ANSTO Publications Online
Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.
The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.
ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.
If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.
APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.
ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.
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ANSTO Publications Contains material published by ANSTOBook Publications ANSTO authored books and book chaptersConference Publications ANSTO authored conference papers, presentations, posters and abstractsJournal Publications ANSTO authored journal articlesThesis Thesis completed by ANSTO staff and students
Recent Submissions
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Cation exchange in smectites as a new approach to mineral carbonation
(Frontiers, 2022-06-23) Zeyen, N; Wang, BL; Wilson, S; Paulo, C; Stubbs, AR; Power, IM; Steele-Maclnnis, M; Lanzirotti, A; Newville, M; Paterson, DJ; Hamilton, JL; Jones, TR; Turvey, CC; Dipple, GM; Southam, G
Mineral carbonation of alkaline mine residues is a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that can be employed by the mining industry. Here, we describe the mineralogy and reactivity of processed kimberlites and kimberlite ore from Venetia (South Africa) and Gahcho Kué (Canada) diamond mines, which are smectite-rich (2.3–44.1 wt.%). Whereas, serpentines, olivines, hydrotalcites and brucite have been traditionally used for mineral carbonation, little is known about the reactivity of smectites to CO2. The smectite from both mines is distributed as a fine-matrix and is saponite, Mm+x/mMx/mm+Mg3(AlxSi4−x)O10(OH)2·nH2O, where the layer charge deficiency is balanced by labile, hydrated interlayer cations (Mm+). A positive correlation between cation exchange capacity and saponite content indicates that smectite is the most reactive phase within these ultramafic rocks and that it can be used as a source of labile Mg2+ and Ca2+ for carbonation reactions. Our work shows that smectites provide the fast reactivity of kimberlite to CO2 in the absence of the highly reactive mineral brucite [Mg(OH)2]. It opens up the possibility of using other, previously inaccessible rock types for mineral carbonation including tailings from smectite-rich sediment-hosted metal deposits and oil sands tailings. We present a decision tree for accelerated mineral carbonation at mines based on this revised understanding of mineralogical controls on carbonation potential. © 2022 Zeyen, Wang, Wilson, Paulo, Stubbs, Power, Steele-Maclnnis, Lanzirotti, Newville, Paterson, Hamilton, Jones, Turvey, Dipple and Southam. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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Migration of transition metals and potential for carbon mineralization during acid leaching of processed kimberlite from Venetia diamond mine, South Africa
(Elsevier, 2024-05) Wang, BL; Zeyen, N; Wilson, S; Honda-McNeil, MJ; Hamilton, JL; Von Gunten, K; Alessi, DS; Jones, TR; Paterson, DJ; Southam, G
Carbonation of mafic and ultramafic rocks and mineral wastes provides a permanent way to sequester excess atmospheric CO2. Recent research has shown that this method also offers the potential for enhanced recovery of critical metals from mine tailings. In this study, processed kimberlite from the Venetia diamond mine (South Africa) was used in column acid leaching experiments to assess both its carbonation potential and whether critical metals such as nickel could be recovered during mineral carbonation. Processed kimberlite was treated daily with one pore volume of either deionized water or dilute hydrochloric acid (0.04 M, 0.08 M, 0.12 M and 0.16 M) for 28 days. Iron-rich yellow precipitates consistent with yellow ground formed during the experiments both at the top of the residue columns (corresponding to the inlets of the columns) and within the leachates collected from the bases of columns. The carbonation potential and mobility of transition metals were investigated using a combination of quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) using Rietveld refinements, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with EDXS, and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). Our results show that the high proportion of clay minerals (e.g., lizardite, smectite, talc, chlorite) in the processed kimberlite act as the primary source for Mg and transition metals such as Ni; however, calcite dissolution is the main source for Ca. The amount of Mg and Ca extracted from processed kimberlite increases with HCl concentration. If acid leaching of processed kimberlite were used at Venetia, the amount of Mg leached from clay minerals would provide an estimated CO2 offset potential ranging from 2.1 to 15.8 % of the mine's total annual emissions. The leached Ca from silicate dissolution could also provide an estimated CO2 offset potential ranging from 2.1 to 8.1 % of the mine's total annual emissions. However, the amount of CO2 released by calcite dissolution during this process is equivalent to 2.1–14.3 % of total annual CO2 emissions at Venetia., thus resulting in a net estimated CO2 offset potential of 2.1–9.6 % if the Ca released from calcite could not be recarbonated. If all of the Ca could be reprecipitated as calcite, the acid leaching techniques employed in this study could offset 4.2–23.9 % of the Venetia mine's CO2 emissions. Ultimately, greater concentrations and/or amounts of acid may be used to access more of the offset potential of Mg phyllosilicates in kimberlite, but the CO2 released by calcite dissolution must also be won back by recarbonation. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. his is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/
4.0/).
