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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    The effect of inter-granular constraints on the response of polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramics at the surface and in the bulk
    (AIP Publishing, 2016-08-31) Hossain, MJ; Wang, ZY; Khansur, NH; Kimpton, JA; Oddershede, J; Daniels, JE
    The electro-mechanical coupling mechanisms in polycrystalline ferroelectric materials, including a soft PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT) and lead-free 0.9375(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-0.0625BaTiO3 (BNT-6.25BT), have been studied using a surface sensitive low-energy (12.4 keV) and bulk sensitive high-energy (73 keV) synchrotron X-ray diffraction with in situ electric fields. The results show that for tetragonal PZT at a maximum electric field of 2.8 kV/mm, the electric-field-induced lattice strain (ε111) is 20% higher at the surface than in the bulk, and non-180° ferroelectric domain texture (as indicated by the intensity ratio I002/I200) is 16% higher at the surface. In the case of BNT-6.25BT, which is pseudo-cubic up to fields of 2 kV/mm, lattice strains, ε111 and ε200, are 15% and 20% higher at the surface, while in the mixed tetragonal and rhombohedral phases at 5 kV/mm, the domain texture indicated by the intensity ratio, I111/I111¯ and I002/I200, are 12% and 10% higher at the surface than in the bulk, respectively. The observed difference in the strain contributions between the surface and bulk is suggested to result from the fact that surface grains are not constrained in three dimensions, and consequently, domain reorientation and lattice expansion in surface grains are promoted. It is suggested that the magnitude of property difference between the surface and bulk is higher for the PZT than for BNT-6.25BT due to the level of anisotropy in the strain mechanism. The comparison of the results from different methods demonstrates that the intergranular constraints have a significant influence on the electric-field-induced electro-mechanical responses in polycrystalline ferroelectrics. These results have implications for the design of higher performance polycrystalline piezoelectrics. © 2016 Author(s).
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    Proximate electronic and magnetic phase transitions in CaFe3O5
    (American Physical Society (APS), 2024-12-16) Milton, MJ; Hakala, BV; Hong, KH; Avdeev, M; Ling, CD; Kennedy, BJ; Manuel, P; Attfield, JP
    Electronic phase separation in lightly doped CaFe3⁢O5 has been investigated through a variable temperature powder neutron diffraction study of CaFe2.99⁢𝑀0.01⁢O5 (𝑀=Co, Mn) samples. This reveals a complex series of proximate phase transitions. Lattice strains resulting from the onset of charge order (CO) drive formation of a competing charge averaged (CA) phase that emerges at 𝑇CA=𝑇CO=320 K. The CA phase emerges as magnetically ordered but the long range spin ordering transition is limited by domain growth and so occurs at a slightly lower temperature (𝑇CA⁡(m)=301 K for both samples). Magnetic ordering in the CO phase is not directly coupled to the other transitions, but is nearby in temperature with 𝑇CO⁡(m)=290⁢(1) and 292(1) K for 𝑀=Co and Mn samples. The remarkable coincidence of energy scales for the formation of two distinct electronic ground states with differing lattice strains and their long range spin orders thus results in electronic and magnetic phase separation through a series of thermally proximate phase transitions in lightly doped CaFe3⁢O5. ©2025 American Physical Society. All rights reserved. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Engineering magnetic heterostructures with synergistic regulation of charge‐transfer and spin‐ordering for enhanced water oxidation
    (Wiley, 2025-01-20) Hao, CY; Wu, Y; Zheng, XB; Du, YM; Fan, YM; Pang, WK; Tadich, A; Zhang, SJ; Frauenheim, T; Ma, TY; Li, XN; Cheng, ZX
    The design of heterojunctions offers a crucial solution for energy conversion and storage challenges, but current research predominantly focuses on charge transfer benefits, often neglecting spin attribute regulation despite the increasing recognition of spin‐sensitivity in many chemical reactions. In this study, a novel magnetic heterostructure, CoFe2O4@CoFeMo3O8, is designed to simultaneously modulate charge and spin characteristics, and systematically elucidated their synergistic impact on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Experimental results and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the magnetic heterostructure exhibits both charge transfer and spin polarization. It is found that the charge‐transfer behavior enhances conductivity and adsorption ability through band structure regulation. Meanwhile, magnetically polarized electrons promote triplet O2 generation and accelerate electron transport via spin‐selective pathways. Moreover, the heterostructure's effective response to external alternating magnetic fields further amplifies the spin‐dependent effect and introduces a magnetothermal effect, locally heating the active sites through spin flip, thereby boosting catalytic activity. Consequently, the OER activity of the magnetic heterostructure is improved by 83.8 times at 1.5 V compared to its individual components. This magnetic heterojunction strategy presents a promising avenue for advanced catalysis through synergistic regulating of charge‐transfer and spin‐ordering. © 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Formulation and mechanism of copper tartrate – a novel anode material for lithium-ion batteries
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2023-07-27) Teusner, M; Mittal, U; Lessio, M; Johannessen, B; Mata, J; Sharma, N
    Batteries play an increasingly critical role in the functioning of contemporary society. To ensure future proofing of battery technology, new materials and methods that overcome the current shortcomings need to be developed. Here we report the use of the inexpensive and off the shelf metal–carboxylate, copper tartrate, as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries, providing a specific capacity of 744 mA h g−1 when cycled at 50 mA g−1. Additionally, an unusual capacity gain with cycling is investigated using advanced techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and small and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS), providing insight into the structure–performance relationship of the electrode. Subsequently, a novel method of in situ generation of the active material is demonstrated using the reaction between the parent acid, tartaric acid, and the copper current collector during electrode formulation. This serves to increase and stabilise the electrode performance, as well as to make use of a cheaper feedstock (tartaric acid), and reduce some of the “dead mass” of the copper current collector. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry on behalf of the Owner Societies.
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    Breaking scaling relations via Fe/Ni diatomic catalysts towards highly efficient electrocatalysts for rechargeable Na-air batteries
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2025-09-15) Yin, WW; Ma, JW; Li, YY; Cheng, Q; Johannessen, B; Xie, FX; Wu, MM
    Single-atom catalysts with two metal sites can circumvent the inherent scaling relations, achieving high-performance sodium-air batteries. Exploiting bifunctional and highly efficient electrocatalysts that can facilitate the reversible formation and decomposition of discharge products is crucial for rechargeable Na-air batteries (SABs). However, restricted by scaling relations, air cathodes based on single metal systems usually exhibit inferior activity and fail to achieve a stable and long cycle life of Na-air batteries. Dual single-atom catalysts (DACs) with two metal sites can circumvent the scaling relations and endow the single-atom catalysts with superior activity. Herein, we present a hollow carbon microsphere loaded with Ni and Fe single atoms (Ni-HCMs-Fe) as a demonstration of DAC air cathodes for SABs. Notably, Na-air batteries with Ni-HCMs-Fe as an air cathode can achieve a low overpotential gap of 530 mV, a high specific capacity of 5382.9 mAh g −1 , and an ultralong cycle life of over 450 cycles (1800 hours) with NaO2 as the main discharge product. Due to the different adsorption energies between oxygenated intermediates and Ni/Fe sites, the Ni-HCMs-Fe catalysts can break through the scaling relations and display optimized binding ability towards intermediates, thus boosting the reversible formation and decomposition of NaO2 in SABs. This work pioneers the use of DACs in SABs, paving the way for their practical applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.