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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Creep-fatigue interaction models for grade 91 steel
    (ASTM International, 2014-11-01) Holmström, S; Pohja, R; Payten, WM
    Abstract Different approaches for modelling creep–fatigue (CF) interaction are used on strain controlled creep fatigue data of 9Cr–1Mo-VNb (P91) steel and assessed with the target of finding suitable candidates for use in design rules. The assessed models include time, ductility, and strain energy-based creep-fatigue interaction methods and two simplified models. For the interaction diagram-based models, the challenge of acquiring representative creep damage fractions from the dynamic material response, i.e., cyclic softening with changing relaxation behaviour is addressed. In addition, the interaction diagram approaches are discussed in the light of known (fatigue) material scatter and defining representative cycles for CF data. The performance of the model are presented and also compared against the RCC–MR design code methodology. It is shown that the fitting accuracy of the complex interaction models vary significantly and that modified ductility based models seem to be less susceptible to changes in supporting creep and relaxation models. Successful and also superior prediction of the CF number of cycles to failure for Grade 91 steel was accomplished by simplified methods with much less fitting parameters. The practicality in using interaction diagram methods for design purposes, where simplicity is a key issue, is questioned. © 1996-2025 ASTM International.
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    Efficient formation of negative ions for plutonium AMS
    (Elsevier, 2025-11) Hotchkis, MAC; Richardson, K; Child, DP; Koll, D; Wallner, A; Wilcken, KM
    In an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) instrument, the detection efficiency for rare radioisotopes is determined by a combination of ionisation efficiency, charge state yield and beam transmission. Of these, ionisation efficiency remains as the principal limitation, with few instances where efficiency greater than 1 % has been reported. Using the Vega AMS system at ANSTO, we have achieved reproducible ionisation efficiency, for formation of PuO anions, of 3–4 %. However, the achievement of high overall efficiency has come at the cost of operational efficiency, as it can take at least 10 h to consume each sample. We have performed a series of tests to understand what determines ionisation efficiency for plutonium AMS. In the standard method used at ANSTO, plutonium is dispersed in iron oxide and mixed with niobium as ‘binder’. The overall efficiency for samples run to exhaustion is found to be linearly proportional to the total mass of loaded mixture. We have performed a series of tests investigating the effects of: (i) recess depth of material in the cathode; (ii) use of layered samples; (iii) binder / iron oxide mix; (iv) cathode materials; (v) different binder; (vi) sample surface area. We have also determined the molecular composition of the Pu anions: PuOx − of extracted beams for x  = 0 to 3. The results are compared to a sputtering model that has been developed to account for the observed variation in count rates versus time as the sample is consumed. Ionisation efficiency up to 6.5 % has been observed for PuO anions. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
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    Speaking to everyone about crystallography – the Bragg your pattern project
    (AIP Publishing, 2025-04-10) Maynard-Casely, HE; Batten, SR; Young, R; Mullens, BG; Johnstone, B; Furlong, E
    Many programs for science communication are targeted towards secondary-school ages (11 +) and for good reason, as this is when students make choices on subjects to study further. It is vital that these students are supported in their continuing science education. But are we missing out on inspiring them in the first place? Can we help students to see the bigger picture of science, beyond grades and textbooks? What if we run programs that target younger students, as well as their families? For younger students, it is vital to have strong visual and hands-on components to science communication activities. Crystallography lends itself extremely well to visual science communication – we have a great history of leveraging that. But do we have enough hands-activities that are suitable for under 11s, can be undertaken cheaply, and are linked to big crystallographic science ideas? The Australian and New Zealand crystallographic community leveraged hosting the IUCr2023 meeting to launch a program of events and initiatives to communicate crystallography to those under 11 years old and their families. We undertook a range of events and activities, from pattern competitions, to a crystallographic science festival, [1] to even attempting to break a world record. For this we used existing ideas on 3D printing structures [2] (but upsized it), modified established hands-on activities [3] [4] [5], and developed more. In this contribution I’ll review what we carried out, what did (and didn't) work and how we are planning to continue the momentum into the future which could be applied at IUCr2026. © 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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    A technique to achieve estimation of the amount of absorbed energy when using diverse cell types at THz frequencies
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2022-12-12) Vilagosh, Z; Appadoo, DRT; Perera, PGT; Nguyen, THP; Linklater, D; Juodkazis, S; Croft, R; Ivanova, EP
    The effects of a high frequency electromagnetic field (HF EMF) in the terahertz (THz) range on biological systems is the subject of ongoing investigation. With a beamline range of 0.5 THz - 20 THz, the THz/Far-IR beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is ideally suited to explore possible THz effects. We have developed a technique to achieve precise estimation of the amount of absorbed energy when using diverse cell types at THz frequencies. The approach involves evaluating the overall incident beam power, the determination of the frequency and photon dispersion, and evaluating the relative contribution of the frequency ranges. The sample depth is an important component of the evaluation. Since higher THz frequencies have shallower sample penetration depths, parts of the sample are being exposed to not only different total THz energy doses, but to a different frequency profile. Our technique achieves accurate estimation of the exposure profile. © Copyright 2026 IEEE
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    The magneto-structural transition in Mn1−xFexCoGe
    (IOP Publishing, 2016-05-29) Ren, QY; Hutchison, WD; Wang, JL; Studer, AJ; Din, MFM; Pérez, SM; Cadogan, JM; Campbell, SJ
    Large refrigeration capacities, between 212(30) J kg-1 and 261(40) J kg-1 for a magnetic field change from 0 T to 5 T, were obtained in Mn1-xFexCoGe (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04) compounds. A partial magnetic phase diagram has been derived on the basis of magnetic transition and martensitic transformation temperatures determined from differential scanning calorimetry (200 K to 450 K), variable temperature x-ray diffraction (20 K to 310 K) and magnetisation measurements (5 K to 340 K; 0.01 T). Mn1-xFexCoGe compounds with compositions in the range x = 0.01 to 0.03 exhibit magneto-structural transitions. Neutron diffraction experiments were carried out on the Mn0.98Fe0.02CoGe sample over the temperature range of 5 K to 450 K. The diffraction patterns were analysed based on irreducible representation theory which confirms a ferromagnetic structure in the sample with an atomic magnetic moment of 3.7(1)μB at 5 K on the Mn sublattice, oriented along the orthorhombic c axis. More significantly, a magneto-structural transition around TM ∼ 297(1) K with a full width at half maximum of 29 K is demonstrated directly via neutron diffraction. Larger magnetic entropy changes are obtained for the Mn1-xFexCoGe (x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) samples than for Mn0.96Fe0.04CoGe which has separate structural and magnetic transitions. In addition, it is noted that standard Arrott plots do not provide unambiguous insight to the nature of the magneto-structural transition in the Mn1-xFexCoGe compounds. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.