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Corrigendum to “The impact of fire on the geochemistry of speleothem-forming drip water in a sub-alpine cave” [Sci. Total Environ. (2018) 408–420]
(Elsevier, 2019-06-10) Coleborn, K; Baker, AA; Treble, PC; Andersen, MS; Baker, AC; Tadros, CV; Tozer, MG; Fairchild, IJ; Spate, A; Meehan, S
The authors regret that, while revisiting the data of the paper: “The impact of fire on the geochemistry of speleothem-forming drip water in a sub-alpine cave” by Coleborn et al. (2018) for further analysis, a serious error in the experimental procedure was discovered. A critical assessment revealed that some of the conclusions and wider implications of the paper are invalidated by the error. We have consulted with the editors of Science of the Total Environment and based on their advice, decided to publish this corrigendum explaining the limitations to the interpretation of the data. We also point out that a significant part of the paper and its data can still be used. The stable water isotope data (δ 18 O and δ 2 H) and trace element (B, Cu, Fe, Na, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn, Si) data for the 5th July 2015 sampling event are unreliable. While acid-washed HDPE bottles were used to collect the drip water samples (as stated in the Methods section), the samples were subsequently split into aliquots in the lab. Polypropylene vials were routinely used for cation, anion and water isotope analysis, with the exception of samples collected on 5th July 2015. On this occasion, aliquots were erroneously transferred into non-standard labware consisting of glass-walled containers with ill-fitting polypropylene lids. This was only realised when the aliquots were removed from storage after the manuscript had been published. The lids allowed evaporation from the containers and as the samples were analysed one year after collection, we cannot quantify how much evaporation may have occurred. Therefore, the stable water isotope data (δ 18 O and δ 2 H) for the 5th July 2015 sampling event are unreliable and should be disregarded. Analytical blanks conducted on the glass containers have revealed that the containers likely contributed significant contamination to the following cations: B, Cu, Fe, Na, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn, Si; for all samples collected on 5th July 2015. Thus, the B, Cu, Fe, Na, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn, Si concentration data for the sampling date 5th July 2015 are unreliable and should be disregarded. The glass containers did not contaminate samples for Ca, Mg or Sr, therefore we believe that the data for Ca, Mg and Sr are reliable for 5th July 2015 sampling event. The data from the 5th July 2015 sampling event informed a major part of the interpretation and conclusions, thus we draw the reader's attention to the following changes. (1) In the published manuscript we hypothesised that the higher δ 18 O and δ 2 H values were due to partial evaporation of soil water due to heating of the soil by the prescribed fire. However, due to the potential evaporation of the samples occurring in the vials before analysis we now state there is no evidence for the impact of a low-intensity prescribed fire on cave drip water δ 18 O and δ 2 H at this site.(2) It was hypothesised that the significantly higher concentration of B, Si, Fe, Pb and Na was due to the influx of ash into the karst system and cave drip water. This was interpreted as evidence for an impact of a prescribed fire on cave drip water geochemistry. However, as the increased concentration of these elements was likely from contamination, we now state that there is no evidence for the impact of a low-intensity prescribed fire on these elements in the cave drip water at this site.The samples collected on all other dates were stored as per the standard protocols outlined in the Methods and we are thus confident that the remainder of the dataset is reliable. The samples from other dates after the fire does not show any evidence for impact of the prescribed fire on drip water isotope and trace element geochemistry, further supporting the suspicion of procedural error with the 5th July 2015 data. The paper should be used as a record of the low-intensity prescribed fire experiment above South Glory Cave. The hydroclimate data, including the soil moisture, integrated discharge, precipitation and drip water stable water isotopes (with the exception of the 5th July 2015 sampling event) can all be used with confidence to characterise this cave site. The major bedrock-derived element (Ca, Mg and Sr) data and the interpretation regarding the drip water geochemical evolution processes including prior calcite precipitation also remain valid. The trace elemental concentration data for all other sampling dates remains valid.’ On behalf of the authors, Katie Coleborn © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
