ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Potential of blended byproduct caps for management of bauxite residues: how do texture and weathering impact geochemistry?
(Elsevier, 2025-04) Taki, G; Grierson, PF; Brand, HEA; Murphy, DV; Santini, TC
This study evaluated how successive leaching of caustic bauxite residues of different textures, coupled with blending with locally available byproducts, might improve geochemical characteristics of capping materials. Three bauxite residue textures (fines, fines plus 10 % residue sand and residue sand) were blended with three byproducts (fly ash, sewage water and eucalypt mulch) individually or in combination. Treatments were subject to leaching of three wetting/drying cycles over 18 weeks to mimic field weathering. The pH, salinity and Na concentration of blended materials decreased after leaching regardless of texture. Alkaline minerals (sodalite and calcite) content also decreased during weathering due to enhanced dissolution. Combined byproducts improved multiple chemical properties simultaneously more than any single byproduct. Further decreases in pH, sodicity and concentration of toxic elements are needed to improve suitability of blended capping materials for meeting closure targets, including vegetation establishment. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Solute clustering behaviour during natural ageing in Al-Cu alloys containing Sc and Zr
(Elsevier, 2025-08-01) Jiang, L; Wood, K; Sokolova, AV; Dorin, T
This study investigates the effects of scandium (Sc) and zirconium (Zr) microalloying on solute clustering in Al-Cu alloys during natural ageing. Using atom probe tomography (APT), we reveal a full suppression of Cu-rich cluster formation in the AlCuScZr alloy compared to its Sc- and Zr-free counterpart. Instead, a distinct type of cluster, comprising Si, Sc and Zr forms, preferentially at Al3(Sc, Zr) dispersoids/Al interfaces, driven by strong Si-Sc-vacancy and Si-Zr-vacancy binding energies. These sites act as vacancy traps, redirecting clustering pathways away from the Cu-rich clusters typically observed in Al-Cu alloys. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) indicates suggest that the natural ageing kinetics in the AlCuScZr alloys are significantly delayed, likely due to the limited availability of Si, Sc and Zr solutes in the matrix. As a result, the AlCuScZr alloy exhibits slower hardening response during natural ageing. This is the first report of Si-Sc-Zr cluster formation during natural ageing in Al alloys, providing critical insights into how dispersoids, solute interactions, and vacancies govern early-stage clustering and mechanical evolution. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. Open Access CC-BY
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Electrochemical stability of carbon-supported gold nanoparticles in acidic electrolyte during cyclic voltammetry
(Elsevier, 2016-01-01) Steven, JT; Golovko, VB; Johannessen, B; Marshall, AT
Cyclic voltammetry has been used to assess the electrochemical stability of gold nanoparticle-based electrocatalysts with differing initial particle size distributions in sulphuric acid electrolyte. The electrochemically active surface area (EASA), based on the gold oxide reduction charge, revealed that the electrocatalyst containing gold nanoparticles with an initial number-weighted average diameter of 4.5 nm was stable over 100 voltammetry cycles. Conversely, the electrocatalysts based on 3.1 nm and 2.9 nm gold nanoparticles showed a continuous decrease in the EASA in line with TEM and EXAFS data which confirmed growth of the gold particles during cycling. Importantly, we find no evidence to suggest that the nature of the stabilising ligand used during the gold nanoparticle synthesis, has any effect of the electrochemical stability of gold nanoparticles. When the anodic limit of the cyclic voltammograms was limited to below the gold oxide formation potential, the nanoparticles were stable, confirming that the loss in EASA is primarily related to the dissolution and growth of gold nanoparticles associated with the Au-AuOx redox process. Interestingly, an electrocatalyst initially containing 0.8 nm diameter gold nanoclusters had a surprisingly low EASA (these clusters appear not to exhibit normal Au-AuOx redox behaviour typical for the larger gold nanoparticles), but still showed significant particle growth during the cycling as confirmed by TEM and XPS analysis. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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Experimental comparison of the bioaccumulation of anthropogenic radionuclides by egg and juvenile life stages of a small shark
(Elsevier, 2017-11) Jeffree, RA; Johansen, MP
This study compared the bioaccumulation of anthropogenic nuclides (65Zn, 134Cs, 60Co and 241Am) between the egg and juvenile life stages of a small shark (Scyliorhinus canicula), based on previously published experimental data. Rates of accumulation over 15 days were derived and summed for the transfer pathways which were specific to these two life stages. Radionuclide transfers to the egg and its embryo & yolk were quantified for i) the maternal pathway following her uptake of radionuclides via food and seawater and ii) from seawater following its oviposition. For the juvenile, the transfer of radionuclides were measured for aqueous & dietary pathways. The results show that, compared to juveniles, eggs have equivalent rates of accumulation of 65Zn and 134Cs but enhanced accumulation of 241Am by a factor of five and of 60Co by two orders of magnitude. The radiological exposure of the embryo due to radionuclides maternally transferred to the embryo & yolk is also enhanced for the alpha-emitting 241Am. This enhanced accumulation of 241Am and 60Co, as well as the equivalent accumulation of 65Zn and 134Cs, suggest greater likely vulnerability to radiation damage in eggs as compared to juveniles. Radiological dose assessment confirmed highest doses to the egg which is predominantly due to accumulated 241Am. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd.
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Atomic-scale structure of In1-xGaxSb thin films as-deposited and after ion irradiation
(Elsevier, 2024-04-08) Bolzan, CA; Johannessen, B; Wu, ZB; Giulian, R
Extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy was used to investigate the neighborhood of In and Ga atoms in In1-xGaxSb thin films, deposited by magnetron sputtering and, subsequently, irradiated with 8 MeV Au+3 ions, with ion fluences ranging from 1 × 1013 cm−2 to 5 × 1014 cm−2. For as-deposited films, it was verified that the lattice mismatch in In1-xGaxSb is accommodated favorably through bond bending over bond stretching. This accommodation was modelled for all possible first nearest neighbor configurations based on experimentally determined structural parameters. Based on this, it was obtained that structural and electronic effects both contribute to the bandgap change in a similar way and neither local atomic arrangements nor charge redistribution can be neglected. Upon ion irradiation, this compound preserves its constant bond length value for the range of ion fluences used in this work. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd.