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ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 8.3. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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    A rationale for the influence of grain size on failure of magnesium alloy AZ31: an in situ X-ray microtomography study
    (Elsevier, 2020-11) Azghandi, SHM; Weiss, M; Arhatari, BD; Adrien, J; Maire, E; Barnett, MR
    The present study employs in situ X-ray microtomography to characterize the impact of grain size on void nucleation, growth and linkage during tensile loading of magnesium alloy AZ31. It was found that the tensile strain to failure increased almost threefold when the grain size was reduced from 60 to 3 μm. Grain refinement led to reduced twin formation and reduced void growth rates but did not impact markedly on the relationship between strain and the detected void number density. Because the finer grained samples experienced higher strains to failure, greater void number densities were thus detected at failure in these samples. The void volume fraction at failure remained constant despite changing grain size, within error. Final failure occurs via a shear localization and there appears to be a role of void formation in triggering the final shear instability. We thus favour ascribing failure to a void-sheeting type mechanism. Failure is seen to follow rapidly after a critical void volume fraction is attained and this is broadly consistent with predictions made via the application of a simple McClintock model. The higher strains to failure in the present fine-grained samples are thus ascribed chiefly to the lower rates of void growth. The suppression of void growth by grain refinement seen here may explain why finer grain magnesium alloys often display higher tensile ductility. © 2020 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory gallium–defensin surface coatings for implantable devices
    (American Chemical Society, 2022-02-08) Divakarla, SK; Das, T; Chatterjee, C; Ionescu, M; Pastuovic, Z; Jang, JH; Al-khoury, H; Loppnow, H; Yamaguchi, S; Groth, T; Chrzanowski, W
    Emerging and re-emerging infections are a global threat driven by the development of antimicrobial resistance due to overuse of antimicrobial agents and poor infection control practices. Implantable devices are particularly susceptible to such infections due to the formation of microbial biofilms. Furthermore, the introduction of implants into the body often results in inflammation and foreign body reactions. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of gallium (Ga) have been recognized but not yet utilized effectively to improve implantable device integration. Furthermore, defensin (De, hBD-1) has potent antimicrobial activity in vivo as part of the innate immune system; however, this has not been demonstrated as successfully when used in vitro. Here, we combined Ga and De to impart antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory properties to polymer-based implantable devices. We fabricated polylactic acid films, which were modified using Ga implantation and subsequently functionalized with De. Ga-ion implantation increased surface roughness and increased stiffness. Ga implantation and defensin immobilization both independently and synergistically introduced antimicrobial activity to the surfaces, significantly reducing total live bacterial biomass. We demonstrated, for the first time, that the antimicrobial effects of De were unlocked by its surface immobilization. Ga implantation of the surface also resulted in reduced foreign body giant cell formation and expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Cumulatively, the treated surfaces were able to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation in comparison to the untreated control. These innovative surfaces have the potential to prevent biofilm formation without inducing cellular toxicity or inflammation, which is highly desired for implantable device integration. © 2022 American Chemical Society.
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    Structural distortion in the wadsley‐roth niobium molybdenum oxide phase triggering extraordinarily stable battery performance
    (Wiley, 2024-02-26) Wu, ZB; Liang, GM; Pang, WK; Zou, JS; Zhang, WC; Chen, LB; Ji, XB; Didier, C; Peterson, VK; Segre, CU; Johannessen, B; Guo, ZP
    Wadsley‐Roth niobium oxide phases have attracted extensive research interest recently as promising battery anodes. We have synthesized the niobium‐molybdenum oxide shear phase (Nb, Mo)13O33 with superior electrochemical Li‐ion storage performance, including an ultralong cycling lifespan of at least 15000 cycles. During electrochemical cycling, a reversible single‐phase solid‐solution reaction with lithiated intermediate solid solutions is demonstrated using in situ X‐ray diffraction, with the valence and short‐range structural changes of the electrode probed by in situ Nb and Mo K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. This work reveals that the superior stability of niobium molybdenum oxides is underpinned by changes in octahedral distortion during electrochemical reactions, and we report an in‐depth understanding of how this stabilizes the oxide structure during cycling with implications for future long‐life battery material design. © 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Open Access CC-BY-NC 4.0
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    Correction: The Sc2WxMo3−xO12 series as electrodes in alkali-ion batteries
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025-01-30) Liu, JN; Johannessen, B; Brand, HEA; Andersen, HL; Sharma, N
    Correction for ‘The Sc2WxMo3−xO12 series as electrodes in alkali-ion batteries' by Junnan Liu et al., CrystEngComm, 2021, 23, 3880–3891, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CE00318F. The authors regret that the author affiliation b is incorrect in the published article. The correct affiliation should be “Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia”, as shown in this Correction article. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2025
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    Modification of the Langendorff system of the isolated beating heart for experimental radiotherapy at a synchrotron: 4000 Gy in a heart beat
    (International Union of Crystallography, 2022-07-01) Schültke, E; Lerch, MLF; Kirschstein, T; Lange, F; Porath, K; Fiedler, S; Davis, J; Paino, JR; Engels, E; Barnes, M; Klein, M; Hall, CJ; Häusermann, D; Hildebrandt, G
    Microbeam radiotherapy could help to cure malignant tumours which are currently still considered therapy-resistant. With an irradiation target in the thoracic cavity, the heart would be one of the most important organs at risk. To assess the acute adverse effects of microbeam irradiation in the heart, a powerful ex vivo tool was created by combining the Langendorff model of the isolated beating mammalian heart with X-Tream dosimetry. In a first pilot experiment conducted at the Biomedical and Imaging Beamline of the Australian Synchrotron, the system was tested at a microbeam peak dose approximately ten times higher than the anticipated future microbeam irradiation treatment doses. The entire heart was irradiated with a dose of 4000 Gy at a dose rate of >6000 Gy s−1, using an array of 50 µm-wide microbeams spaced at a centre-to-centre distance of 400 µm. Although temporary arrhythmias were seen, they reverted spontaneously to a stable rhythm and no cardiac arrest occurred. This amazing preservation of cardiac function is promising for future therapeutic approaches. © International Union of Crystallography.