Annual Report 2009-2010 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation www.ansto.gov.au Australian Nuclear Science and T echnology Organisation Annual Report 2009 -2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 ii a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Chairman?s Letter 24 September 2010 Senator the Hon Kim Carr Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2601 Dear Minister In accordance with Section 9 of the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 (CAC Act), I am pleased to present the Annual Report of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) for the period 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010. This Annual Report includes a Report of Research and Operations, the content and preparation of which the Board is responsible for under Section 9 of the CAC Act. Yours sincerely Dr Ziggy Switkowski Chairman Contents ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 iii Chairman?s Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii About ANSTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Members of the Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ANSTO Top Management Team .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Chairman?s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Chief Executive Officer?s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2009-2010 highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2009-2010 report of activities (Report of research and operations) . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Performance against strategic objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Financial statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Governance and performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Appendix 1 - Equality of Employment Opportunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Appendix 2 - Functions and powers of the Organisation under the ANSTO Act 106 Appendix 3 - Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, (EPBC Act) section 516A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Appendix 4 - Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) Act 1991, section 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Appendix 5 - Freedom of Information Act 1982, subsection 8(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Appendix 6 - Index of compliance with reporting guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Contact details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 1 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation About ANSTO ANSTO is Australia?s national nuclear science and technology organisation and represents a concentration of Australia?s best nuclear science capabilities. It is part of the Australian Government portfolio of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research. ANSTO provides policy advice to the Australian Government in relation to all matters within the ambit of nuclear science and technology. In addition, ANSTO maintains critical capabilities to support government in undertaking its regional and international role and obligations in relation to nuclear science and technology. Research and innovation are central to ANSTO?s mission and mandate. Key outcomes include: research publications; the securing of intellectual property; training of research students; software development; engineering designs and demonstrators and engineering services; pilot plants and industrial consultancy for clients. We also license technology that arises from our innovation activities. ANSTO provides local and global partners with access to its research and innovation infrastructure to leverage their own research and innovation activities. This collaboration considerably expands the opportunity for the development of locally and globally significant research that will benefit all. ANSTO manufactures products and provides specialised services for customers. These commercial activities draw on ANSTO?s scientists and engineers to develop new products and manufacturing approaches and enhance product quality. Our businesses are focussed on the health of Australians, particularly in the application of radioisotopes for imaging and therapy; the application of mineral processing for naturally occurring radioactive materials; safe treatment and disposition of nuclear waste; and specialised irradiation services. ANSTO is the custodian of landmark infrastructure deployed in the national interest. ANSTO operates Australia?s OPAL multipurpose research reactor. Research reactors are essentially ?neutron factories?. The neutrons are used for scientific research, the production of radioisotopes used in medicine, activating targets (such as mineral samples for research) and modifying the conductivity of single crystal silicon used for microelectonics. Complementing the OPAL reactor are particle accelerators which are part of the essential toolkit used for precisely dating geological samples, studying the history of climate variability, and materials research, among other applications. ANSTO is a leader in pilot plant design, operation and management for the mining industry. These plants are a significant factor in transferring laboratory results to industry and providing industry with greater confidence prior to full-scale plant development. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 2 ANSTO?s main campus is located 40 km south west of Sydney?s central business district, occupies 70 hectares and is surrounded by a 1.6 km buffer zone. The organisation?s functions are prescribed by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Act 1987 (ANSTO Act) and are translated into action through its strategic and annual planning process. ANSTO?s vision To be recognised as an international centre of excellence in nuclear science and technology for the benefit of Australia. ANSTO?s mission ? Support the development and implementation of government policies and initiatives in nuclear and related areas, domestically and internationally ? Operate nuclear science and technology based facilities, for the benefit of industry and the Australian and international research community ? Undertake research that will advance the application of nuclear science and technology ? Apply nuclear science, techniques and expertise to address Australia?s environmental challenges and increase the competitiveness of Australian industry ? Manufacture and advance the use of radiopharmaceuticals which will improve the health of Australians. ANSTO?s strategic directions 2005-2010 ANSTO?s strategic directions form the basis for the organisation?s research and operations: ? Deliver excellence in nuclear science and technology ? Focus our capabilities to support issues of national importance ? Maximise return on investment in expertise and specialised facilities ? Promote understanding of the benefits of nuclear science and technology. Responsible Minister Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Senator the Hon. Kim Carr. Statement of compliance This report is written with reference to the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies (Report of Operations) Orders 2005. 3 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Members of the Board Dr Ziggy (Zygmunt) Switkowski (Chair) BSc (Hons), PhD, FAICD Company Director, former Chief Executive, Scientist Chair 1 March 2007 - 31 December 2010 Appointed 1 January 2006 Term concludes 31 December 2010 Professor David Copolov MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRANZCP, MPM, DPM Pro Vice-Chancellor, Office of the Vice Chancellor and Professor of Psychiatry, Monash University Appointed 1 May 2008 Term concludes 30 April 2012 Professor Paul Greenfield AO BE(Hons), B.Econ, PhD, FTSE, FIEAust, FIChE, FAICD, CPEng, CEng, CSci Vice-Chancellor University of Queensland, Academic, Engineer Appointed 25 July 2007 Reappointed 25 July 2010 Term concludes 24 July 2014 Professor John Hearn BSc, MSc, PhD Deputy Vice-Chancellor (International) and Professor of Physiology University of Sydney Appointed 1 May 2008 Term concludes 30 April 2012 Ms Christine McLoughlin BA, LLB(Hons) Company Director, former Financial Services Executive, Lawyer and Businesswoman Appointed 13 March 2009 Term concludes 12 March 2013 Ms Erica Smyth MSc, FAICD Scientist and Businesswoman Appointed 12 December 2008 Term concludes 11 December 2012 Mr Bill (William) Scales AO BEc, FIPPA, FAICD Company Director, former Senior Public Servant and Chief Executive, Economist Appointed 1 July 2007 Term concluded 30 June 2010 Professor Andrew Scott MBBS (Hons), MD, FRACP, DDU Director, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuclear Medicine Physician, Scientist, Academic Appointed 26 September 2007 Term concludes 25 September 2011 Dr Adi (Adrian) Paterson BSc, PhD Chief Executive Officer Appointed 1 March 2009 Term concludes 28 February 2014 Dr Susan Pond AM MBBS (Hons), MD, DSc, FTSE, FRACP Adjunct Professor, University of Sydney, medicine, science, business Appointed 1 July 2010 Term concludes 30 June 2014 ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 4 Pictured from left to right, Professor John Hearn, Professor David Copolov, Ms Christine McLoughlin, Dr Ziggy (Zygmunt) Switkowski, Professor Paul Greenfield, Dr Adi (Adrian) Paterson, Ms Erica Smyth, Mr Bill (William) Scales and Professor Andrew Scott. Not present Dr Susan Pond 5 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation ANSTO Top Management Team Dr Adi Paterson Chief Executive Officer Mr Peter Arambatzis Chief Financial Officer (part year from 3 May 2010) Mr Geoffrey D Askew AM Chief Security Officer (part year) Professor Richard Banati Distinguished Researcher Fellow and ANSTO LifeSciences Mr Michael Beckett Chief Information Officer Dr Ron Cameron Executive General Manager, Strategy, Government and International Relations (part year) Ms Stephanie Cole Legal Counsel Mr Doug Cubbin Executive General Manager for Business and Enterprise and the Chief Financial Officer (part year to 2 May 2010) Dr Paul Di Pietro Manager, Campus Services (part year) Professor John Dodson Head, Institute for Environmental Research Professor Lyndon Edwards Head, Institute of Materials Engineering Ms Margaret Fittler Manager, Human Resources Dr Marie-Claude Gregoire ANSTO LifeSciences Dr Ivan Greguric ANSTO LifeSciences Mr Hefin Griffiths Manager, Quality Safety Environment and Radiation Protection Mr Andrew Humpherson General Manager, Government and Public Affairs Dr Ron Hutchings Acting Executive General Manager, Strategy, Government and International Relations Mr Shaun Jenkinson General Manager, ANSTO Health (part year) Mr Patrick Jones Manager, Finance and Procurement Ms Tanya Karma Manager, Silicon Irradiation Mr Con Lyras General Manager, Engineering and Capital Programs (previously Engineering and Technical Services) Amelia McArdle General Manager Human Resources (part year) ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 6 Mr Barry Munns Chief Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Dr Bob Ring General Manager, ANSTO Minerals Dr Robert Robinson Head, The Bragg Institute Ms Rosanne Robinson General Manager, Business Development Dr Greg Storr General Manager, Nuclear Operations (previously Reactor Operations) Dr Ron Weiner ANSTO LifeSciences Back row, left to right, Professor Richard Banati, Hefin Griffiths, Dr Paul Di Pietro, Professor Lyndon Edwards, Con Lyras, Peter Arambatzis, Barry Munns,, Michael Beckett, Dr Ron Weiner, Geoffrey D Askew AM, Dr Ivan Greguric, Margaret Fittler. Front row, left to right, Professor John Dodson, Dr Ron Hutchings, Dr Robert Robinson, Dr Greg Storr, Dr Adi Paterson, Dr Marie-Claude Gregoire, Stephanie Cole, Patrick Jones and Rosanne Robinson. Not present Dr Ron Cameron, Doug Cubbin, Andrew Humpherson, Tanya Karma, Dr Bob Ring, Shaun Jenkinson, Amelia McArdle. 7 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Welcome to ANSTO?s Annual Report for 2009-2010. This year has seen good progress across a number of areas, none more important than the strengthening of the leadership team and the lifting of our expectations as a result. It is our goal to be a valued national institute where our people are motivated, ambitious and highly respected and help our organisation to achieve a world class reputation. The environment is now set for this. Government support for ANSTO has been strong, reflecting the confidence the Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Senator the Hon. Kim Carr, and the Government in general, places in the organisation and how we go about delivering our mission. The quality of ANSTO?s submissions has won increased support from Government. Molybdenum (Mo-99) is the most important reactor produced radioisotope for medicine globally and in Australia. Our Mo-99 plant has been in full production for most of the year ? a success story for the organisation. Despite some initial production difficulties, the organisation is now powering ahead and expects to expand its critical exports of Mo-99 production in coming years. ANSTO has made commendable progress in becoming more outward looking. This is evident by the key new agreements signed and strategic partnerships formed over the past year. These are vital for ANSTO?s future and will set the organisation up for achieving major and important research outcomes. Australia will see an increase in the demand for nuclear-capable people in the next five years and in turn an increased need for training in nuclear engineering and nuclear chemistry. Therefore partnerships with universities will be increasingly important for ANSTO. We are already working with a number of universities to include nuclear science as part of their existing graduate and undergraduate programs. OPAL?s 265 operating days over 2009- 2010 is a landmark achievement, putting it into the top three most reliable research reactors globally. I would like to congratulate everyone involved in accomplishing this exceptional result, especially given the predictable range of technical challenges that a state-of-the-art facility confronts its operators. World leading performance metrics are now in place for the year ahead. ANSTO continues to provide valued policy advice to government across a range of issues and has key national facilities and Chairman?s Report ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 8 expertise that underpin Australia?s role in nuclear non-proliferation. ANSTO is a key national strategic resource which is becoming more important as the use of nuclear power increases globally and uranium is distributed to more facilities in the Asia-Pacific region. I would like to commend Dr Paterson and ANSTO?s people for their outstanding achievements this year and thank them for their continuing hard work. Dr Paterson?s leadership has seen ANSTO become a more efficient, modern and results orientated organisation with growing expectations and confidence in itself. I would also like to thank my fellow Board members for their commitment and enthusiasm over the past 12 months and for their thoughtful engagement with the various specialised issues that are a feature of any nuclear facility. In working with management and at Board meetings, we always finish intellectually stimulated and often exhausted. It is a pleasure to work alongside such a dedicated group of professionals. We look forward to the coming year and to continuing our mandate of undertaking important research for the benefit of all Australians. Dr Zygmunt (Ziggy) Switkowski Chairman 9 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Chief Executive Officer?s Report This year has seen ANSTO developing and delivering on solid plans and implementing changes that are resulting in meaningful and measurable outcomes. ANSTO is a more pragmatic, effective, delivery-orientated organisation responding to the needs of a fast changing world at the end of this fiscal period. As our team moves forward in the same cohesive direction we reflect that we are indeed ?One ANSTO?. This year we have focused on getting staff and divisions to work more effectively together in order to achieve better outcomes. ?One ANSTO? is important because the work that we do is inherently multi-dimensional ? but ultimately all about nuclear science and technology for Australia. As we mobilise the power of the greater ANSTO we will deliver on our true mandate and a sustainable way of doing business. In the areas of research and innovation we have made changes and put plans in place to ensure ANSTO?s research now focuses on ?the big questions?; that we conduct research in an organised and structured manner; and that we can more effectively identify and measure our research outcomes and innovation. Another major focus of planning and change this year has been in business and enterprise. For business development to be sustainable, it must be focused. In 2009-2010 this has been my aim; ensuring that ANSTO business functions are operating with a team approach and all relevant divisions working together to drive for success. The modern world of science and technology is a collaborative partnership game. This year alone we have established new formal partnerships with the Australian National University; Curtin University of Technology; University of Sydney and