Preparation of Li(1.03)Mn(1.97)O(4) and Li(1.06)Mn(1.94)O(4) by the polymer precursor method and x-ray, neutron diffraction and electrochemical studies
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Date
2011-01-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
The Electrochemical Society
Abstract
The compounds, Li(1.03)Mn(1.97)O(4) and Li(1.06)Mn(1.94)O(4) were prepared by the polymer precursor method followed by heat treatment at 650 degrees C for 6 hours in air. X-ray and neutron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and density determination techniques were used to characterise the compounds. The lattice parameters obtained using neutron diffraction data of Li(1.03)Mn(1.97)O(4) and Li(1.06)Mn(1.94)O(4) are smaller than the parent LiMn(2)O(4) at a = 8.20717(17) and 8.22899(13) A degrees, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry studies were carried out in the potential range of 3.5-4.4V at scan rate of 0.058 mV/sec. Li-doped LiMn(2)O(4) showed the main cathodic and anodic redox peaks at similar to 3.9/4.0 and similar to 4.1/4.15V, respectively. The reversible charge capacities of Li(1.03)Mn(1.97)O(4) with an applied current rate of 360 mA g(-1) at the end of 2(nd) and 230(th) cycle are 88 and 83 (+/- 3) mAh g(-1), respectively. At a current rate of 600 mA g(-1) these charge capacities are 67 and 61 (+/- 3) mAh g(-1), respectively. Li(1.06)Mn(1.94)O(4) shows a capacity of 64 and 62 (+/- 3) mAh g(-1) at the end of 2(nd) and 100(th) cycles, respectively, at a current rate of 360 mA g(-1). (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society.
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Keywords
Neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, Precursor, Lithium ions, Inorganic compounds, Lattice parameters
Citation
Reddy, M. V., Raju, M. J. S., Sharma, N., Quan, P.Y., Nowshad, S.H., Emmanuel, H. E. C., Peterson, V. K., Chowdari, B. V. R. (2011). Preparation of Li(1.03)Mn(1.97)O(4) and Li(1.06)Mn(1.94)O(4) by the polymer precursor method and x-ray, neutron diffraction and electrochemical studies. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 158(11), A1231-A1236. doi:10.1149/2.074111jes