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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Characterisation of alumina–silica films deposited by ALD
    (Wiley, 2006-12-15) Prince, KE; Evans, PJ; Triani, G; Zhang, Z; Bartlett, J
    Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a surface mediated chemical vapour deposition method that is capable of producing uniform films over large areas. In addition, the technique has been used to deposit highly conformal films on high aspect ratio structures. The applicability of any film deposition technique is dependent upon the properties of the final product. Many applications, such as optical coatings, require films of constant composition, low levels of impurities, and adherent interfaces. The latter may derive its strength from some form of interfacial mixing but this should not have an adverse effect on film performance. Dynamic SIMS (D‐SIMS) offers a versatile tool for monitoring film and interface compositions as a function of depth. Sputtering the surface with Cs+ primary ions and detecting MCs+ secondary ions was found to offer the best analytical conditions for ALD films. In the present study, D‐SIMS has been used to characterise films grown with silicon‐containing precursors at temperatures between 200 and 300 °C. The D‐SIMS results have been complemented with data obtained from XPS and an in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). This combination of analytical techniques enabled the effects of different ALD process conditions to be evaluated. With this approach, it was possible to compare the relative amounts of Si in the films, determined by SIMS and XPS, with the mass gains measured for different pulsing sequences with the QCM. © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effect of different annealing condition on the structural and magnetic properties of Mn2NiGa Heusler alloys
    (AIP Publishing, 2018-04-10) Vagadia, M; Hester, JR; Nigam, AK
    We studied the effect of different annealing conditions on structural and magnetic properties of Mn2NiGa Heusler alloys. Reitveld refinement of neutron diffraction pattern at RT confirms the tetragonal structure with cubic phase for I-W quenched alloy whereas Le Bail fitting trials performed on neutron diffraction pattern collected for other three alloys confirm 7M monoclinic structure with cubic phase. It is found that starting and finish temperatures associated with martensite and austenite phase transformation depends strongly on the cooling rate corresponding to different cooling techniques. Slow furnace cooled sample possesses the highest martensite start temperature above room temperature ∼ 326K which decreases to ∼ 198K for ice –water quenched sample. Variation in the drop in the magnetization around MS obtained upon warming from martensite to austenite phase under ZFC cycle suggests that change in the cooling condition strongly affects the magnetization in the low temperature martensite phase. Present results suggest that by varying the cooling rate, martensite transformation as well as the martensite structure can be tuned. © 2018 Author(s).
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    Creep-fatigue interaction models for grade 91 steel
    (ASTM International, 2014-11-01) Holmström, S; Pohja, R; Payten, WM
    Abstract Different approaches for modelling creep–fatigue (CF) interaction are used on strain controlled creep fatigue data of 9Cr–1Mo-VNb (P91) steel and assessed with the target of finding suitable candidates for use in design rules. The assessed models include time, ductility, and strain energy-based creep-fatigue interaction methods and two simplified models. For the interaction diagram-based models, the challenge of acquiring representative creep damage fractions from the dynamic material response, i.e., cyclic softening with changing relaxation behaviour is addressed. In addition, the interaction diagram approaches are discussed in the light of known (fatigue) material scatter and defining representative cycles for CF data. The performance of the model are presented and also compared against the RCC–MR design code methodology. It is shown that the fitting accuracy of the complex interaction models vary significantly and that modified ductility based models seem to be less susceptible to changes in supporting creep and relaxation models. Successful and also superior prediction of the CF number of cycles to failure for Grade 91 steel was accomplished by simplified methods with much less fitting parameters. The practicality in using interaction diagram methods for design purposes, where simplicity is a key issue, is questioned. © 1996-2025 ASTM International.
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    Efficient formation of negative ions for plutonium AMS
    (Elsevier, 2025-11) Hotchkis, MAC; Richardson, K; Child, DP; Koll, D; Wallner, A; Wilcken, KM
    In an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) instrument, the detection efficiency for rare radioisotopes is determined by a combination of ionisation efficiency, charge state yield and beam transmission. Of these, ionisation efficiency remains as the principal limitation, with few instances where efficiency greater than 1 % has been reported. Using the Vega AMS system at ANSTO, we have achieved reproducible ionisation efficiency, for formation of PuO anions, of 3–4 %. However, the achievement of high overall efficiency has come at the cost of operational efficiency, as it can take at least 10 h to consume each sample. We have performed a series of tests to understand what determines ionisation efficiency for plutonium AMS. In the standard method used at ANSTO, plutonium is dispersed in iron oxide and mixed with niobium as ‘binder’. The overall efficiency for samples run to exhaustion is found to be linearly proportional to the total mass of loaded mixture. We have performed a series of tests investigating the effects of: (i) recess depth of material in the cathode; (ii) use of layered samples; (iii) binder / iron oxide mix; (iv) cathode materials; (v) different binder; (vi) sample surface area. We have also determined the molecular composition of the Pu anions: PuOx − of extracted beams for x  = 0 to 3. The results are compared to a sputtering model that has been developed to account for the observed variation in count rates versus time as the sample is consumed. Ionisation efficiency up to 6.5 % has been observed for PuO anions. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
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    Speaking to everyone about crystallography – the Bragg your pattern project
    (AIP Publishing, 2025-04-10) Maynard-Casely, HE; Batten, SR; Young, R; Mullens, BG; Johnstone, B; Furlong, E
    Many programs for science communication are targeted towards secondary-school ages (11 +) and for good reason, as this is when students make choices on subjects to study further. It is vital that these students are supported in their continuing science education. But are we missing out on inspiring them in the first place? Can we help students to see the bigger picture of science, beyond grades and textbooks? What if we run programs that target younger students, as well as their families? For younger students, it is vital to have strong visual and hands-on components to science communication activities. Crystallography lends itself extremely well to visual science communication – we have a great history of leveraging that. But do we have enough hands-activities that are suitable for under 11s, can be undertaken cheaply, and are linked to big crystallographic science ideas? The Australian and New Zealand crystallographic community leveraged hosting the IUCr2023 meeting to launch a program of events and initiatives to communicate crystallography to those under 11 years old and their families. We undertook a range of events and activities, from pattern competitions, to a crystallographic science festival, [1] to even attempting to break a world record. For this we used existing ideas on 3D printing structures [2] (but upsized it), modified established hands-on activities [3] [4] [5], and developed more. In this contribution I’ll review what we carried out, what did (and didn't) work and how we are planning to continue the momentum into the future which could be applied at IUCr2026. © 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).