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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    An isotopic approach to hydrological mass balance in the Nattai River catchment, NSW 1. rainfall – runoff and δ18O, δ2H
    (Centre for Groundwater Studies, 2006-12-13) Hughes, CE; Waring, CL; Hankin, SI; Stone, DJM; van Dongen, L; Fischer, MJ; Gibson, JJ
    Isotopic hydrograph separation techniques can be used in conjunction with standard hydrological measurements to study catchment runoff processes and pathways (e.g. Gibson et al, 2000). In the Sydney region, where water supplies are impacted due to changes in climatic conditions, the contribution and impact of groundwater and subsurface flow paths to streamflow and water quality are of increasing interest. In this study, high frequency rainfall and stream flow samples were collected during a major rainfall event in the Nattai River catchment near Mittagong and analysed for δ2H and δ18O. In addition streamflow, rainfall and discharge to the river data for the catchment were obtained from the Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA) database.
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    A common ontology for stable isotope data
    (Elsevier, 2026-02) Welti, N; Hawkins, S; Waltenberg, K; Hughes, CE; Crawford, J; Shu, YF; Campbell, R; Leslie, A; Puccini, A; Gerber, C; Suckow, AO; Fraser, G; Flick, L
    Stable isotope data has broad applicability across multiple science domains. As more datasets are published and stable isotope data systems are built, the findability and accessibility of stable isotope data increases. However, due to a lack of a common reporting framework, the interoperability of these data systems is limited. A common ontology is needed so stable isotope data systems and published datasets can be translated into a common format without disrupting existing data models or introducing complex workflows. This common ontology for stable isotope data and associated metadata offers a methodology to achieve cross-domain interoperability of environmental stable isotope data. It functions as a straightforward data stewardship tool to enhance the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reuse (FAIR principles) of stable isotope data across disciplines. Ultimately, this ontology aims to make existing data systems cohesive, interoperable, and discoverable across the entire measurement pipeline, encompassing publicly accessible repositories, peer-reviewed literature, and grey literature. © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Metallothionein‐inspired asymmetric heteroatom doping of single‐atom nanozymes for multi‐enzyme biocatalysis
    (Wiley, 2026-01-27) Chen, KJ; Chen, QF; Johannessen, B; Lin, CH; Hu, L; Liang, K; Liang, JY
    Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit enzyme-mimicking activity but are often limited by single-enzyme–like functions and modest catalytic efficiency. Here, a metallothionein-inspired heteroatom doping strategy is reported to construct asymmetric Fe single-atom catalysts (FeN3S). Fe3⁺ is coordinated with cysteine via strong mercaptide bond formation, followed by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) biomineralization and pyrolysis. The FeN3S catalyst displays markedly enhanced multi-enzyme activities—including NADH oxidase-, oxidase-, peroxidase-, and catalase-like activities—with 1.35–4.60-fold improvements compared to sulfur (S)-free analogues. This high multi-enzyme efficiency arises from i) atomically dispersed Fe from biomineralization; ii) the large surface area and pore volume retained from the original metal–organic framework, and iii) the S-doping achieved through the strong mercaptide coordination between Fe and S. The S doping not only tunes electronic structure of Fe single atom to reduce activation barriers and enhances substrate interaction, but also facilitates charge transfer. As a result, FeN3S induces ≈90% tumor cell suppression within one day through reactive oxygen species generation and disruption of the NADH/NAD⁺ balance, highlighting its strong potential for cancer therapy. This work provides a bioinspired strategy for advancing SACs toward multifunctional biocatalysis and biomedical applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Dark matter detector radioimpurities 129I and 210Pb measured with accelerator mass spectrometry
    (Elsevier, 2026-01) Slavkovská, Z; Dastgiri, F; Fifield, LK; Froehlich, MB; Hotchkis, MAC; Koll, D; Merchel, S; Pavetich, S; Tims, SG; Wallner, A
    Sodium iodide crystals doped with thallium NaI(Tl) can be used as detector material for direct dark matter detection by taking advantage of their particle detection properties of scintillation. In order to achieve this, it is crucial that these crystals are of ultra-high purity. Radioimpurities within the crystals may potentially mimic dark matter signals and thus must be quantified, minimised where possible and distinguished from real events. Abundances of radionuclides 129I and 210Pb, which are dominant sources of radioimpurities in NaI(Tl) crystals, were measured using accelerator mass spectrometry at the Australian National University (ANU) and the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). NaI powder chemically processed to AgI, and, for the first time, unprocessed NaI powder, were shown to be suitable as AMS targets. A consistent 129I/127I ratio of (2.0 ± 0.3) × 10−13 was measured in three different commercially available NaI powders, one order of magnitude higher than the measured blank with (1.4 ± 0.3) × 10−14. Therefore, it was concluded that the choice of NaI powder has a negligible influence on the 129I contribution to low-background dark matter experiments. For 210Pb, different Pb molecular ion species were assessed with PbO 2 − being the preferred species and applied to investigate different lead oxide compounds for their suitability as Pb carriers. A 210Pb/Pb isotopic ratio of (3.6 ± 1.4 1.7) × 10−15 was measured in Pb 3 O 4 powder. This met the required lower activity limit of 210Pb when adding 1mg of stable lead into 1kg of NaI(Tl) powder with a desired maximum 210Pb/Pb isotopic ratio of 1 × 10−14. These results indicate the suitability of the investigated Pb 3 O 4 as a potential carrier for incorporation with Pb extracted from NaI used for dark matter experiments. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Efficient CO electrosynthesis in hydroxide-mediated reactive capture systems through catalyst and microenvironment design
    (Elsevier, 2026-04) Wang, C; Qi, MM; Zheng, Z; Zheng, XB; Li, S; Li, P; Ma, TY; Johannessen, B; Cao, Y; Yi, JB; Yu, H; Zeng, J; Zhao, Y
    The electrochemical conversion of captured CO2 – also known as reactive capture – offers a promising approach to produce renewable carbon monoxide (CO) while bypass the energy and cost-intensive CO2 capture, purification and pressurization processes at large scale. However, current reactive capture systems suffer from low CO selectivity (< 50 %) and productivity (< 100 mA cm⁻2) due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts and limited CO2 availability at the reactive interfaces. Here, we develop a coupled catalyst and microenvironment strategy to overcome these barriers. Employing Ni single-atom catalysts with a high density of reactive sites (Ni loading up to 3.0 wt%), together with enhanced CO2 regeneration and transport to the catalyst via local hydrophobicity control, we achieved efficient CO production with a Faradaic efficiency of 68 % at 100 mA cm⁻2 with stable performance maintained over 100 h in a hydroxide-mediated reactive capture system. The system achieved a CO energy efficiency of 27 % and an energy intensity of 37.7 GJ ton⁻¹CO, outperforming the best reported amine- and hydroxide-based reactive capture processes operating at ambient temperature and pressure. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open Access CC BY 4.0.