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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Do we know enough to make future-proofed decisions about contaminants when decommissioning offshore oil and gas infrastructure?
    (CSIRO Publishing, 2023-05-11) Koppel, DJ; Gissi, F; Oluwoye, I; Cresswell, T
    Offshore oil and gas infrastructure must be decommissioned at the end of its operational life. The base case approach for decommissioning under Australia’s regulatory framework is the complete removal of all infrastructure. However, alternative decommissioning approaches, such as leaving some infrastructure in situ, may deliver better environmental, economic, and health and safety outcomes. Derogation from complete removal requirements is possible if alternative approaches have acceptable environment impacts and deliver equal or better environmental outcomes. Potential environmental contaminants are present in all offshore infrastructure and if decommissioned in situ could pose unacceptable risks to marine ecosystems. Contaminants may accumulate in infrastructure as a result of oil and gas production, such as scales of mercury and naturally occurring radioactive materials, or arise from the degradation of infrastructure itself, such as plastics and steel corrosion products. The unique behaviour and interactions of contaminants with local ecosystems makes assessing their potential impacts challenging. This presentation reports on the contaminants likely to be present in offshore oil and gas infrastructure proposed to be decommissioned in situ. The expected behaviour of these contaminants in the marine environment is discussed to give context to measures of their potential hazards (i.e. guideline values). This paper is intended to start a conversation and serve as a useful guide for titleholders and regulators about some data needs to assess potential contaminant impacts from in-situ decommissioning. © 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of APPEA.
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    Sludge biochar accelerates transformative phenolic compounds removal from wastewater via the coupling mechanism
    (Elsevier, 2024-12-15) Yang, YH; Song, Z; Ren, W; Vongsvivut, JP; Wang, Z; Ren, NQ; Duan, XG; Chen, YD
    In this work, we investigated the mechanism of the oxidation of phenolic compounds (PCs) by graphitic sludge biochar (SDBCs) via a catalytic coupling regime in the presence of potassium persulfate (PDS). In-situ synchrotron attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ ATR-FITR) combined with Raman spectroscopy directly monitored the formation of SDBC-PDS* complexes, which drove the electron-transfer pathway as evidenced by electrochemical tests and galvanic cell experiments. The coupling of pollutants into oligomers effectively reduced total organic carbon in water with a low PDS usage (PDS consumption to phenol degradation ratio of 2.2). Furthermore, our research showed that the biochar-based nonradical system effectively treats various PCs, with oxidation rates related to their half-wave potential and Hammett constant. Overall, this work explored sludge biochar engineering, PCs transformation and interfacial coupling mechanism, providing a novel approach for the efficient and cost-effective treatment of phenolic wastewater with low chemical input. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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    Reconstructions of the southern annular mode (SAM) during the last millennium
    (SAGE Publications, 2017-12-22) Hessl, AE; Allen, KJ; Vance, TR; Abram, NJ; Saunders, KM
    The leading mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere is the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), which affects the atmosphere and ocean from the mid-latitudes to the Antarctic. However, the short instrumental record of the SAM does not adequately represent its multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability. Long palaeoclimatic reconstructions of the SAM would improve our understanding of its low frequency behavior and its effects on regional temperature, rainfall, sea ice, and ecosystem processes. In this progress report, we review three published palaeoclimatic reconstructions available for understanding multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability of the SAM. Reconstructions reviewed here show similar patterns of decadal SAM variability during the last two centuries, but earlier centuries are less coherent. Reconstructions clearly maintain similar trends towards more positive SAM states since the onset of significant anthropogenic climate forcing from rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations and ozone depletion and these excursions appear unprecedented over at least the last 500 years. We describe how new multi-proxy reconstructions of the SAM could further improve our understanding of its long-term variability and effects across all geographic sectors of the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we recommend careful selection and development of proxies in SAM-sensitive regions and seasons. In particular, proxies related to cool-season conditions and from the poorly-sampled Indian Ocean sector would allow for a true circumpolar and year-round reconstruction of past SAM variability. Copyright © 2017, Sage Publications
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    Aromatic long chain cations of amphiphilic ionic liquids permeabilise the inner mitochondrial membrane and induce mitochondrial dysfunction at cytotoxic concentrations
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2023-07-14) Duman, MN; Angeloski, A; Johnson, MS; Rawling, T
    Understanding the cellular mechanisms by which amphiphilic ionic liquids (AmILs) induce cytotoxicity is an important step in the development of task-specific AmILs for safe industrial applications or as cytotoxic anticancer agents. Accumulated evidence suggests that AmILs kill cells by disrupting cellular membranes and/or inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. The cation of AmILs is lipophilic due to alkyl substitution, and lipophilic cations are a group of compounds known to accumulate in mitochondria in response to the membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). We therefore hypothesised that AmILs exert their cytotoxic effects by disrupting the IMM, the integrity of which is critical to several important cellular processes. Using fluorescence microscopy we show that a quinolinium-based AmIL rapidly accumulates in the mitochondria of HeLa cells. In a panel of AmILs we found that cytotoxicity correlates with their capacity to disrupt lipid bilayers, and that AmILs produce a range of cellular effects consistent with permeabilisation of the IMM at cytotoxic concentrations. Thus, AmILs depolarise the IMM, inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, and induce ROS formation. These effects were only induced by AmILs with aromatic cations substituted with long (decyl) alkyl chains, as these features promote accumulation in, and permeabilisation of, the IMM. These mechanistic insights help explain the structure–activity relationship governing AmILs cytotoxicity and may be used to rationally design either safe or cytotoxic AmILs. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Synthesis of porous carbon honeycomb structures derived from hemp for hybrid supercapacitors with improved electrochemistry
    (Wiley, 2024-12) Minakshi, M; Mujeeb, A; Whale, J; Evans, RA; Aughterson, RD; Shinde, PA; Ariga, K; Shrestha, LK
    Energy storage in electrochemical hybrid capacitors involves fast faradaic reactions such as an intercalation, or redox process occurring at a solid electrode surface at an appropriate potential. Hybrid sodium‐ion electrochemical capacitors bring the advantages of both the high specific power of capacitors and the high specific energy of batteries, where activated carbon serves as a critical electrode material. The charge storage in activated carbon arises from an adsorption process rather than a redox reaction and is an electrical double‐layer capacitor. Advanced carbon materials with interconnecting porous structures possessing high surface area and high conductivity are the prerequisites 1128to qualify for efficient energy storage. Herein, we have demonstrated that a porous honeycomb structure activated carbon derived from Australian hemp hurd (Cannabis sativa L.) in aqueous Na2SO4 electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of 240 F/g at 1 A/g. The mass ratio of biochar to KOH during the chemical activation associated with the synthesis temperature influences the change in morphologies, and distribution of pore sizes on the adsorption of ions. At higher synthesis temperatures, the tubular form of the honeycomb starts to disintegrate. The hybrid sodium‐ion device employing hemp‐derived activated carbon (HAC) coupled with electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) in an aqueous Na2SO4 electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of 95 F/g at 1 A/g having a capacitance retention of 90 %. The hybrid device (HAC||EMD) can possess excellent electrochemical performance metrics, having a high energy density of 38 Wh/kg at a power density of 761 W/kg. Overall, this study provides insights into the influence of the activation temperature and the KOH impregnation ratio on morphology, porosity distribution, and the activated carbon's electrochemical properties with faster kinetics. The high cell voltage for the device is devoted to the EMD electrode. © 2024 The Author(s). ChemPlusChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC BY-NC 4.0.