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Long-range transport of Xe-133 emissions under convective and non-convective conditions
(Elsevier, 2017-09) Kuśmierczyk-Michulec, J; Krysta, M; Kalinowski, M; Hoffmann, EL; Baré, J
To investigate the transport of xenon emissions, the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) operates an Atmospheric Transport Modelling (ATM) system based on the Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model FLEXPART. The air mass trajectory ideally provides a “link” between a radionuclide release and a detection confirmed by radionuclide measurements. This paper investigates the long-range transport of Xe-133 emissions under convective and non-convective conditions, with special emphasis on evaluating the changes in the simulated activity concentration values due to the inclusion of the convective transport in the ATM simulations. For that purpose a series of 14 day forward simulations, with and without convective transport, released daily in the period from 1 January 2011 to 30 June 2013, were analysed. The release point was at the ANSTO facility in Australia. The simulated activity concentrations for the period January 2011 to February 2012 were calculated using the daily emission values provided by the ANSTO facility; outside the aforementioned period, the median daily emission value was used. In the simulations the analysed meteorological input data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were used with the spatial resolution of 0.5°. It was found that the long-range transport of Xe-133 emissions under convective conditions, where convection was included in the ATM simulation, led to a small decrease in the activity concentration, as compared to transport without convection. In special cases related to deep convection, the opposite effect was observed. Availability of both daily emission values and measured Xe-133 activity concentration values was an opportunity to validate the simulations. Based on the paired t-test, a 95% confidence interval for the true mean difference between simulations without convective transport and measurements was constructed. It was estimated that the overall uncertainty lies between 0.08 and 0.25 mBq/m3. The uncertainty for the simulations with the convective transport included is slighted shifted to the lower values and is in the range between 0.06 and 0.20 mBq/m3. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Reactivity–activity relationships of oral anti-diabetic vanadium complexes in gastrointestinal media: an X-ray absorption spectroscopic study†
(Oxford University Press, 2014-07-28) Levina, A; McLeod, AI; Kremer, LE; Aitken, JB; Glover, CJ; Johannessen, B; Lay, PA
The reactions of oral V(v/iv) anti-diabetic drugs within the gastrointestinal environment (particularly in the presence of food) are a crucial factor that affects their biological activities, but to date these have been poorly understood. In order to build up reactivity–activity relationships, the first detailed study of the reactivities of typical V-based anti-diabetics, Na3VVO4 (A), [VIVO(OH2)5](SO4) (B), [VIVO(ma)2] (C, ma = maltolato(−)) and (NH4)[VV(O)2(dipic)] (D, dipic = pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylato(2−)) with simulated gastrointestinal (GI) media in the presence or absence of food components has been performed by the use of XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectroscopy. Changes in speciation under conditions that simulate interactions in the GI tract have been discerned using correlations of XANES parameters that were based on a library of model V(v), V(iv), and V(iii) complexes for preliminary assessment of the oxidation states and coordination numbers. More detailed speciation analyses were performed using multiple linear regression fits of XANES from the model complexes to XANES obtained from the reaction products from interactions with the GI media. Compounds B and D were relatively stable in the gastric environment (pH ∼ 2) in the absence of food, while C was mostly dissociated, and A was converted to [V10O28]6−. Sequential gastric and intestinal digestion in the absence of food converted A, B and D to poorly absorbed tetrahedral vanadates, while C formed five- or six-coordinate V(v) species where the maltolato ligands were likely to be partially retained. XANES obtained from gastric digestion of A–D in the presence of typical food components converged to that of a mixture of V(iv)–aqua, V(iv)–amino acid and V(iii)–aqua complexes. Subsequent intestinal digestion led predominantly to V(iv) complexes that were assigned as citrato or complexes with 2-hydroxyacidato donor groups from other organic compounds, including certain carbohydrates. The absence of strong reductants (such as ascorbate) in the food increased the V(v) component in gastrointestinal digestion products. These results can be used to predict the oral bioavailability of various types of V(v/iv) anti-diabetics, and the effects of taking such drugs with food. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.