re-opened discussions with the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, CERN, home of the world?s largest physics project the Large Hadron Collider. We have renewed and re- vitalised long established collaboration with the French Atomic Energy Commission and the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. This adds to our already existing complementary relationships with key organisations such as the Australian Synchrotron where there is a natural crossover in our science. Another exciting development is ANSTO?s Centre for Accelerator Science. Officially developing over the next four years, the Centre will see two new accelerators built, placing ANSTO at the forefront of this cutting edge technology. Accelerators ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 10 are crucial pieces of equipment used to identify elements at the atomic level and among other things, to radiocarbon date historical artefacts. ANSTO also had a fantastic breakthrough in the US with an ANSTO developed Hot Isostatic Pressing technology, used to produce Synroc ? , which the US Department of Energy selected as their preferred technology for treating high- level wastes known as the Idaho Calcines. In this respect in March I was in Washington attending the Nuclear Security Summit where the securing of vulnerable nuclear materials around the globe was endorsed, an endorsement ANSTO strongly supports. ANSTO is extremely proud of the numerous achievements made by staff throughout the year including: Professor John Dodson for winning a major educational publishing award; Dr Andrew Smith for being nominated for a Eureka Prizes People?s Choice Awards; Dr Guan Heng Yeoh for being awarded the prestigious Brennan Medal by the UK?s Institute of Chemical Engineers and Professor John Boldeman?s ATSE Clunies Ross Lifetime Contribution Award. The public acknowledgement of these achievements not only assists in underpinning the reputation of ANSTO but is testimony to the high calibre of our staff. Celebrating our success spurs us on to achieve even more, not just for ourselves but as a tribute to our national contribution within the Australian science and technology landscape. I would like to thank all ANSTO staff for their continued dedication and hard work over the past year as we set ourselves up for exciting times ahead. In particular, I would like to acknowledge our employees continuing commitment and belief in implementing best practice safety standards at ANSTO. A number of improvements in incident reporting, closing-out of investigations and better tracking of actions are evidence of our staff?s appreciation of the importance of a strong safety culture which above all else never takes a back seat. Finally I would like to recognise the ANSTO Board for their committed support, good governance and promotion of the role and mandate of ANSTO. Dr Adrian (Adi) Paterson Chief Executive Officer 11 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 2009-2010 highlights Centre for Accelerator Science In May 2009, ANSTO was allocated $25 million of new Federal Government project funding for a Centre for Accelerator Science at ANSTO. Accelerators are used to analyse materials ? often using extremely small samples ? to determine their elemental composition and age. For example, accelerators can be used to measure the amount of carbon pollution in the air and to date historical artefacts. ANSTO will develop the Centre over the next four years. When complete, the state-of-the-art facilities will feature two new accelerators ? a low energy multi-isotope accelerator mass spectrometer and a new medium-energy tandem accelerator. These join ANSTO?s existing two accelerators, the Australian National Tandem Accelerator for Applied Research (ANTARES) and the Small Tandem Accelerator for Applied Research (STAR), both of which are used in ion beam analysis and accelerator mass spectrometry. The Centre will act as a magnet for Australian and overseas scientists from nearly every scientific field, working in areas such as radiocarbon dating, and environmental studies. Neutron Beam Expansion Project In May 2009, ANSTO was allocated $37 million of new Federal Government project funding for new guides and instrumentation at OPAL. The Neutron Beam Expansion Project is well underway, following extensive stakeholder consultation that began in August with a two-day scoping workshop involving 80 national and international researchers made up of existing ANSTO instrument users. A report covering the workshop outcomes was published and recommended the need for a time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument (Bilby); a neutron radiography instrument; a tomography instrument and imaging station (Dingo); a back-scattering spectrometer (Emu) and a sample- environment apparatus including a cryomagnet/dilution refrigerator and a high-end gas handling system. This is in addition to the portfolio of existing capital and commercial projects including a beryllium-filter option on Taipan (a thermal triple-axis spectrometer) and construction of the following instruments: ? Pelican - a time-of-flight spectrometer which can be used to study proteins, polymers, polycrystalline, glassy and liquid samples and observe ion diffusion through membranes biological samples, the dynamics of protein structures and ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 12 ANSTO?s neutron beam hall will be expanded to include several new neutron beam instruments and associated equipment. 