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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Materials separation via the matrix method employing energy-discriminating X-ray detection
    (MDPI, 2022-03-21) Yokhana, VSK; Arhatari, BD; Abbey, B
    The majority of lab-based X-ray sources are polychromatic and are not easily tunable, which can make the 3D quantitative analysis of multi-component samples challenging. The lack of effective materials separation when using conventional X-ray tube sources has motivated the development of a number of potential solutions including the application of dual-energy X-ray computed tomography (CT) as well as the use of X-ray filters. Here, we demonstrate the simultaneous decomposition of two low-density materials via inversion of the linear attenuation matrices using data from the energy-discriminating PiXirad detector. A key application for this method is soft-tissue differentiation which is widely used in biological and medical imaging. We assess the effectiveness of this approach using both simulation and experiment noting that none of the materials investigated here incorporate any contrast enhancing agents. By exploiting the energy discriminating properties of the detector, narrow energy bands are created resulting in multiple quasi-monochromatic images being formed using a broadband polychromatic source. Optimization of the key parameters for materials separation is first demonstrated in simulation followed by experimental validation using a phantom test sample in 2D and a small-animal model in 3D. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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    A novel granular sludge-based and highly corrosion-resistant bio-concrete in sewers
    (Elsevier, 2021-10-15) Song, YO; Chetty, K; Garbe, U; Wei, J; Bu, H; O'moore, L; Li, X; Yuan, ZG; McCarthy, T; Jiang, GG
    Bio-concrete is known for its self-healing capacity although the corrosion resistance was not investigated previously. This study presents an innovative bio-concrete by mixing anaerobic granular sludge into concrete to mitigate sewer corrosion. The control concrete and bio-concrete (with granular sludge at 1% and 2% of the cement weight) were partially submerged in a corrosion chamber for 6 months, simulating the tidal-region corrosion in sewers. The corrosion rates of 1% and 2% bio-concrete were about 17.2% and 42.8% less than that of the control concrete, together with 14.6% and 35.0% less sulfide uptake rates, 15.3% and 55.6% less sulfate concentrations, and higher surface pH (up to 1.8 units). Gypsum and ettringite were major corrosion products but in smaller sizes on bio-concrete than that of control concrete. The total relative abundance of corrosion-causing microorganisms, i.e. sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, was significantly reduced on bio-concrete, while more sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was detected. The corrosion-resistance of bio-concrete was mainly attributed to activities of SRB derived from the granular sludge, which supported the sulfur cycle between the aerobic and anaerobic corrosion sub-layers. This significantly reduced the net production of biogenic sulfuric acid and thus corrosion. The results suggested that the novel granular sludge-based bio-concrete provides a highly potential solution to reduce sewer corrosion. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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    Cross-over from weak localization to anti-localization in rare earth doped TRS protected topological insulators
    (Elsevier, 2021-01-07) Yue, ZJ; Zhao, WY; Rule, KC; Bake, A; Sang, L; Yang, GG; Tan, C; Li, Z; Wang, L; Wang, XL
    We study magneto-transport phenomena in two rare-earth doped topological insulators, SmxFexSb2-2xTe3 and SmxBi2-xTe2Se single crystals. The magneto-transport behaviours in both compounds exhibit a novel crossover between weak anti-localization (positive magnetoresistance) and weak localization (negative magnetoresistance) with changes in temperatures and magnetic fields. The weak localization is caused by rare-earth-doping induced magnetization, and the weak anti-localization originates from topologically protected surface states. The transition from weak localization to weak anti-localization demonstrates a gap opening at the Dirac point of the surface states in the quantum diffusive regime. This work demonstrates an effective way to manipulate the magneto-transport properties of the topological insulators by rare-earth element doping. Magnetometry measurements indicate that the Sm-dopant alone is paramagnetic, whereas the co-doped Fe-Sm state has short-range antiferromagnetic order. Our results demonstrate the potential to realize exotic topological effects and magneto-electric effects in gapped surface states of rare earth doped topological insulators. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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    Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO2 and Al2O3 thin films on silicon
    (SPIE, 2024-04-02) Mitchell, DRG; Triani, G; Attard, DJ; Finnie, KS; Evans, PJ; Barbé, CJ; Bartlett, JR
    The essential features of the ALD process involve sequentially saturating a surface with a (sub)monolayer of reactive species, such as a metal halide, then reacting it with a second species to form the required phase in-situ. Repetition of the reaction sequence allows the desired thickness to be deposited. The self-limiting nature of the reactions ensures excellent conformality, and sequential processing results in exquisite control over film thickness, albeit at rather slow deposition rates, typically <200nm/hr. We have been developing our capability with ALD deposition, to understand the influence of deposition parameters on the nature of TiO2 and Al2O3 films (high and low refractive index respectively), and multilayer stacks thereof. These stacks have potential applications as anti-reflection coatings and optical filters. This paper will explore the evolution of structure in our films as a function of deposition parameters including temperature and substrate surface chemistry. A broad range of techniques have been applied to the study of these films, including cross sectional transmission electron microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry etc. These have enabled a wealth of microstructural and compositional information on the films to be acquired, such as accurate film thickness, composition, crystallization sequence and orientation with respect to the substrate. The ALD method is shown to produce single layer films and multilayer stacks with exceptional uniformity and flatness, and in the case of stacks, chemically abrupt interfaces. We are currently extending this technology to the coating of polymeric substrates. © (2004) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
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    Characterization of thin metal oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition
    (SPIE, 2024-04-02) Evans, PJ; Prince, KE; Triani, G; Finnie, KS; Mitchell, DRG; Barbe, CJ
    Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a versatile technique for producing a wide variety of thin films. It provides a method for precisely controlling film thickness and composition. In addition films produced by ALD are highly conformal and are therefore excellent for the generation of MEMS devices. In the present study, single and multi layer films of TiO2 and Al2O3 have been deposited on silicon substrates at 200 and 300°C. These films have been characterised by a number of surface analytical techniques including dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), ion beam analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. These methods have enabled the optical, chemical and structural properties of the films to be accurately assessed. The results obtained to date demonstrate that ALD produces highly uniform single and multi layer films with minimal impurities. These high quality films are being applied to new opportunities for the development of future MEMS devices. © (2004) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)