ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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A new Early Cretaceous lizard in Myanmar amber with exceptionally preserved integument
(Springer Nature, 2022-12-01) Čerňanský, A; Stanley, EL; Daza, JD; Bolet, A; Arias, JS; Bauer, AM; Vidal-García, M; Bevitt, JJ; Peretti, AM; Aung, NN; Evans, SE
We here report on a well-preserved juvenile lizard specimen in Albian amber (ca. 110 mya) from the Hkamti site (Myanmar). This new taxon is represented by an articulated skull and the anterior portion of the trunk, including the pectoral girdle and forelimbs. The scleral ossicles and eyelid are also visible, and the specimen exhibits pristine detail of the integument (of both head and body). In a combined molecular and morphological analysis, it was consistently recovered as a scincoid lizard (Scinciformata), as sister toTepexisaurus + Xantusiidae. However, the phylogenetic position of the new taxon should be interpreted with caution as the holotype is an immature individual. We explored the possibility of miscoding ontogenetically variable characters by running alternative analyses in which these characters were scored as missing data for our taxon. With the exception of one tree, in which it was sister to Amphisbaenia, the specimen was recovered as a Pan-xantusiid. Moreover, we cannot rule out the possibility that it represents a separate lineage of uncertain phylogenetic position, as it is the case for many Jurassic and Cretaceous taxa. Nonetheless, this fossil offers a rare opportunity to glimpse the external appearance of one group of lizards during the Early Cretaceous. © The Author(s) 2022 - Open Access CC BY 4.0
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Comparing three techniques to determine the water vapour transmission rates of polymers and barrier films
(Elsevier, 2017-12) Jarvis, KL; Evans, PJ; Cooling, NA; Vaughan, B; Habsuda, J; Belcher, WJ; Bilen, C; Griffiths, GJ; Dastoor, PC; Triani, G
Barrier films are required for a number of applications such as food packaging or organic electronics to prevent product degradation results from exposure to water vapour and oxygen. In order to determine the effectiveness of polymers and deposited barrier films to inhibit water permeation, the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) needs to be measured. The calcium test, MOCON instrument and tritiated water permeation can all be used to determine the WVTR, but the values produced by these techniques have not been extensively compared. The WVTR of two polymer substrates and two barrier films deposited onto polymer substrates have been measured using these three techniques. For a polyethylene terephthalate substrate and a MOCON reference film, similar WVTR were observed for all three techniques. For two commercially available barrier films, variable WVTRs were observed and attributed to film defects. WVTR measurements play an essential role in the use of polymers and barrier films to retard water permeation, therefore an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each technique is of great importance. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
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Regulating the coordination environment of mesopore‐confined single atoms from metalloprotein‐MOFs for highly efficient biocatalysis
(Wiley, 2022-09-08) Liang, JY; Johannessen, B; Wu, ZB; Webster, RF; Yong, J; Zulkifli, MYB; Harbort, JS; Cheok, YR; Wen, HT; Ao, ZM; Kong, B; Chang, SLY; Scott, J; Liang, K
Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit unparalleled atomic utilization and catalytic efficiency, yet it is challenging to modulate SACs with highly dispersed single‐atoms, mesopores, and well‐regulated coordination environment simultaneously and ultimately maximize their catalytic efficiency. Here, a generalized strategy to construct highly active ferric‐centered SACs (Fe‐SACs) is developed successfully via a biomineralization strategy that enables the homogeneous encapsulation of metalloproteins within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) followed by pyrolysis. The results demonstrate that the constructed metalloprotein‐MOF‐templated Fe‐SACs achieve up to 23‐fold and 47‐fold higher activity compared to those using metal ions as the single‐atom source and those with large mesopores induced by Zn evaporation, respectively, as well as up to a 25‐fold and 1900‐fold higher catalytic efficiency compared to natural enzymes and natural‐enzyme‐immobilized MOFs. Furthermore, this strategy can be generalized to a variety of metal‐containing metalloproteins and enzymes. The enhanced catalytic activity of Fe‐SACs benefits from the highly dispersed atoms, mesopores, as well as the regulated coordination environment of single‐atom active sites induced by metalloproteins. Furthermore, the developed Fe‐SACs act as an excellent and effective therapeutic platform for suppressing tumor cell growth. This work advances the development of highly efficient SACs using metalloproteins‐MOFs as a template with diverse biotechnological applications. © 2022 The Authors. Advanced Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC-BY-NC-ND.
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Temporal variation of atmospheric radon-222 and gaseous pollutants in background rea of Korea during 2013–2014
(Springer Nature, 2017-06-01) Bu, JO; Song, JM; Kim, WH; Kang, CH; Song, SK; Williams, AG; Chambers, SD
Real-time monitoring of hourly concentrations of atmospheric Radon-222 (222Rn, radon) and some gaseous pollutants (SO2, CO, O3) was performed throughout 2013-2014 at Gosan station of Jeju Island, one of the cleanest regions in Korea, in order to characterize their background levels and temporal variation trend. The hourly mean concentrations of radon and three gaseous pollutants (SO2, CO, O3) over the study period were 2216±1100 mBq/m3, 0.6±0.7 ppb, 211.6±102.0 ppb, and 43.0±17.0 ppb, respectively. The seasonal order of radon concentrations was as fall (2644 mBq/m3) ≈ winter (2612 mBq/m3) > spring (2022 mBq/m3) > summer (1666 mBq/m3). The concentrations of SO2 and CO showed similar patterns with those of radon as high in winter and low in summer, whereas the O3 concentrations had a bit different trend. Based on cluster analyses of air mass back trajectories, the air mass frequencies originating from Chinese continent, North Pacific Ocean, and the Korean Peninsula routes were 30, 18, and 52%, respectively. When the air masses were moved from Chinese continent to Jeju Island, the concentrations of radon and gaseous pollutants (SO2, CO, O3) were relatively high: 2584 mBq/m3, 0.76 ppb, 225.8 ppb, and 46.4 ppb. On the other hand, when the air masses were moved from North Pacific Ocean, their concentrations were much low as 1282 mBq/m3, 0.24 ppb, 166.1 ppb, and 32.5 ppb, respectively. © 2025 Springer Nature.
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The formation and Kr-ion irradiation behaviour of new microstructural features in additively manufactured titanium aluminium alloy
(Elsevier, 2019-10) Zhu, HL; Ma, Y; Wei, T; Li, HJ; Aughterson, RD; Lumpkin, GR
New microstructural features were found in the TiAl alloy manufactured using the gas tungsten arc welding-based additive manufacturing technology. The ion-irradiation responses of the new microstructure features were investigated in-situ via irradiation with 1 MeV Kr2+ ions at room and 873 K. Examination of the microstructure showed that the typical lamellar microstructure consisting of α2-Ti3Al and γ-TiAl phases formed α2/γ lamellar interfaces and γ/γ twin boundaries. Apart from this, the γ lamellae were also found to form γ/γ lamellar boundaries with the two γ lamellae in the same orientation or the <10-1 > //<411> orientation relationship. This is not observed in the TiAl alloys fabricated using traditional alloy fabrication methods. Kr ion-irradiation at room and elevated temperatures resulted in no significant difference in the morphologies of most radiation-induced defects in the <411> orientated γ lamellae and the <10-1> orientated γ lamellae. However, the areas of the new boundaries exhibited different damage morphologies in comparison with the traditional γ/γ twin boundaries. The formation mechanisms of the new microstructural features formed in the additive manufacturing process and their irradiation behaviour are investigated and discussed. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.