13 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 2009-2010 highlights diffusion of gases and water through magnetic materials, cement, gas storage media, soils and rocks. ? Sika - a cold-neutron three-axis spectrometer which will be used to achieve a basic understanding of how materials respond to changes in temperature or to an applied magnetic field. Examples of basic scientific interest are systems which undergo a ?quantum-phase transition? at extremely low temperatures. Such phenomena are observed in some magnetic materials when a magnetic field is used to induce a transition to a new phase. Sika may also be used to confirm the physics used to explain the behaviour of materials such as magnetic-field driven actuator and high-temperature superconductors. ? Kookaburra - is an ultra-small-angle scattering instrument used to study the size and shape of objects of size 10H9262m and below by diffraction. This is useful for studies of pores and cracks in rocks, cement or engineering materials. It is also very useful for large biological or polymer molecules, macromolecular assemblies and mesoscopic magnetic particles. The range of interest includes bacteria, clays, coals, colloids, foams, food, gels, granular materials, hydrogels, membranes, minerals and mineral processing, nanotechnology, phase transitions, polymer blends, powders, proteins, rocks, thin metallic organic films, viruses. This year ANSTO also began design of a new Bragg Institute building extension. The extension will provide laboratories and workshops for 150 people, including increasing numbers of visiting international scientists. The OPAL reactor building will also be extended to better cater for increased uses of the reactor, including increased radiopharmaceutical production in part to assist in alleviating the world shortage of molybdenum. Hot Isostatic Pressing selected by US Government In January, the US Department of Energy (USDOE) selected Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP), a key component of ANSTO?s waste treatment technology, Synroc ? , as the preferred technology for treating high-level waste calcine located in Idaho in the US. Using HIP, volumes can be reduced by up to 50 per cent, depending on the form that is chosen, creating savings to the transport and disposal costs worth billions of dollars. HIP is the process that is used to help produce synthetic materials such as Synroc ? , replicating the stability and durability of minerals found in nature. The public announcement was made at the same time as the Nuclear Security Summit with world leaders in Washington. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 14 External revenue outcomes Despite the presence of the Global Financial Crisis, ANSTO delivered an external revenue outcome of $79.8 million (including Education Investment Fund Project funding of $20 million) against a forecast of $56.6 million. Of this total revenue, earnings by ANSTO business and commercial groups amounted to $52.1 million in 2009-2010. This was up $8.59 million, being a 19.7 per cent increase over the previous year. Within this business and commercial revenue, ANSTO Health?s earnings were $22.62 million in 2009-2010, up $1.25 million from the previous year and ANSTO Minerals, revenue earning was again outstanding with total earnings of $10.52 million, a slight increase on the 51 per cent increase achieved in 2008-2009. ANSTO?s waste treatment technology, Synroc ? . 15 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 2009-2010 report of activities (Report of research and operations) 17 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 2009-2010 report of activities Australia?s nuclear experts ANSTO?s international activities In mid-September, ANSTO staff formed part of an Australian delegation attending the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board of Governors and the IAEA General Conference in Vienna, Austria. The Board meeting concentrated on developments in relation to Iran and Syria. ANSTO prepared and delivered interventions on nuclear technology and applications, nuclear security and nuclear safety. At the General Conference, ANSTO played leading roles in the negotiation of resolutions on all these areas, as well as technical co-operation. ANSTO also delivered an invited presentation on the long-term management of disused radioactive sources to the Senior Regulators? Forum. In the lead-up to the General Conference, Australia coordinated the preparation of the so-called ?omnibus safety resolution? - measures to strengthen international cooperation in nuclear, radiation, transport and waste safety. The resolution was based upon a well-developed cooperative effort between ANSTO, Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). In early November, ANSTO was an expert consultant to the IAEA review of the International Decommissioning Network in Vienna. The purpose of the Network is to promote world-wide sharing of information regarding safe, economic and timely decommissioning of nuclear facilities among developed and developing countries. The team drew on ANSTO?s experience in decommissioning and decommissioning planning of a number of facilities at ANSTO. In early December, ANSTO led an IAEA workshop for countries having expressed an interest in launching a nuclear power program. The workshop, which took place in the United Arab Emirates, aimed to raise awareness of international nuclear liability law and to promote membership of the international regime. The workshop introduced a range of countries from around the world (including a number from South- East Asia) to the international nuclear liability regime and provided guidance to the drafting of national legislation. In mid-April, ANSTO?s Chief Executive Officer, Dr Adi Paterson, was in Washington during the Washington Nuclear Security Summit attended by world leaders. ANSTO strongly supports moves endorsed by the Summit to secure vulnerable nuclear materials around the globe. Dr Paterson was in Washington to launch a new initiative