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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Effect of interlayers and scanning strategies on through-thickness residual stress distributions in additive manufactured ferritic-austenitic steel structure
    (Elsevier, 2019-01-28) Woo, WC; Kim, DK; Kingston, EJ; Luzin, V; Salvemini, F; Hill, MR
    A total of five different types of specimens were additively manufactured by directed energy deposition (DED) process. The specimens have a functionally graded material (FGM) structure, which has been deposited with variation of chemical composition of ferritic and austenitic steel powders in each interlayer on a steel substrate. Residual stress distributions were experimentally measured through the thickness of the specimens by the contour method, neutron diffraction, and deep/incremental center hole drilling. Neutron diffraction provided three orthogonal stress components in each FGM part and the results were compared to the two-dimensional stress map obtained by the contour method and confirmed its criticalities from the highly spatial resolved depth profile by the hole drilling method. Significant variations from tension to compression (up to 950 MPa) in the sine-wave stress profile were alleviated to about 430 MPa when the FGM were deposited with orthogonal or island DED scanning strategies with interlayers. Gradual changes (16.3–12.1 × 10−6/°C) of the thermal expansion coefficient were measured among the inserted DED FGM parts and grain structure with defects along the interface was three dimensionally examined by neutron tomography. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Pandanus nutshell generates a palaeoprecipitation record for human occupation at Madjedbebe, northern Australia
    (Springer Nature, 2021-01-25) Florin, SA; Roberts, P; Marwick, B; Patton, NR; Shulmeister, J; Lovelock, CE; Barry, LA; Hua, Q; Nango, M; Djandjomerr, D; Fullagar, R; Wallis, LA; Fairbairn, AS; Clarkson, C
    Little is known about the Pleistocene climatic context of northern Australia at the time of early human settlement. Here we generate a palaeoprecipitation proxy using stable carbon isotope analysis of modern and archaeological pandanus nutshell from Madjedbebe, Australia’s oldest known archaeological site. We document fluctuations in precipitation over the last 65,000 years and identify periods of lower precipitation during the penultimate and last glacial stages, Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 2. However, the lowest effective annual precipitation is recorded at the present time. Periods of lower precipitation, including the earliest phase of occupation, correspond with peaks in exotic stone raw materials and artefact discard at the site. This pattern is interpreted as suggesting increased group mobility and intensified use of the region during drier periods. © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al sample preparation at the University of Wollongong
    (Elsevier, 2023-02) Codilean, AT; Fülöp, RH; Wilcken, KM; Koutamanis, DS; Fink, D; Fifield, LK; Wong, HJ; Enge, TG; Vardanega, CR; Rowling, B
    The University of Wollongong (UOW) cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al sample preparation laboratory has been in operation since the start of 2017. As primarily a feeder laboratory to ANSTO's Centre for Accelerator Science, our sample preparation procedures have been optimised with consideration to the setup of ANSTO's 6MV SIRIUS accelerator, and aim to achieve a balance between sample throughput as well as Be and Al target purity. A comparatively small number of samples (n = 68) have also been prepared for measurement at the Australian National University 14UD accelerator. 10Be/9Be ratios of procedural blanks measured on SIRIUS have fluctuated over time with the median for the year 2017 being 5.16 × 10−16 (IQR = 4.11 × 10−16 to 7.16 × 10−16, n = 18), increasing to 1.62 × 10−15 (IQR = 1.05 × 10−15 to 2.17 × 10−15, n = 31) for 2018 and 2019, a period coinciding with elevated boron levels in our samples, and finally decreasing to 1.15 × 10−15 (IQR = 8.63 × 10−16 to 1.60 × 10−15, n = 34) for 2020 and 2021. In contrast, 26Al/27Al ratios of procedural blanks measured on SIRIUS have shown a slight but continuous improvement over time with the median for 2017 of 1.70 × 10−15 (IQR = 8.19 × 10−16 to 5.25 × 10−15, n = 12) decreasing to 1.07 × 10−15 (IQR = 8.5 × 10−16 to 1.53 × 10−15, n = 13) for 2021. Median 10Be/9Be relative uncertainty of procedural blanks analysed on SIRIUS is 18 % (IQR = 15 % to 22 %; n = 86) whereas the median 26Al/27Al relative uncertainty of procedural blanks is higher at 60 % (IQR = 41 % to 100 %; n = 56), statistic resulting from most blanks yielding low 26Al counts (median = 2; IQR = 1–4.5). Average 9BeO− output relative to standard is between ∼ 70 % – 80 % for samples analysed on SIRIUS (n = 895) and ∼ 130 % for samples analysed at ANU (n = 68). 27Al− output relative to standard is lower for samples pressed into cathodes at UOW (∼60 %, n = 432) and analysed on SIRIUS than for those pressed at ANSTO (∼90 %, n = 119). Average 27Al− output relative to standard for samples analysed at ANU is ∼ 80 % (n = 62). 10Be and 26Al measurements of various laboratory intercomparison materials prepared at UOW between 2017 and 2022 yield results in agreement with consensus values confirming that our chemistry procedures are robust and in line with those elsewhere. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    LET calibration of ion microbeams and their SEE cross section characterization
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024-08-01) Peracchi, S; Drury, R; Pastuovic, Z; Williams, J; Tran, LT; Guatelli, S; Pan, VA; Archer, JW; Rosenfeld, AB; Coronetti, A; Emriskova, N; Alía, RG; Button, DT; Mann, M; Cohen, DD; Brenner, CM
    The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation hosts the Center for Accelerator Science, a sovereign facility with light and heavy ion beams. The 10-MV ANTARES accelerator is equipped with one of the few heavy ion nuclear microprobes in the world, which has been upgraded with the unique external beam irradiation facility (EBIF). EBIF has been actively used in the past few years for space radiation testing of electronics, advanced shielding materials, and living samples for life science in space. To align with international standards for such testing, a series of tests were performed to evaluate the uniformity of the raster scan of the microbeam across broad areas. Second, EBIF has been calibrated in terms of direct linear energy transfer (LET) measurement by using a silicon on insulator microdosimeter developed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong. Third, in collaboration with researchers from European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), energy calibration and single-event effect (SEE) cross section measurements were performed with a silicon diode and a commercial static random-access memory (SRAM), which were evaluated in other international facilities. This article discusses experimental data obtained during the tests and their comparison with GEANT4 and stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) simulations. © Copyright 2026 IEEE - All rights reserved.
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    Durability of hot uniaxially pressed Synroc derivative wasteform for EURO-GANEX wastes
    (Elsevier, 2018-10) Hsieh, YH; Humphry-Baker, SA; Horlait, D; Gregg, DJ; Vance, ER; Lee, WE
    A new titanate wasteform, Synroc-Z, was developed to contain minimal host phases for actinides and thus better suit the EURO-GANEX process. The processing conditions, waste loading and surface roughness were varied, and their effects on wasteform durability and microstructure were examined. Hot uniaxial pressing temperature was the most important factor in controlling density (<0.5 vol% porosity) and phase composition. Synroc-Z was found to have similar aqueous durability to Synroc-C. Leached samples formed Ti-oxide films and crystals on their surfaces as found by other researchers. At low waste loadings (<20 wt%), Synroc-Z showed slightly poorer durability performance than Synroc-C owing to its greater perovskite content (30 vs. 20 wt% respectively). However, at 35 wt% waste loading, Synroc-Z maintained its durability performance. This result is explained by the higher volume fraction of buffer phase, rutile, which allows greater flexibility for waste loading. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.