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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Effect of post-synthesis processing on the electrochemical performance of Y2W3O12
    (American Chemical Society, 2023-02-13) Mittal, U; Teusner, M; Brand, HEA; Mata, JP; Kundu, D; Sharma, N
    Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are enabling the uptake of electric vehicles and providing grid-scale storage solutions for renewable energy generation. However, it is vital to develop new and advanced electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries to meet various applied considerations such as cost, safety, toxicity, and performance. Here, solid-state synthesized Y2W3O12 is demonstrated as a high-rate active anode material in lithium-ion batteries, producing an initial discharge capacity of 637 mAh/g although with a very poor initial Coulombic efficiency of 35%. To improve the performance, simple post-synthetic milling and carbon coating are investigated. Carbon coating of the material leads to significant performance enhancement in both the unmilled and milled samples. For instance, the unmilled carbon coated electrodes maintained a high capacity of ∼140 mAh/g at 1600 mA/g after 2000 cycles with no capacity fading from cycle 200 to 2000. Such a remarkable rate performance and an excellent long-term cycling stability showcase the great potential of this unconventional electrode material in fast-charge and high-power applications. This facile post-synthesis process can be easily applied to other electrode material candidates to enhance their electrochemical performance. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
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    Low temperature magnetic properties of Nd2Ru2O7
    (IOP Publishing, 2018-03-19) Ku, ST; Kumar, D; Lees, MR; Lee, WT; Aldus, RJ; Studer, AJ; Imperia, P; Asai, S; Masuda, T; Chen, SW; Chen, JM; Chang, LJ
    We present magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and neutron diffraction measurements of polycrystalline Nd2Ru2O7 down to 0.4 K. Three anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility measurements at 146, 21 and 1.8 K are associated with an antiferromagnetic ordering of the Ru4+ moments, a weak ferromagnetic signal attributed to a canting of the Ru4+ and Nd3+ moments, and a long-range-ordering of the Nd3+ moments, respectively. The long-range order of the Nd3+ moments was observed in all the measurements, indicating that the ground state of the compound is not a spin glass. The magnetic entropy of Rln2 accumulated up to 5 K, suggests the Nd3+ has a doublet ground state. Lattice distortions accompany the transitions, as revealed by neutron diffraction measurements, and in agreement with earlier synchrotron x-ray studies. The magnetic moment of the Nd3+ ion at 0.4 K is estimated to be 1.54(2)μ B and the magnetic structure is all-in all-out as determined by our neutron diffraction measurements. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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    Controlling low temperature sintering of UO2+x
    (Elsevier, 2024-11) Frost, DG; Burr, PA; Obbard, EG; Veliscek-Carolan, J
    UO2 nuclear fuel pellets are typically sintered at temperatures of approximately 1700 °C to achieve the high densities and large grain sizes necessary for safe reactor operation. Lowering this sintering temperature is desirable in order to decrease the energy input required for fuel manufacture. Hence, the effect of temperature, time, stoichiometry and ZrO2 doping on sintering efficacy have been investigated. ZrO2 doping, coupled with hyper-stochiometry, acted as a strong sintering aid, enabling higher densities and larger grain sizes when sintering at lower temperatures and for shorter periods compared to the undoped samples. Without ZrO2 doping, at 1500 °C sintering was strongly sensitive to hyper-stoichiometry and only weakly sensitive to sintering duration. Addition of 0.13 mol fraction ZrO2 increased theoretical density up to 10 % and the maximum grain size from 8 µm to 40 µm. Addition of 0.30 mol fraction ZrO2 resulted in even greater densification, reaching 98 % of maximum theoretical density, but also formation of a secondary phase that hindered grain growth. © 2024 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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    High entropy alloys enable durable and efficient lithium‐mediated CO2 redox reactions
    (Wiley, 2024-04-01) Sun, L; Yuwono, JA; Zhang, S; Chen, B; Li, GJ; Jin, HJ; Johannessen, B; Mao, JF; Zhang, CF; Zubair, M; Bedford, NM; Guo, ZP
    Designing electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for multistep reduction and oxidation reactions is challenging. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are intriguing due to their tunable geometric and electronic structure through entropy effects. However, understanding the origin of their exceptional performance and identifying active centers is hindered by the diverse microenvironment in HEAs. Herein, NiFeCoCuRu HEAs designed with an average diameter of 2.17 nm, featuring different adsorption capacities for various reactants and intermediates in Li‐mediated CO2 redox reactions, are introduced. The electronegativity‐dependent nature of NiFeCoCuRu HEAs induces significant charge redistribution, shifting the d‐band center closer to Fermi level and forming highly active clusters of Ru, Co, and Ni for Li‐based compounds adsorptions. This lowers energy barriers and simultaneously stabilizes *LiCO2 and LiCO3+CO intermediates, enhancing the efficiency of both CO2 reduction and Li2CO3 decomposition over extended periods. This work provides insights into specific active site interactions with intermediates, highlighting the potential of HEAs as promising catalysts for intricate CO2 redox reactions. © 2024 The Authors. Advanced Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Adelaide, as part of the Wiley - The University of Adelaide agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians
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    Skill-testing chemical transport models across contrasting atmospheric mixing states using radon-222
    (MDPI, 2019-01-11) Chambers, SD; Guérette, EA; Monk, K; Griffiths, AD; Zhang, Y; Duc, H; Cope, M; Emmerson, KM; Chang, LT; Silver, JD; Utembe, S; Crawford, J; Williams, AG; Keywood, MD
    We propose a new technique to prepare statistically-robust benchmarking data for evaluating chemical transport model meteorology and air quality parameters within the urban boundary layer. The approach employs atmospheric class-typing, using nocturnal radon measurements to assign atmospheric mixing classes, and can be applied temporally (across the diurnal cycle), or spatially (to create angular distributions of pollutants as a top-down constraint on emissions inventories). In this study only a short (<1-month) campaign is used, but grouping of the relative mixing classes based on nocturnal mean radon concentrations can be adjusted according to dataset length (i.e., number of days per category), or desired range of within-class variability. Calculating hourly distributions of observed and simulated values across diurnal composites of each class-type helps to: (i) bridge the gap between scales of simulation and observation, (ii) represent the variability associated with spatial and temporal heterogeneity of sources and meteorology without being confused by it, and (iii) provide an objective way to group results over whole diurnal cycles that separates ‘natural complicating factors’ (synoptic non-stationarity, rainfall, mesoscale motions, extreme stability, etc.) from problems related to parameterizations, or between-model differences. We demonstrate the utility of this technique using output from a suite of seven contemporary regional forecast and chemical transport models. Meteorological model skill varied across the diurnal cycle for all models, with an additional dependence on the atmospheric mixing class that varied between models. From an air quality perspective, model skill regarding the duration and magnitude of morning and evening “rush hour” pollution events varied strongly as a function of mixing class. Model skill was typically the lowest when public exposure would have been the highest, which has important implications for assessing potential health risks in new and rapidly evolving urban regions, and also for prioritizing the areas of model improvement for future applications. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.