to treat difficult nuclear wastes. The keynote Austrade event, held at the Australian Embassy, was hosted by the Australian Ambassador to the U.S.A. the Hon. Kim Beazley on the margins of the Nuclear Security Summit. The event built on the US-DOE announcement in ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 18 December that it had selected ANSTO?s HIP waste treatment technology as the preferred technology for treating high-level waste calcine located in Idaho in the US. In May, ANSTO chaired the 10th Meeting of the IAEA International Expert Group on Nuclear Liability (INLEX) in Vienna. INLEX is a forum of expertise to explore and advise on issues related to nuclear liability; enhance global adherence by nuclear and non-nuclear states to an effective international nuclear liability regime; and to assist in the development and strengthening of national nuclear liability legal frameworks in IAEA Member States. In the following week, ANSTO also chaired an Open-ended Meeting of Technical and Legal Experts for Sharing Information on the States? Implementation of the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources and its Supplementary Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive Sources. The purpose of the meeting was to promote a wide exchange of information on national implementation of the Code and Guidance, reviewing progress made within the last three years, and to review the Import-Export Guidance. ANSTO?s Chief Executive Officer, Dr Adi Paterson, was in Washington during the Nuclear Security Summit attended by world leaders in mid-April. 19 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Advice to government ANSTO regularly provides advice to the Government on a wide range of issues through written advice, submissions and responses to specific enquiries; through hosting site visits for parliamentarians, and through input to formal and informal hearings, meetings and workshops. For example, in 2009-2010 ANSTO made submissions to the following parliamentary inquiries: ? The Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy. ANSTO provided a submission, entitled ?The Role of Nuclear in Enhancing Energy Security in Australia?. ? The House Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Innovation?s inquiries into Australia?s International Research Collaborations and Long-Term Meteorological Forecasting in Australia. ? The Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade?s review of Australia?s Relationship with the Countries of Africa. ? The Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs? inquiry into the National Radioactive Waste Management Bill 2010. ANSTO also provided responses to a number of parliamentary questions on notice concerning the OPAL reactor and radiopharmaceutical production, and provided advice to Ministers on ANSTO?s national and international collaborations, environmental research, radioisotope supply, the nuclear fuel cycle, and a range of other matters. ANSTO continued commercial survey work in the vicinity of a former uranium processing factory at Hunters Hill in Sydney at the request of the NSW Government. ANSTO had no historic involvement with the Radium Hill Company, which used the site from 1911 to extract radium from uranium ore for medical and other purposes. In June 2009, test results were provided to the NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change and Water in two reports, which were released publicly by the NSW Government in July. 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 20 Health and life sciences research ANSTO LifeSciences In February, a new and innovative group called ANSTO LifeSciences replaced the Radiopharmaceutical Research Institute (RRI). ANSTO LifeSciences was formed to ensure ANSTO has a more complete approach to life sciences, which includes researching properties of materials with organic origin such as proteins and membranes and complex living systems. Radiopharmaceutical and health research remains a priority area, but has been enhanced and complemented by biological research, which has broad applications in areas such as bioengineering and structural biology, using the specific opportunities of nuclear technologies. The group has four priority areas: ? Research and innovation ? Imaging ? Radionuclide development ? Biology This new group will enhance ANSTO?s current collaborations, allowing partnerships with leading researchers working in priority research areas, such as structural biology and soft matter research, food science and nutrition. ANSTO LifeSciences will also strengthen research as it integrates the complementary techniques of neutron beams and synchrotron radiation, a combination that gives Australian scientists a unique competitive edge. The team charged with delivering this is comprised of; Dr Ron Weiner, radionuclide development; Professor Richard Banati, integrated biology; Dr Marie-Claude Gregoire, imaging; and Dr Ivan Greguric, research and innovation. Parkinson?s research ANSTO?s Dr Agata Rekas and post doctoral fellow Dr Seok II Yun made a ground-breaking discovery regarding the protein Alpha-Synuclein, which the pair found to play a role in the development of Parkinson?s disease when it behaves abnormally. This abnormal behaviour can be stopped or even reversed using a man- Over the past year, ANSTO?s Dr Agata Rekas and her colleagues, have undertaken ground-breaking research into the development, prevention and management of Parkinson?s disease. 21 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation made polymer called a dendrimer, also known as a ?dense star? polymer. In other research, Dr Rekas and her colleagues undertook a study into dopamine, a neurotransmitter produced by particular neurons the death of which is a significant consequence of brain diseases such as Parkinson?s disease. The study used not only small-angle X-ray scattering to characterise shapes of dopamine oligomers, but also combined the results with molecular modelling simulations to elucidate the role of dopamine and its oligomeric system and their physiological effects (e.g. neurotoxicity). The research could potentially lead to new preventive and therapeutic agents for managing these diseases. Mapping the early inflammation process that leads to epilepsy ANSTO has undertaken imaging of the living brains of rodents using PET, a non- invasive, sensitive and quantitative imaging methodology, to investigate neurobiological mechanisms involved in the onset of neurological disease. Research conducted by ANSTO?s Dr Paul Callaghan, Dr Marie-Claude Gregoire and their colleagues focused on investigating the pre-symptomatic neuroinflammatory processes (called epileptogenesis) that lead to the development of chronic seizures, in an animal model of epilepsy. The team used ANSTO?s in-house developed radiotracer ([Fluorine-18]- PBR111) which is highly specific for receptors expressed in the inflammatory response within the brain. The radiotracer was used to map and quantify neuro- inflammation in vivo in rats. The data obtained was then correlated with a full in vitro assessment of the neuroinflamation pattern. This research will make it possible to follow-up the evolution of the inflammatory regions during the onset of the disease, and test new preventive therapies. Effects of cannabinoids exposure in the adolescent brain Cannabis use in teenagers can result in the development of drug dependence and has the potential to trigger psychosis and schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals. Aiming to investigate the 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO scientists use a component of the ANSTO LifeSciences in vivo imaging platform, the Siemens INVEON microPET/CT camera, in their epilepsy research. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 22 age-specific responses in the brain following cannabinoid exposure, ANSTO?s Dr Victoria Dalton and her colleagues treated adolescent and adult rats with a synthetic cannabinoid for 14 days. They then compared the levels of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (the main target of both synthetically produced cannabinoids and marijuana) by using in vitro autoradiography. Dr Dalton found that adult rats adapted to excess cannabis exposure, but in adolescent rats this adaptation was smaller. This reduced adaptive response to cannabinoid drug treatment that was observed in adolescent rats may account in part for the behavioural effects, decreased response to other drugs and adverse psychological consequences following cannabinoid exposure during human adolescence. Improving radiation dosimetry ANSTO researchers are developing new microdosimeters to improve radiation- protection practices for air crews and astronauts, and for research in radiation biology and high-energy physics. Dr Mark Reinhard and his team compared radiation-transport simulations with experimental measurements obtained at CERN in Switzerland. Their results are improving the understanding of this complex mixed radiation-field used in the calibration and testing of dosimetry instrumentation. In addition, the team successfully completed a performance evaluation of a recently developed solid- state microdosimeter in Australia. Developing novel and healthy food ANSTO?s research into complex food structures is providing new insights into diet-related diseases and developing novel foods. Food structures that were once considered too complex to be studied can now be investigated using ANSTO?s neutron beam instruments. Work by ANSTO?s Dr Elliot Gilbert and his colleagues focused on proteins and carbohydrates, looking not only at their structural components but also at their dynamics, using neutron and X-ray scattering. Demonstrating the capabilities of these techniques, the team have recently established a food science consortium collaborating with other research institutes and major food companies to investigate a range of food proteins. New tracer promises clearer melanoma picture ANSTO research published in The American Chemical Society?s Journal of Medicinal Chemistry describes a new radiopharmaceutical tracer that gives clearer pictures of melanoma and could lead to improved disease treatment. The development has resulted in the production of a series of novel [18F] fluoronicotinamide radiotracers, suitable for applications in imaging melanoma, using PET. 23 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Environment and climate change Key to Bronze Age origins found in China ANSTO research conducted by Professor John Dodson in conjunction with scientists from the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology in China has shown that an area of desert in north- western China was once a thriving Bronze Age manufacturing and agricultural site. The new findings may help shed light on the origins and development of the earliest applications of Bronze Age technology. Dating using ANSTO?s precision techniques was used to identify the age of seeds, slag, copper ore and charcoal at two sites. The findings show the material is up to 3700 years old, but that smelting was still being carried out as recently as 1300 years ago. A photo of the study site was published in the November issue of the Quaternary Research journal. IRMS++ mass spectrometer to be marketed worldwide ANSTO has signed a Research and Collaboration agreement with Australian Scientific Instruments Pty Ltd (ASI) to develop and commercialise a state-of-the- art mass spectrometer ? known as IRMS++ - invented by ANSTO scientists Dr Mike Hotchkis and