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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    Microstructure and mechanical properties of bulked-wall Inconel 625 through wire and arc-based additive manufacturing
    (Springer Nature, 2025-03-05) Zhang, CX; Qiu, ZJ; Zhu, HL; Wang, ZY; Pan, ZX; Xi, JT; Li, HJ
    In this study, Ni-based Inconel 625 bulk structures with several beads in each layer were manufactured by cold metal transfer based-wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with different heat inputs and active interpass cooling. The macro- and micro-structures, and mechanical properties of the fabricated components were analyzed, especially bulk texture and micro texture were explored in detail. Distinctive from the often-observed strong (200) crystallographic texture in additively manufactured Ni-based alloys, a relatively weak bulk texture was achieved in the produced materials based on neutron diffraction measurements. Consistent with the bulk texture, a random micro-texture was found using the microscopical technique. The dendrite arm spacing of the sample with the lowest heat input was slightly decreased, and precipitates appeared to be lessened, together with refined texture, higher geometrically necessary dislocation density and more low-angle grain boundaries. All these factors promoted enhanced mechanical properties of the lowest heat-input sample (more than 10% higher), compared with other heat-input ones. Some void defects were observed at the bead overlapping areas at layer boundaries, and this is considered due to lack of fusion, and refined surface finish induced by lower heat input contributes to fewer voids. In addition, bulk walls are compared with single-bead walls, and bulk ones possessed about 100 MPa (horizontal) higher tensile strength but more obvious anisotropy than single-bead structures. This work provides insightful knowledge on the micro and macro texture, as well as other microstructural evolution and mechanical properties under various heat inputs in the WAAM of Inconel 625 Ni-based alloy, which contributes to the fabrication of large-sized components by WAAM with high effectiveness. Copyright © 2025, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Electrochemical doping for absorption and conductivity tuning of P(NDI2OD‐T2) films
    (Wiley, 2025-10-20) Neusser, D; Sun, XM; Jena, SS; Tan, WL; Thomsen, L; McNeill, CR; Ghosh, S; Zozoulenko, I; Ludwigs, S
    Electrochemical doping of thin films of poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD‐T2)) is shown as straightforward method to achieve different degrees of doping both during in situ electrochemical experiments as well as in the solid state. Results obtained from cyclic voltammetry and absorption spectroscopy upon reduction can be explained by the presence of the neutral state as well as polaron and bipolaron species, including neutral/polaron and polaron/bipolaron mixed valence states. The UV‐vis‐NIR spectra are analyzed and explained based on the calculated electronic structure and the corresponding transitions between different states, this includes features such as numbers and positions of the peaks and their evolution during reduction. Most intrugingly, doped films are stable after transfer in the solid state, as evidenced by absorption spectroscopy. Conductivity measurements of films with different degrees of doping show a bell‐shaped conductivity profile, which underlines the classification of P(NDI2OD‐T2) as a conjugated redox polymer with mixed valence transport. Maximum conductivities of up to 2 × 10 −4  S cm −1 are obtained at intermediate doping levels under the coexistence of neutral state and polarons. Conductivity measurements of blade‐coated films point to anisotropic charge transport with the highest charge transport along the blade /polymer chain direction and an anisotropic conductivity ratio of 4.1. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Electronic Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Synchrotron scanning photoemission microscopy of homogeneous and heterogeneous metal sulfide minerals
    (International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), 2011-06-01) Acres, RG; Harmer, SL; Shui, HW; Chen, CH; Beattie, DA
    Scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM) has been applied to the investigation of homogeneous and heterogeneous metal sulfide mineral surfaces. Three mineral samples were investigated: homogeneous chalcopyrite, heterogeneous chalcopyrite with bornite, and heterogeneous chalcopyrite with pyrite. Sulfur, copper and iron SPEM images,i.e.surface-selective elemental maps with high spatial resolution acquired using the signal from the S 2pand Cu and Fe 3pphotoemission peaks, were obtained for the surfaces after exposure to different oxidation conditions (either exposed to air or oxidized in pH 9 solution), in addition to high-resolution photoemission spectra from individual pixel areas of the images. Investigation of the homogeneous chalcopyrite sample allowed for the identification of step edges using the topography SPEM image, and high-resolution S 2pspectra acquired from the different parts of the sample image revealed a similar rate of surface oxidation from solution exposure for both step edge and a nearby terrace site. SPEM was able to successfully distinguish between chalcopyrite and bornite on the heterogeneous sample containing both minerals, based upon sulfur imaging. The high-resolution S 2pspectra acquired from the two regions highlighted the faster air oxidation of the bornite relative to the chalcopyrite. Differentiation between chalcopyrite and pyrite based upon contrast in SPEM images was not successful, owing to either the poor photoionization cross section of the Cu and Fe 3pelectrons or issues with rough fracture of the composite surface. In spite of this, high-resolution S 2pspectra from each mineral phase were successfully obtained using a step-scan approach. © International Union of Crystallography.
