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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Synchrotron-infrared microspectroscopy of live leishmania major infected macrophages and isolated promastigotes and amastigotes
    (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023-02-14) Chakkumpulakkal Puthan Veettil, T; Duffin, RN; Roy, S; Vongsvivut, JP; Tobin, MJ; Martin, M; Adegoke, JA; Andrews, PC; Wood, BR
    The prevalence of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is advancing at an alarming rate. The NTD leishmaniasis is now endemic in over 90 tropical and sub-tropical low socioeconomic countries. Current diagnosis for this disease involves serological assessment of infected tissue by either light microscopy, antibody tests, or culturing with in vitro or in vivo animal inoculation. Furthermore, co-infection by other pathogens can make it difficult to accurately determine Leishmania infection with light microscopy. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the potential of combining synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy with powerful discrimination tools, such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine-discriminant analysis (SVM-DA), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN), to characterize the parasitic forms of Leishmania major both isolated and within infected macrophages. For measurements performed on functional infected and uninfected macrophages in physiological solutions, the sensitivities from PLS-DA, SVM-DA, and KNN classification methods were found to be 0.923, 0.981, and 0.989, while the specificities were 0.897, 1.00, and 0.975, respectively. Cross-validated PLS-DA models on live amastigotes and promastigotes showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.98 in the lipid region, while a specificity and sensitivity of 1.00 was achieved in the fingerprint region. The study demonstrates the potential of the FTIR technique to identify unique diagnostic bands and utilize them to generate machine learning models to predict Leishmania infection. For the first time, we examine the potential of infrared spectroscopy to study the molecular structure of parasitic forms in their native aqueous functional state, laying the groundwork for future clinical studies using more portable devices. © 2023 American Chemical Society
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    Development of the slope cutting method for determining the residual stresses in roll formed products
    (Elsevier, 2017-03) Sun, Y; Luzin, V; Daniel, WJT; Meehan, PA; Zhang, MX; Ding, SC
    The residual stresses in a roll formed product play a critical role in determining the product quality. They are generally very complex and frequently difficult to predict due to the complicated fabricating process and its parameters. Consequently, they attract many concerns from roll forming scholars and engineers. However, how to inspect the residual stresses in roll formed products efficiently and economically is still a challenge. This paper introduces a novel, highly efficient, operationally simple and accurate residual stresses measurement method for evaluating the residual stresses in roll formed products. It utilizes a modification of the current sectioning methods to firstly obtain the membrane and bending residual stresses components. Then a novel material removal approach, the tapered removal, is employed to determine the layering stresses component by measuring the curvature variations of the remaining sample through its thickness direction. A practical implementation of the method is performed through the residual stresses measurement of a typical roll formed square hollow section (SHS). The method is successfully verified by the neutron diffraction method. The new method is expected to become a routine measuring method to determine the residual stresses distribution in roll formed products, with potentially significant impact on the roll forming industry. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    The Kalahari sediments and hominins in southern Africa
    (Elsevier, 2024-06-15) Matmon, A; Vainer, S; Hidy, A; Kuzmenko, A; Ekhardt, FE; Master, S; Wendorff, M; De Wit, M; Shaw, M; ASTER Team; Fink, D; Chazan, M
    The temporal coupling of the structural evolution of the Kalahari Basin and the accumulation of the Kalahari Group sediments has been an accepted paradigm leading to the assumption that the Kalahari group sediments have been accumulating gradually since the mid-Cretaceous. Here we review the first actual ages for the Kalahari Group based on cosmogenic ages from six geological localities. These results demonstrate that Kalahari Basin infill was a more dynamic process than previously thought and that the Kalahari Group sediments are mostly Plio-Pleistocene in age (∼4 Ma to 1–2 Ma). The hiatus between the initial structural subsidence of the basin, during the Cretaceous, and the general young age of the investigated sediments, implies a dynamic landscape in which significant phases of erosion occurred during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The magnitude of erosion is manifested by the fact that in many locations Kalahari Neogene to Quaternary sediments overlie Precambrian basement. The age of the present infill of the Kalahari thus falls within the temporal range of the genus Homo. In light of this new understanding, we provide a review of the archaeological evidence from the Kalahari Basin and along its southern fringe. Initial hominin presence is found at Wonderwerk Cave during the Olduvai Event and there is subsequent high-density occupation along the southern fringe of the Kalahari Basin during the Acheulean and the Fauresmith. Middle Stone Age occupation is limited to localities of limited size and small artifact counts and it appears that the focus of human occupation, particularly in the later stages of the Middle Stone Age, shifts southward, including along the coastal regions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    An isotopic approach to hydrological mass balance in the Nattai River catchment, NSW 1. rainfall – runoff and δ18O, δ2H
    (Centre for Groundwater Studies, 2006-12-13) Hughes, CE; Waring, CL; Hankin, SI; Stone, DJM; van Dongen, L; Fischer, MJ; Gibson, JJ
    Isotopic hydrograph separation techniques can be used in conjunction with standard hydrological measurements to study catchment runoff processes and pathways (e.g. Gibson et al, 2000). In the Sydney region, where water supplies are impacted due to changes in climatic conditions, the contribution and impact of groundwater and subsurface flow paths to streamflow and water quality are of increasing interest. In this study, high frequency rainfall and stream flow samples were collected during a major rainfall event in the Nattai River catchment near Mittagong and analysed for δ2H and δ18O. In addition streamflow, rainfall and discharge to the river data for the catchment were obtained from the Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA) database.
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    A common ontology for stable isotope data
    (Elsevier, 2026-02) Welti, N; Hawkins, S; Waltenberg, K; Hughes, CE; Crawford, J; Shu, YF; Campbell, R; Leslie, A; Puccini, A; Gerber, C; Suckow, AO; Fraser, G; Flick, L
    Stable isotope data has broad applicability across multiple science domains. As more datasets are published and stable isotope data systems are built, the findability and accessibility of stable isotope data increases. However, due to a lack of a common reporting framework, the interoperability of these data systems is limited. A common ontology is needed so stable isotope data systems and published datasets can be translated into a common format without disrupting existing data models or introducing complex workflows. This common ontology for stable isotope data and associated metadata offers a methodology to achieve cross-domain interoperability of environmental stable isotope data. It functions as a straightforward data stewardship tool to enhance the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reuse (FAIR principles) of stable isotope data across disciplines. Ultimately, this ontology aims to make existing data systems cohesive, interoperable, and discoverable across the entire measurement pipeline, encompassing publicly accessible repositories, peer-reviewed literature, and grey literature. © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access CC BY 4.0.