Non-equilibrium structural evolution of the lithium-rich Li1+yMn2O4 cathode within a battery
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Date
2013-03-12
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Publisher
American Chemical Society.
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are undergoing rapid development to meet the energy demands of the transportation and renewable energy-generation sectors. The capacity of a lithium-ion battery is dependent on the amount of lithium that can be reversibly incorporated into the cathode. This work directly quantifies the time- and current-dependent lithium transfer within a cathode functioning under conventional charge?discharge cycling. We examine Li1+yMn2O4 under real working conditions using in situ neutron powder diffraction and link the atomic-scale structure to the battery performance. The lithium location and content, oxygen positional parameter, and lattice parameter of the cathode are measured and linked to the battery?s charge/discharge characteristics. Lithium insertion (discharge) differs from extraction (charge), a feature that may explain the relative ease of discharge (compared with charge) of this material. An atomic-scale understanding of cathode functionality, such as revealed here, will direct improvements in battery performance at both the practical and the fundamental level. © 2013, American Chemical Society.
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Keywords
Diffractometers, Lithium, Cathodes, Manganese, Neutrons, Powders
Citation
Sharma, N., Yu, D., Zhu, Y., Wu, Y., & Peterson, V. K. (2013). Non-equilibrium structural evolution of the lithium-rich Li1+yMn2O4 cathode within a battery. Chemistry of Materials, 25 (5), 754-760. doi:10.1021/cm303851w