copper current collector during electrode formulation. This serves to increase and stabilise the electrode performance, as well as to make use of a cheaper feedstock (tartaric acid), and reduce some of the “dead mass” of the copper current collector. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry on behalf of the Owner Societies.
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    Breaking scaling relations via Fe/Ni diatomic catalysts towards highly efficient electrocatalysts for rechargeable Na-air batteries
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2025-09-15) Yin, WW; Ma, JW; Li, YY; Cheng, Q; Johannessen, B; Xie, FX; Wu, MM
    Single-atom catalysts with two metal sites can circumvent the inherent scaling relations, achieving high-performance sodium-air batteries. Exploiting bifunctional and highly efficient electrocatalysts that can facilitate the reversible formation and decomposition of discharge products is crucial for rechargeable Na-air batteries (SABs). However, restricted by scaling relations, air cathodes based on single metal systems usually exhibit inferior activity and fail to achieve a stable and long cycle life of Na-air batteries. Dual single-atom catalysts (DACs) with two metal sites can circumvent the scaling relations and endow the single-atom catalysts with superior activity. Herein, we present a hollow carbon microsphere loaded with Ni and Fe single atoms (Ni-HCMs-Fe) as a demonstration of DAC air cathodes for SABs. Notably, Na-air batteries with Ni-HCMs-Fe as an air cathode can achieve a low overpotential gap of 530 mV, a high specific capacity of 5382.9 mAh g −1 , and an ultralong cycle life of over 450 cycles (1800 hours) with NaO2 as the main discharge product. Due to the different adsorption energies between oxygenated intermediates and Ni/Fe sites, the Ni-HCMs-Fe catalysts can break through the scaling relations and display optimized binding ability towards intermediates, thus boosting the reversible formation and decomposition of NaO2 in SABs. This work pioneers the use of DACs in SABs, paving the way for their practical applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Differing effects of parathyroid hormone, alendronate, and odanacatib on bone formation and on the mineralization process in intracortical and endocortical bone of ovariectomized rabbits
    (Springer Nature, 2018-07-18) Vrahnas, C; Buenzli, PR; Pearson, TA; Pennypacker, BL; Tobin, MJ; Bambery, KR; Duong, LT; Sims, NA
    Bone is formed by deposition of a collagen-containing matrix (osteoid) that hardens over time as mineral crystals accrue and are modified; this continues until bone remodeling renews that site. Pharmacological agents for osteoporosis differ in their effects on bone remodeling, and we hypothesized that they may differently modify bone mineral accrual. We, therefore, assessed newly formed bone in mature ovariectomized rabbits treated with the anti-resorptive bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN—100µ g/kg/2×/week), the anabolic parathyroid hormone (PTH (1–34)—15µ g/kg/5×/week), or the experimental anti-resorptive odanacatib (ODN 7.5 µM/day), which suppresses bone resorption without suppressing bone formation. Treatments were administered for 10 months commencing 6 months after ovariectomy (OVX). Strength testing, histomorphometry, and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy were used to measure bone strength, bone formation, and mineral accrual, respectively, in newly formed endocortical and intracortical bone. In Sham and OVX endocortical and intracortical bone, three modifications occurred as the bone matrix aged: mineral accrual (increase in mineral:matrix ratio), carbonate substitution (increase in carbonate:mineral ratio), and collagen molecular compaction (decrease in amide I:II ratio). ALN suppressed bone formation but mineral accrued normally at those sites where bone formation occurred. PTH stimulated bone formation on endocortical, periosteal, and intracortical bone surfaces, but mineral accrual and carbonate substitution were suppressed, particularly in intracortical bone. ODN treatment did not suppress bone formation, but newly deposited endocortical bone matured more slowly with ODN, and ODN-treated intracortical bone had less carbonate substitution than controls. In conclusion, these agents differ in their effects on the bone matrix. While ALN suppresses bone formation, it does not modify bone mineral accrual in endocortical or intracortical bone. While ODN does not suppress bone formation, it slows matrix maturation. PTH stimulates modelling-based bone formation not only on endocortical and trabecular surfaces, but may also do so in intracortical bone; at this site, new bone deposited contains less mineral than normal. Copyright © 2018, Springer Science Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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    Carbon isotope analysis shows introduced bovines have broader dietary range than the largest native herbivores in an Australian tropical savanna
    (Wiley, 2020-02) Reid, AM; Murphy, BP; Vigilante, T; Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corporation; Barry, LA; Bowman, DMJS
    Australian savannas lack native megaherbivores (>500 kg body mass), but since the commencement of European colonisation in the 19th century bovine livestock, such as cattle ( Bos sp.) and water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ), have established large feral populations that continue to geographically expand. The largest extant native herbivores are marsupials in the family Macropodidae (henceforth 'macropods': common wallaroo, Osphranter robustus [c. 40 kg]; antilopine wallaroo, O. antilopinus [c. 35 kg] and agile wallaby, Notamacropus agilis [c. 20 kg]). These species occur at low densities, with evidence that some species are in decline, the cause of which remains uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that bovines and macropods compete for nutritious forage in the North Kimberley, Western Australia by using carbon isotope analysis of feral cattle and native macropod dung (as a proxy for the relative contribution of C 4 grass to their diet) and nutrient analysis of standing herbaceous biomass. Grass consumption varied between macropod species and was highest in larger wallaroo species and lowest in the smaller agile wallaby reflecting its broader diet. Grass consumption by wallaroos was maximal on fertile sites. The relative abundance of grass in the diet of cattle was lowest in the middle of the dry season with an interaction between fire and substrate fertility where grass consumption was highest on fertile sites, particularly those recently burnt. Grass consumption by cattle and wallaroos was negatively correlated with fibre content of live biomass, which was lowest on fertile and burnt sites. Introduced bovines shift their diets to non‐grasses as quality of herbaceous biomass declines with increasing fibre content, and by contrast, the largest macropod herbivores do not have this dietary flexibility. We conclude a plausible mechanism for the success of bovines and the decline of large macropods in Australian savannas is competition for nutritious grass that is abundant immediately after fire. © 2019 Ecological Society of Australia.