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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Stress-modulated relaxor-to-ferroelectric transition in lead-free (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3 ferroelectrics
    (American Physical Society (APS), 2016-04-20) Schader, FH; Wang, ZY; Hinterstein, M; Daniels, JE; Webber, KG
    The effect of external mechanical fields on relaxor 0.94(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3 was investigated by means of temperature- and stress-dependent dielectric constant measurements between 223 and 673 K. Analogous to previous investigations that showed an electric-field-induced ferroelectric long-range order in relaxor ferroelectrics, we show that compressive stress can also result in the transition to the long-range ferroelectric order, marked by the formation of an anomaly in the permittivity-temperature curves and a nonlinear, remanent change in permittivity during mechanical loading. In situ stress-dependent high-energy x-ray diffraction experiments were performed at room temperature and reveal an apparent phase transition during mechanical loading, consistent with previous macroscopic electrical measurements. The transition lines between the relaxor states and the stress-induced ferroelectric state were determined at constant temperatures with stress-dependent dielectric constant measurements, providing a stress-temperature phase diagram. ©2026 American Physical Society.
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    Monitoring bisphosphonate surface functionalization and acid stability of hierarchically porous titanium zirconium oxides
    (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2011-09-29) Ide, A; Drisko, GL; Scales, N; Luca, V; Schiesser, CH; Caruso, RA
    To take advantage of the full potential of functionalized transition metal oxides, a well-understood nonsilane based grafting technique is required. The functionalization of mixed titanium zirconium oxides was studied in detail using a bisphosphonic acid, featuring two phosphonic acid groups with high surface affinity. The bisphosphonic acid employed was coupled to a UV active benzamide moiety in order to track the progress of the surface functionalization in situ. Using different material compositions, altering the pH environment, and looking at various annealing conditions, key features of the functionalization process were identified that consequently will allow for intelligent material design. Loading with bisphosphonic acid was highest on supports calcined at 650 °C compared to lower calcination temperatures: A maximum capacity of 0.13 mmol g(-1) was obtained and the adsorption process could be modeled with a pseudo-second-order rate relationship. Heating at 650 °C resulted in a phase transition of the mixed binary oxide to a ternary oxide, titanium zirconium oxide in the srilankite phase. This phase transition was crucial in order to achieve high loading of the bisphosphonic acid and enhanced chemical stability in highly acidic solutions. Due to the inert nature of phosphorus-oxygen-metal bonds, materials functionalized by bisphosphonic acids showed increased chemical stability compared to their nonfunctionalized counterparts in harshly acidic solutions. Leaching studies showed that the acid stability of the functionalized material was improved with a partially crystalline srilankite phase. The materials were characterized using nitrogen sorption, X-ray powder diffraction, and UV-vis spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study surface coverage with the bisphosphonic acid molecules. © 2011 American Chemical Society.
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    Finite element analysis of creep using Theta projection data
    (Elsevier, 1998-04) Law, M; Payten, WM; Snowden, KU
    The Theta projection creep algorithm has been implemented within a finite element code. This extends the predictive capability of Theta projection data to complex geometries, multiple material problems such as welded joints, and non-steady temperature conditions. Validation of the finite element methodology has been undertaken by re-modelling creep data based on the original Theta coefficients. The stress redistribution in a cylindrical pressure vessel was examined and compared to that predicted by the Norton equation. The effects of temperature variation were also modelled. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Stable dual metal oxide matrix for tuning selectivity in acidic electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
    (Elsevier, 2025-08-15) Zhang, Zl; Trần-Phú, T; Yuwono, JA; Ma, ZP; Yang, YW; Leverett, J; Hocking, RK; Johannessen, B; Kumar, P; Amal, R; Daiyan, R
    The acidic electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds promise for achieving a carbon-neutral future and can promote efficient CO2 utilization by attenuating the carbonate/bicarbonate formation reaction. However, catalyst degradation in strong acids and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) often result in short catalyst lifetime and poor product selectivity. Herein, this study introduces a strategy to stabilize copper oxide (CuOx) catalysts for acidic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) by incorporating bismuth oxide (BiOx) and achieved a maximum formic acid Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOOH) of 97 ± 1 % at −2.7 V vs. RHE and maintaining over 90 % FE for more than 20 h. In situ XAS, SR-FTIR and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the catalyst can inhibit *H adsorption and promote selective CO2 conversion to HCOOH via the HCOO* pathway. Further electrolyte anion modulation achieves ethanol and acetone production at Faradaic efficiencies of 17 % and 16 % in phosphoric and perchloric acid, respectively. In situ analyses reveal that distinct anion adsorption influence key intermediates, such as *CO, leading to shifts in C₂⁺ product distributions. This work offers insights into designing acid-stable electrocatalysts for CO2RR and highlights the potential of electrolyte modification to tailor product selectivity. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. Open Access CC-BY 4.0.
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    Quantitative analysis of domain textures in ferroelectric ceramics from single high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction images
    (AIP Publishing, 2017-04-28) Wang, ZY; Daniels, JE
    In this study, the possibility of determining the orientation distribution function (ODF) and quantifying the domain textures of polycrystalline ferroelectrics based on single high-energy X-ray diffraction images using a Rietveld refinement method is assessed. A spherical harmonics texture model is incorporated in the approach to determine the ODFs for phase constituents in poled lead-free ferroelectric ceramics (1 − x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 − xBaTiO3 with x = 0.0625 and 0.075 from both single high-energy synchrotron diffraction images and full rotation diffraction data collected with the samples rotated perpendicular to the poling axis. A quantitative comparison is made between the complete pole figures and pole density profiles obtained from the ODFs extracted from the different diffraction data. The results show that a good approximation to the domain textures of fiber-type in poled ceramics as determined from the full rotation data can be obtained from single diffraction images, with the dominant pole densities within a maximum difference of ∼0.15 multiples of a random distribution. It thus demonstrates that single high-energy X-ray diffraction images are suitable for the quantification of domain texture in ferroelectric ceramics. The analysis validates the applicability of high-energy synchrotron X-day diffraction to observe the texture evolution in situ in ferroelectric ceramics under fast or continuous loading conditions. © 2017 Author(s). Published by AIP Publishing.