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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    In-situ residual stress analysis during thermal cycle of a dissimilar weld joint using neutron diffraction and IEFEM
    (Japan Welding Society, 2017) Koichi, A; Masakazu, S; Kazuki, I; Satoru, N; Takashi, F; Hiroshi, S; Stefanus, H; Takuro, K; Vladimir, L
    Residual stress is one of important issues for optimizing the manufacturing process and ensuring the structural integrity of welded components. Many results on the issue have been reported, however, the residual stress relaxation mechanism of dissimilar weld joint by the thermal cycle is not yet enough clarified. In this study, the residual stress evolution process of a dissimilar weld joint during thermal cycle was investigated using in-situ neutron diffraction technique and the Idealized Explicit Finite Element Method (IEFEM). The base materials of the dissimilar weld specimen were a SUS316L stainless steel and a NCF600 nickel alloy. The obtained results clearly show that the residual stress especially in the NCF600 side decreased in the first thermal cycle due to yielding of the NCF600. This yielding was caused by an estimation that the total stress, which is the sum of the initial welding residual stress and the thermal stress, exceeded the yield strength of NCF600 during the heating process. © 2017 社団法人 溶接学会.
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    A pre-Lapita structure at Apalo, Arawe Islands, Papua New Guinea
    (Taylor & Francis, 2016-01-20) Specht, J; Gosden, C; Lentfer, C; Jacobsen, GE; Matthews, PJ; Lindsay, S
    Stilt structures in the inter-tidal zone or over shallow water on fringing reefs are widely accepted as a feature of settlements of the Lapita cultural complex in Near Oceania. Claims for similar structures in a pre-Lapita context at the Apalo site in the Arawe Islands, New Britain, Papua New Guinea, have been queried on several grounds. Re-evaluation of the Apalo evidence, together with 10 additional AMS radiocarbon dates, establishes human activity associated with some form of structure and possibly with a ground stone axe about 400–500 years before the Lapita pottery occupation. The paucity of occupational refuse suggests a non-residential structure perhaps associated with water transport. Comparisons with the older Dongan midden site in the Sepik-Ramu basin suggest stilt structures were probably used there as well. An apparent shift in depositional processes between the pre-Lapita and Lapita use of Apalo could reflect changed sea conditions arising from increased ENSO activity. © 2025 Informa UK Limited.
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    Inelastic and fracture behaviour of nuclear graphite
    (Elsevier, 2025-06-15) Irman, K; Flores-Johnson, EA; Kruzic, JJ; Windes, WE; Marrow, TJ; Muránsky, O
    Understanding nuclear graphite's inelastic and fracture behaviour is essential for current and future reactor technologies using graphite-based engineering components. This study compares the behaviour of three nuclear graphite grades, fine-grained IG-110, coarse-grained NBG-18 and medium-grained PCEA, subjected to the uniaxial compression (UC) and the splitting tensile (ST) tests. It was found that the IG-110 graphite has a more favourable combination of ultimate strength and ductility when compared to the NBG-18 and PCEA grades containing large pores acting as strain concentrators. The formation of shear cracks was the primary failure mode under compression, while the formation of a main tension crack in the middle of the specimen was the primary failure mode during the ST test. The inelastic and fracture response was modelled using finite element simulations employing the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) material model with the dilation angle parameter value selected by two different optimisation processes; a decoupled optimisation was run on the UC and ST models separately, and a coupled optimisation was performed on the UC and ST models running simultaneously. The best predictions were obtained when the value from the coupled optimisation was used. The results showed that the CDP model accurately describes the inelastic behaviour and peak force of all graphite grades and could also capture the failure modes observed experimentally in both UC and ST tests. In particular, the numerical model could capture the crack initiation and propagation path observed in the ST test reasonably well for the IG-110 and PCEA graphite grades. Crown Copyright © 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Edge‐hosted atomic Co−N4 sites on hierarchical porous carbon for highly selective two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction
    (Wiley, 2022-12-19) Tian, YH; Li, M; Wu, ZZ; Sun, Q; Yuan, D; Johannessen, B; Xu, L; Wang, Y; Dou, YH; Zhao, HJ; Zhang, SQ
    Not only high efficiency but also high selectivity of the electrocatalysts is crucial for high‐performance, low‐cost, and sustainable energy storage applications. Herein, we systematically investigate the edge effect of carbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathways (two‐electron (2 e−) or four‐electron (4 e−)) and conclude that the 2 e−‐ORR proceeding over the edge‐hosted atomic Co−N4sites is more favorable than the basal‐plane‐hosted ones. As such, we have successfully synthesized and tuned Co‐SACs with different edge‐to‐bulk ratios. The as‐prepared edge‐rich Co−N/HPC catalyst exhibits excellent 2 e−‐ORR performance with a remarkable selectivity of ≈95 % in a wide potential range. Furthermore, we also find that oxygen functional groups could saturate the graphitic carbon edges under the ORR operation and further promote electrocatalytic performance. These findings on the structure–property relationship in SACs offer a promising direction for large‐scale and low‐cost electrochemical H2O2production via the 2 e−‐ORR. © 2022 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access cc BY 4.0.
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    Predictive soft computing methods for building digital rock models verified by positron emission tomography experiments
    (American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2022-11) Ebadi, M; Armstrong, RT; Mostaghimi, P; Da Wang, Y; Alqahtani, N; Amirian, T; James, LA; Parmar, A; Zahra, D; Hamze, H; Koroteev, D
    The influence of core‐scale heterogeneity on continuum‐scale flow and laboratory measurements are not well understood. To address this issue, we propose a fully automated workflow based on soft computing to characterize the heterogeneous flow properties of cores for predictive continuum‐scale models. While the proposed AI‐based workflow inherently has no trained knowledge of rock petrophysical properties, our results demonstrate that image features and morphological properties provide sufficient measures for petrophysical classification. Micro X‐ray computed tomography (μxCT) image features were extracted from full core plug images by using a Convolutional Neural Network and Minkowski functional measurements. The features were then classified into specific classes using Principal Component Analysis followed by K‐means clustering. Next, the petrophysical properties of each class were evaluated using pore‐scale simulations to substantiate that unique classes were identified. The μxCT image was then up‐scaled to a continuum‐scale grid based on the defined classes. Last, simulation results were evaluated against real‐time flooding data monitored by Positron Emission Tomography. Both homogeneous sandstone and heterogeneous carbonate were tested. Simulation and experimental saturation profiles compared well, demonstrating that the workflow provided high‐fidelity characterization. Overall, we provided a novel workflow to build digital rock models in a fully automated way to better understand the impacts of heterogeneity on flow. © 2025 American Geophysical Union.