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    Thermochemical energy storage in SrCO3 composites with SrTiO3 or SrZrO3
    (Elsevier, 2024-04-01) Williamson, K; Liu, Y; Humphries, TD; D'Angelo, AM; Paskevicius, M; Buckley, CE
    Thermochemical energy storage offers a cost-effective and efficient approach for storing thermal energy at high temperature (∼1100 °C) for concentrated solar power and large-scale long duration energy storage. SrCO3 is a potential candidate as a thermal energy storage material due to its high energy density of 205 kJ/mol of CO2 during reversible CO2 release and absorption. However, it loses cyclic capacity rapidly due to sintering. This study determined that the cyclic capacity of SrCO3 was enhanced by the addition of either reactive SrTiO3 or inert SrZrO3, where the molar ratios of SrCO3 to SrZrO3 were varied from 1:0.125 to 1:1. Thermogravimetric analysis over 15 CO2 sorption cycles demonstrated that both materials retained ∼80 % of their maximum cyclic capacity on the milligram scale. Repeated measurements using gram scale samples revealed a decrease in maximum capacity to 11 % using a sample of SrCO3 – 0.5 SrZrO3 over 53 cycles, while the use of SrTiO3 additives allowed for the retention of 80 % maximum capacity over 55 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of reactive additives in enhancing the performance of thermochemical energy storage systems, while providing valuable insights for the development of cost-effective materials. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access CC BY 4.0.
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    Scalable fabrication of high‐performance perovskite solar cell modules by mediated vapor deposition
    (Wiley, 2024-12-05) Wang, YL; Chen, JH; Zhang, YX; Lv, P; Pan, JY; Hu, M; Tan, WL; Ku, ZL; Cheng, YB; Simonov, AN; Lu, JF
    Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can enable renewable electricity generation at low levelized costs, subject to the invention of an economically feasible technology for their large-scale fabrication, like vapor deposition. This approach is effective for the fabrication of small area (<1 cm2) PSCs, but its scale-up to produce high-efficiency larger area modules has been limited by a severe imbalance between the vapor-solid reaction kinetics and the mass-transport of the volatile ammonium salt precursor. In this study, an amidine-based low-dimensional perovskite is introduced as an intermediate of the solid-vapor reaction to help resolve this limitation. This improves reaction pathway produces unique vertically monolithic grains with no detectable horizontal boundaries, which is used to produce 1.0 cm2 PSCs with an efficiency of 22.1%, as well as 12.5 and 48 cm2 modules delivering 21.1% and 20.1% efficiency, respectively. The modules retain ≈85% of their initial performance after 900 h of continuous operation (ISOS-L-1 protocol) and ≈100% after 2800 h of storage in an ambient environment (ISOS-D-1 protocol). © 1999-2026 John Wiley & Sons, Inc or related companies. All rights reserved. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH