ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Defect disorder of models of BaTiO3. The picture above 1 ATM
(Australasian Ceramic Society, 1998) Ishizaki, K; Kinemuchi, Y; Nowotny, J; Rekas, M
Defect models involving the concentration of defects as a function of p(O2) are derived for undoped BaTiO3 as well as for its solid solutions with both acceptors and donors. The basic assumption in deriving the defect models was that the Schottky-type defects are the predominant defects within p-type regime rather than acceptor-type impurities, The derived diagrams indicate that in order to decide between the conflicting models it is important to determine defect-related properties of BaTiO3 at p(O2) higher than 1 atm.
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Transport of charge carriers in undoped BaTi03. The Jonker analysis
(Australasian Ceramic Society, 1998) Albers, J; Nowotny, J; Rekas, M
Both electrical conductivity and thermopower are determined for undoped BaTiO3 in equilibrium with the gas phase. Semiconducting properties of BaTiO3 are analysed in terms of the Jonker-type analysis resulting in the mobility terms and the width of the forbidden gap.
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The development of beryllia-based fuels for HTGC reactor systems
(United Nations, 1965) Smith, R
The intrinsic nuclear and physical properties of beryllium oxide which makes it attractive as a moderator material in nuclear reactors are well known. In fact the first reactor system proposed for electricity production, the Daniel's pile, was based on the use of beryllia as moderator. However this project was abandoned in 1947 [l] partly because of insufficient knowledge of the technology of the material. Recently there has been a renewed interest in the utilization of beryllia as cheaper, more sinterable grades of beryllia have become available and technological advances have yielded a material with reasonably well characterized properties. The Australian Atomic Energy Commission is interested in the potential of beryllia in high-temperature gas-cooled reactor systems, particularly when employed as a matrix for dispersion type fuels and as a moderator. Serious study of these systems began in 1960 with effort concentrated initially on materials problems. The materials research programme has been centred around a reactor concept with an all-ceramic core, cooled by carbon dioxide, employing highlyrated, fission-product-retentive, high burn-up fuels with a maximum fuel surface temperature of 1000 °c. Although various fuel cycles are being considered, experimental work on dispersion fuels has been confined to homogeneous fuel particles of (U,Th)02 in a matrix of BeO. This paper surveys the Australian work directed towards understanding and evaluating the behaviour of beryllia and beryllia-based fuels under conditions which might obtain in the proposed reactor system. Attention is confined mainly to the problems of irradiation damage, fission-product retention, resistance to thermal stress, and corrosion resistance, and their relation to fabrication variables, microstructure, temperature, and neutron environment. Preliminary work has given confidence in the technical performance of all-ceramic beryllia-based fuel provided it is used in the form of simple shapes which facilitate fabrication and handling problems and which suit the intrinsically brittle nature of the material. During 1963 it was decided to make a detailed study of a particular HTGC reactor project based on an all-ceramic pebble-bed concept; this is described elsewhere [2]. A brief report is given of some aspects of materials work directed towards a more complete evaluation of spherical-shaped berylliabased fuel elements for this system.
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The power outlook in Australia
(United Nations, 1965) Australian Atomic Energy Commission
In Australia electricity is generated mainly in thermal power stations. Coal is the main fuel used in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. Relatively small quantities of other fuels, mainly fuel oil, are used in these States. Hydroelectric plant provides all electricity in the island of Tasmania. Comparatively small hydro-stations are operating in Queensland, and large ones are in use in New South Wales and Victoria. The latter States will receive increasing quantities of power from further development of the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme. Generation and supply is largely under the control of central statutory bodies in each State which produce 97 per cent of the electricity consumed. The balance is produced by local authorities in remote towns using mainly diesel generating plant. Relevant details of the electricity industry are shown in Table 1. In most developed countries the utilization of electricity during the last few decades has increased some 7 to 8 per cent annually, and thus energy generated has doubled approximately every ten years. Australian requirements have increased greatly in recent decades, as shown in Table 2. Post-war industrial expansion, a rise in the living standard, and increase in population have resulted in a higher rate of electricity consumption than in many other developed countries. The average annual increase in electricity generated over the last decade was 9.7 per cent and it is expected that this trend will be followed for many years ahead.
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Efficient screening of cation exchange resins for radiolanthanide separations
(Elsevier, 2025-12) Veliscek-Carolan, J; Pellegrini, PA; Burgess, L; Chironi, I; Mansour, F
This study presents a rapid analysis method for characterizing ion exchange resins used in radiolanthanide separations. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, combined with manufacturer-reported bead size, allows for the prediction of resin separation efficiency. Via FTIR, four subclasses (type A-D) of commercially available strong cation exchange resins with a polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) polymer base were identified, with variations in the 1000–1300 cm−1 region indicating the presence or absence of sulfonate functional groups and sulfone bridges. Type A resins with functional sulfonate groups showed superior separation resolution in the three-lanthanide system (dysprosium, terbium and gadolinium) as compared to other subclasses. Type B resins showed evidence of sulfone bridges, which reduce the availability of sulfonate functional groups and resulted in reduced lanthanide separation resolution. Type C and D resins showed minimal sulfonate functional groups and this corresponded to reduced analyte retention. Additionally, the DVB density of ion exchange resins was found to correlate with the process time of their chromatographic separation, although separation resolution appeared unaffected by cross-linking. This novel method of resin evaluation combining bead size and FTIR enables a reduction in the time, cost and waste generated relative to chromatographic evaluation. Thus, this approach offers a significant improvement in practical efficiency for evaluating the utility of PS-DVB resins in chromatographic separations. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY licence 4.0