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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Recent Submissions

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    Synchrotron scanning photoemission microscopy of homogeneous and heterogeneous metal sulfide minerals
    (International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), 2011-06-01) Acres, RG; Harmer, SL; Shui, HW; Chen, CH; Beattie, DA
    Scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM) has been applied to the investigation of homogeneous and heterogeneous metal sulfide mineral surfaces. Three mineral samples were investigated: homogeneous chalcopyrite, heterogeneous chalcopyrite with bornite, and heterogeneous chalcopyrite with pyrite. Sulfur, copper and iron SPEM images,i.e.surface-selective elemental maps with high spatial resolution acquired using the signal from the S 2pand Cu and Fe 3pphotoemission peaks, were obtained for the surfaces after exposure to different oxidation conditions (either exposed to air or oxidized in pH 9 solution), in addition to high-resolution photoemission spectra from individual pixel areas of the images. Investigation of the homogeneous chalcopyrite sample allowed for the identification of step edges using the topography SPEM image, and high-resolution S 2pspectra acquired from the different parts of the sample image revealed a similar rate of surface oxidation from solution exposure for both step edge and a nearby terrace site. SPEM was able to successfully distinguish between chalcopyrite and bornite on the heterogeneous sample containing both minerals, based upon sulfur imaging. The high-resolution S 2pspectra acquired from the two regions highlighted the faster air oxidation of the bornite relative to the chalcopyrite. Differentiation between chalcopyrite and pyrite based upon contrast in SPEM images was not successful, owing to either the poor photoionization cross section of the Cu and Fe 3pelectrons or issues with rough fracture of the composite surface. In spite of this, high-resolution S 2pspectra from each mineral phase were successfully obtained using a step-scan approach. © International Union of Crystallography.
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    Thermochemical energy storage in SrCO3 composites with SrTiO3 or SrZrO3
    (Elsevier, 2024-04-01) Williamson, K; Liu, Y; Humphries, TD; D'Angelo, AM; Paskevicius, M; Buckley, CE
    Thermochemical energy storage offers a cost-effective and efficient approach for storing thermal energy at high temperature (∼1100 °C) for concentrated solar power and large-scale long duration energy storage. SrCO3 is a potential candidate as a thermal energy storage material due to its high energy density of 205 kJ/mol of CO2 during reversible CO2 release and absorption. However, it loses cyclic capacity rapidly due to sintering. This study determined that the cyclic capacity of SrCO3 was enhanced by the addition of either reactive SrTiO3 or inert SrZrO3, where the molar ratios of SrCO3 to SrZrO3 were varied from 1:0.125 to 1:1. Thermogravimetric analysis over 15 CO2 sorption cycles demonstrated that both materials retained ∼80 % of their maximum cyclic capacity on the milligram scale. Repeated measurements using gram scale samples revealed a decrease in maximum capacity to 11 % using a sample of SrCO3 – 0.5 SrZrO3 over 53 cycles, while the use of SrTiO3 additives allowed for the retention of 80 % maximum capacity over 55 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of reactive additives in enhancing the performance of thermochemical energy storage systems, while providing valuable insights for the development of cost-effective materials. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Scalable fabrication of high‐performance perovskite solar cell modules by mediated vapor deposition
    (Wiley, 2024-12-05) Wang, YL; Chen, JH; Zhang, YX; Lv, P; Pan, JY; Hu, M; Tan, WL; Ku, ZL; Cheng, YB; Simonov, AN; Lu, JF
    Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can enable renewable electricity generation at low levelized costs, subject to the invention of an economically feasible technology for their large-scale fabrication, like vapor deposition. This approach is effective for the fabrication of small area (<1 cm2) PSCs, but its scale-up to produce high-efficiency larger area modules has been limited by a severe imbalance between the vapor-solid reaction kinetics and the mass-transport of the volatile ammonium salt precursor. In this study, an amidine-based low-dimensional perovskite is introduced as an intermediate of the solid-vapor reaction to help resolve this limitation. This improves reaction pathway produces unique vertically monolithic grains with no detectable horizontal boundaries, which is used to produce 1.0 cm2 PSCs with an efficiency of 22.1%, as well as 12.5 and 48 cm2 modules delivering 21.1% and 20.1% efficiency, respectively. The modules retain ≈85% of their initial performance after 900 h of continuous operation (ISOS-L-1 protocol) and ≈100% after 2800 h of storage in an ambient environment (ISOS-D-1 protocol). © 1999-2026 John Wiley & Sons, Inc or related companies. All rights reserved. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH
