ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Communities in ANSTO Publications Online

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Recent Submissions

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Exploring the biological identity of nanoplastics
(Institut Laue Langevin, 2024-07-18) Kihara, S; Mata, JP; Domigan, L; Keoper, I; McGillivray, DJ
Despite recent attention to nanoplastics, there is still much to learn about their surface coatings that give them their “bioidentity”, which is critical to their behaviour in biological contexts. These coatings, corona, form on the particle as a complex mixtures of proteins and other surface-active chemicals – some strongly bound, and others weakly attached and exceptionally hard to study– which depend on both the particle and its environment. We show that the nature of the protein corona in simple systems depends on the surface charge and particle size of the nanoplastics, and that nanoparticles with corona can aggregate to form higher order structures, which may trigger biological stress responses. We also show that model nanoplastics strongly associate with human alveolar epithelial cells, in a manner dependent on their protein corona. However, there is much still to be learnt about the impact of complex environmental systems on these coatings, which is critical to the development of mitigation strategies for nanoplastic contamination.
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Impurity tolerance of unsaturated Ni-N‑C active sites for practical electrochemical CO2 reduction
(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2022-02-09) Leverett, J; Yuwono, JA; Kumar, P; Tran-Phu, T; Qu, JT; Cairney, JM; Wang, X; Simonov, AN; Hocking, RK; Johannessen, B; Dai, L; Daiyan, R; Amal, R
Demonstrating the potential of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) in industrially relevant conditions is a promising route for achieving net-zero emissions through decarbonization. This requires a catalyst system that displays not only high activity and stability but also the capacity to deliver a consistent performance in the presence of waste stream impurities. To explore these opportunities, we investigate the role that the Ni coordination structure plays on the impurity tolerance of highly active single-atom catalysts (SACs) during CO2RR. The as-synthesized materials are highly active for CO2RR to CO, achieving a current density of 470 mA cm-2 and a CO selectivity of 99% in a CO2 electrolyzer. We demonstrate, through high-temperature pyrolysis, that a higher concentration of “unsaturated” Ni-N4-x-Cx sites significantly improves the tolerance to NOx, SOx, volatile organic compounds, and SCN- impurities in aqueous electrolyte, paving the way for SACs capable of CO2RR in industrial conditions. © 2022 American Chemical Society.
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Global seafood dose 2023: assessment by an international team
(ICRP, 2023-11-06) Johansen, MP; Carpenter, JG; Charmasson, S; Gwynn, JP; McGinnity, P; Mori, A; Orr, B; Simon-Cornu, M; Osvath, I
It has been known for many years that ingestion dose from seafood is an important component of the background dose rates for billions of consumers worldwide and that eating seafood can contribute proportionally higher dose as compared with terrestrial-sourced foods. However, a well-supported and current estimate of the contribution of seafood to the dose of global consumers is not available. This is mainly because of the difficulty in assembling the underlying data on a global scale, but also due to the varied and dynamic nature of exposures. Global seafood consumption is increasing, diet patterns are shifting (e.g., toward more farmed products), and new inputs of radionuclides into marine systems have occurred (e.g., the Fukushima accident). A new assessment is being conducted on seafood dose in the context of the ongoing stresses on ocean resources and protection of the marine environment. Its global scale makes use of a much-expanded database on radionuclides in seafood (Marine Radioactivity Information System -MARIS) as well as global diet data and updated parameters for dose calculation. The new assessment: • Evaluates global data on 16 natural and anthropogenic radionuclides. • Draws from more than 84,856 activity concentrations data for biota. • Uses seafood consumption data representing approximately 35% of the world population drawn from national and sub-national diet studies. • Develops new correction factors for the loss of 210Po during cooking, radiological decay during storage, as well as the decreases in 210Po in maricultured seafood. • Implements a bespoke Monte Carlo application for calculating seafood dose distributions. • Compiles and evaluates 150+ seafood ingestion dose estimates published in the past 30 years. The new results indicate somewhat higher seafood dose rates for typical global consumers than previous comprehensive assessments (UNSCEAR, MARDOS). Compared with the 150+ previous individual published studies, our distribution of global dose matches closely and helps explain and interpret the previous estimates. Most background seafood dose is from naturally-sourced 210Po (~80%) followed by 210Pb (+10%) and the Ra radionuclides (~7%). A comparatively small background dose (<0.01%) comes from the ambient anthropogenic radionuclides in seafood that derive from worldwide fallout, accidents, releases from waste sites and similar sources. Study outcomes are useful in providing benchmark references for dose assessments performed on the local, regional and national scale for planned facilities or for evaluating accidental releases. They also provide a baseline for quantifying the changes in seafood dose over time. Results show that typical seafood doses are changing as they reflect trends toward more maricultured products (which can have markedly lower levels of 210Po), various stresses and impacts on world fisheries as well as the evolution of seafood production and distribution systems. Numerous researchers and organisations worldwide have provided input into the project. The assessment is being conducted within the IAEA Coordinated Research Project “Behaviour and Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Marine Environment and their Use as Tracers for Oceanography Studies.”
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Development of transient free-surface models to study vapour explosions
(World Scientific, 1995-07-03) Storr, GJ; Wassink, D; Behnia, M
Vapour Explosions are hazards in several industries which have caused loss of life, and the destruction of expensive plant and equipment. Generally the metals processing industries are at most risk, but others including paper manufacturing, nuclear, and liquefied natural gas transport are affected. While the phenomena is well known, many of the detailed physical processes inherent to the phenomena remain unresolved. If these processes can be better understood, then the effects of vapour explosions may be mitigated. ANSTO is undertaking research into some of the fundamental processes occurring in vapour explosion phenomena.
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Theremal profiles for high-level radioactive waste burial
(Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1983) Barry, JM; Miskelly, PC; Pollard, JP
Several solutions for the long-term storage of high-level radioactive waste have been proposed. Essentially they involve the solidification of the spent nuclear material and its storage in the most stable environment possible. The conventional method is to solidify such wastes, by vitrification in borosilicate glass but, at night temperatures and specific hydrothermal conditions, these wasteforms have shown enhanced leachability. This problem can be overcome by reducing the concentration of the heat source (i.e. the radioactive material) but promising alternatives are available, such as the Australian SYNROC process. A computational model for the determination of temperature distribution produced by radioactive decay, particularly the temperature within a cylinder of SYNROC material buried deep beneath the Earth's surface, is discussed.