ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Communities in ANSTO Publications Online

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Recent Submissions

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New knowledge of Holocene hydroclimate and freshwater availability at Murujuga
(Australian Archaeological Association, 2024-12-03) Mather, C; Tucker, M; Leopold, M; Levchenko, VA; Skrzypek, G; O'Leary, M; McDonald, J
Extensive rock art engravings and archaeological evidence of human occupation are documented around waterholes at Murujuga, highlighting their cultural significance and importance as sources of freshwater. Frequently, these waterholes have thick deposits of tufa (carbonate): evidence of the past environment and climatic conditions under which the carbonate precipitated. Here we discuss how we have refined our knowledge of the hydrology and water permanence of the waterholes at Murujuga using tufa as geo-archives of environmental and hydroclimatic change over time. Rainfall, surface water levels and geochemistry demonstrate that some waterholes are long-lasting (semi-permanent) and fed by perched seepage after large recharge events: other ephemeral waterholes evaporate quickly after rainfall events. Semi-permanent waterholes on Murujuga’s islands would be important for supporting humans as well as plant and animal life. The formation of tufa is dependent on moderate to large rainfall events that recharge the landscape and can generate significant surface water flows and allow for precipitation of calcium carbonate. Radiocarbon ages of Murujuga tufas range from 0.5 to 9.7 cal ka BP and constrain tufa formation to the Holocene. The initiation of tufa formation in the early- to mid-Holocene coincides with changing hydroclimatic conditions, following sea level rise and formation of the archipelago since the Last Glacial Maximum. Further insights from stable isotope and geochemical data from tufa will enhance our knowledge of hydroclimatic variability throughout the Holocene. This tufa palaeoenvironmental proxy record allows us to understand at what times during the Holocene water resources were abundant or sparse, meaning we can better contextualise the archaeological record at Murujuga. © The Authors
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From phase separation to food science
(Institut Laue Langevin, 2024-07-19) Gilbert, EP
Experimental scattering methods, primarily X-ray and neutron, can reveal insight into the structure and dynamics of condensed matter systems, an area in which Professor John White made an enormous contribution over more than five decades. Through his mentoring, guidance and friendship, he helped launch the careers of countless international scientists over multiple (both academic and actual) generations. In the context of (mostly) small-angle scattering, I will offer here my personal reflections on John’s contributions to my own career trajectory which began as his PhD student more than (and quite astonishingly) 30 years ago.
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Impact of the freshwater reservoir effect on the radiocarbon dating of shells from the lower and Central Murray River
(Australian Archaeological Association, 2024-12-03) Stringer, C; Prendergast, A; Garvey, J; May, JH; Lvchenko, VA
Since the 1950s, archaeological research conducted along the lower and central Murray River, on Ngintait, Latji Latji, Barkandji, Yorta Yorta, and Ngaiawang Countries, has relied on radiocarbon dating of freshwater mollusc shell to help confirm the chronology of human occupation in this region as well as support larger models of human occupation timing in Australia. The popularity of freshwater mollusc shell for radiocarbon dating in this region is partially due to the prevalence of shell in a variety of Aboriginal cultural sites. However, radiocarbon dating of freshwater organisms, such as molluscs, is complex as the carbon reservoir of the water bodies in which they live may differ from atmospheric values. Therefore, radiocarbon dates which do not consider this freshwater reservoir effect may be inaccurate. While Gillespie and colleagues (2009) investigated the freshwater reservoir effect in the Murray-Darling Basin around Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area, the effect present in the Murray River has yet to be explored. Therefore, this research analysed historically live-collected freshwater mussel samples collected from Ngintait, Latji Latji, Barkandji, Yorta Yorta, and Ngaiawang Countries, near Mildura (VIC), Echuca (VIC), and Morgan (SA), to establish a freshwater reservoir effect for the lower and central Murray River. We also dated modern water and freshwater shell samples from across this region to better understand the source of this offset. The calculated average offset of approximately 136-56 years will have an impact on chronologically recent sites and improve overall precision. These results will help us improve chronologies in the region and better understand the important relationship between people, molluscs, and Country. © The Authors
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Untitled
(BHRA Fluid Engineering, 1983-04-19) Dalton, AW
A computer program, NAIADQ, has been developed to simulate the dynamic response of water, in a one—dimensional flow path, to rapid changes in the axial distribution of the power input to the channel. The dynamic behaviour of the coolant is described, in the single—phase state, in terms of three equations representing the conservation of its mass, momentum and energy. For the two—phase state a fourth equation, representing the conservation of the vapour mass is introduced in which the vapour is generated at a nonequilibrium rate; to compensate for this, the liquid phase is allowed to superheat. It is further assumed that the vapour is always in a saturated state, that the two phases have the same axial velocity and that the pressure at each axial location is the same for both phases. To describe the redistribution of the heat, injected into the flow path, between the heat source and the coolant fluid, a simple pipe model and a range of heat transfer options are available in the code together with equations of state for both the liquid and two—phase state. The code has been used to simulate published data on two different types of experiments, one relating to the expulsion of water from a rapidly heated channel and the other to reactivity induced power transients in an experimental water—cooled nuclear reactor.
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Applications of accelerator mass spectrometry in nuclear verification
(Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, 2012-07-01) Hotchkis, MAC; Child, DP; Wilcken, K
The reduction and eventual elimination of nuclear threats to global peace and security remains a high priority for governments around the world. The approach towards this goal involves multiple paths, including through existing treaties, such as the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), through bringing into force treaties and agreements such as the Additional Protocol and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and through the negotiation and enactment of new arms reduction measures and treaties such as the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty. The long-lived actinides radioisotopes of interest are usually the most abundant species of that mass and radiochemical separation is sufficient to remove atomic isobars if they are present. The key advantage of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), compared to other forms of mass spectrometry, is its exceptional abundance sensitivity.