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    Dimensionality-decomposition based deep learning approach for non-equilibrium electric double layer modeling
    (IOP Publishing, 2025-11-01) Li, WJ; Li, YJ; Avdeev, M; Shi, SQ
    The electric double layer (EDL), formed by charge adsorption at the electrolyte–electrode interface, constitutes the microenvironment governing electrochemical reactions. However, due to scale mismatch between the EDL thickness and electrode topography, solving the two-dimensional (2D) nonhomogeneous Poisson–Nernst–Planck (N-PNP) equations remains computationally intractable. This limitation hinders understanding of fundamental phenomena such as curvature-driven instabilities in 2D EDL. Here, we propose a dimensionality-decomposition strategy embedding a fully connected neural network (FCNN) to solve 2D N-PNP equations, in which the FCNN is trained on key electrochemical parameters by reducing the electrostatic boundary into multiple equivalent 1D representations. Through a representative case of LiPF6 reduction on lithium metal half-cell, nucleus size is unexpectedly found to have an important influence on dendrite morphology and tip kinetics. This work paves the way for bridging nanoscale and macroscale simulations with expandability to 2D situations of other 1D EDL models. © 2025 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd.
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    A robotic treatment delivery system to facilitate dynamic conformal synchrotron radiotherapy
    (Wiley, 2025-06) Barnes, MJ; Afshar, N; Batty, T; Fiala, T; Cameron, M; Hausermann, D; Hardcastle, N; Lerch, M
    Background In clinical radiotherapy, the patient remains static during treatment and only the source is dynamically manipulated. In synchrotron radiotherapy, the beam is fixed, and is horizontally wide and vertically small, requiring the patient to be moved through the beam to ensure full target coverage, while shaping the field to conform to the target. No clinical system exists that performs both dynamic motion of the patient and dynamic shaping of the beam. Purpose We developed and tested a new dynamic treatment delivery system capable of delivering conformal fields with a robotic patient positioning system for use on the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australian Synchrotron. Methods An industrial robotic manipulator was modified to enable dynamic radiotherapy treatments on IMBL. The robot, combined with a carbon-fiber treatment couch-top and a recently developed dynamic collimator, formed the basis of the new treatment delivery system. To synchronize the motions of the robot and collimator, a real-time, hardware-based event-handling system was utilized. To test the system, a ball bearing in a medical physics phantom was treated with circular fields ranging from 5 to 40 mm in diameter and at treatment speeds from 2 to 50 mm s−1. The position of the ball bearing was compared to the center of the circular fields and the positional and temporal accuracy of the treatment delivery system was assessed, and appropriate treatment margins for the system were determined. Results The vertical position of the ball bearing varied with treatment delivery speed (−1.06 to 0.93 mm) while the horizontal position remained consistent (−0.05 to 0.09 mm). The time-delay between the robot and the collimator remained consistent (−35.5 ms to 18.5 ms) at treatment speeds above 2 mms−1. Data at 2 mm⁢s−1 was right at the edge of both the robot capabilities and the analysis technique, and had larger variations in timing (0.0 ms to 57.9 ms). Horizontal margins of 0.51 mm and vertical margins of up to 2.3 mm were calculated for the treatment delivery system. Conclusions We have implemented the first robotic treatment delivery system for synchrotron radiotherapy treatments. The largest errors were observed in the direction of motion of the patient through the beam and with future improvements, can be reduced. The system was both accurate and repeatable and is ready to support future treatments on IMBL. © 2025 The Author(s). Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Open Access CC BY 4.0.