Dr Chris Waring. As one of its many applications, IRMS++ will be used by climate scientists to analyse ice samples much more rapidly and with greater resolution than at present. By enabling researchers to analyse liquid water directly, IRMS++ will revolutionise the way climate studies are done. IRMS++ is designed to measure the major elements in the air, water, earth and even particles in outer space ? in a way that is much more convenient and cost effective than current methods. IRMS++ uses a newly developed, patented microwave-driven plasma source to generate large signals directly from very small volumes of liquid or gas for measurement of their isotopic composition. World-first pollution detector An ANSTO collaboration with researchers at the universities of Basel and Bern in Switzerland is using two strategically- placed detectors to monitor atmospheric radon concentrations in the Swiss Alps. The world-first detection system has been developed by ANSTO scientists for a three-year study investigating pollution transport from North Africa and Southern Europe over the Swiss Alps. Radiocarbon dating the Tasmanian Huon pine Research by ANSTO?s Dr Quan Hua and his colleagues used radiocarbon dating to study tree rings from a Huon pine in Tasmania. Their research has shown that an abrupt climate change took place during the Last Deglaciation, ~20,000 ? 11,600 calendar years before present (the early Younger Dryas period). 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 24 Radiocarbon dating is one of the most reliable and well-established methods for dating the past ~50,000 years. The radiocarbon age of a sample is determined by measuring its 14 C concentration and by assuming a constant level of atmospheric 14 C through time. However, not long after the establishment of the radiocarbon dating method (in the late 1940s), it was recognised that the 14 C concentration of the atmosphere in the past has not been constant. Dr Hua?s research reports the high-precision, high- resolution atmospheric 14 C record from a Huon pine in Tasmania for improved radiocarbon calibration for the early Younger Dryas. Jenolan cave-formation growth research Studying cave environments and their formation provides a unique insight into our prehistoric climate and is an important step towards a quantitative interpretation of palaeo-climate. During ANSTO scientist Dr Chris Waring?s field campaign with his colleagues to the Jenolan Caves in New South Wales, the team monitored air ANSTO?s state-of-the-art mass spectrometer, known as IRMS++, invented by ANSTO scientists Dr Mike Hotchkis (pictured) and Dr Chris Waring will be used by climate scientists to analyse ice samples much more rapidly and with greater resolution than at present. gases and drip water through the year, using isotopic techniques for measurements. A detailed picture of seasonal cave formation emerged, illustrating growth patterns of stalactites and stalagmites. This research is helping to further the interpretation of palaeo- climate records. Fresh groundwater lenses identified within salty groundwater ANSTO is conducting studies into surface water resources in the Australian interior. At present such data is unreliable and scarce yet it is vital in supporting the vegetation along and near river channels and in maintaining a delicate ecological balance along waterholes (or ?billabongs?). ANSTO?s Dr Dioni Cendon, with colleagues from ANSTO and the University of Wollongong, chemically analysed groundwater and surface water samples along the Cooper Creek floodplain near Ballera (south-west Queensland) to understand the regulation of the river system. The research identified and described shallow groundwater of low salinity forming freshwater lenses up to one kilometre wide. These are located directly adjacent to major waterholes, and overlying the otherwise widespread saltier regional groundwater along the Cooper Creek floodplain. This river catchment provides a non- disturbed analogue to understand how other presently wetter regions, particularly those in the Murray-Darling Basin, could evolve in the future if their climate and hydrology becomes even more variable. Understanding long-range fine-particle pollution in Asia Research conducted by ANSTO?s Dr David Cohen and his colleagues is helping identify the sources and origins of fine- particle pollution across the Asian region. Fine-particle pollution in Asia is generally very high when compared with internationally accepted health goals. ANSTO scientist Stuart Hankin (pictured with weather station) and his colleagues are conducting climate research at the Jenolan Caves in New South Wales. The research looks at growth patterns of stalactites and stalagmites providing a unique insight into our prehistoric climate. 25 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 26 Therefore this unique data set collected for the region is of great interest for a range of environmental agencies in each of the member states, as well as non- government organisations. Much of this fine-particle pollution is produced by motor vehicles, fossil-fuel combustion, industrial processes and even windblown soils from desert regions. As part of a long-term project in the Asian region, ANSTO has been using nuclear techniques not only to characterise fine-particle pollution, but also to quantify their sources and origins across 15 countries in the region. The data will be used to correlate medical conditions related to lung disease and heart conditions with high pollution days, sources of air pollution and hospital admissions. ANSTO scientist Dr David Cohen?s research is helping identify the sources and origins of fine-particle pollution across the Asian region. 27 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Materials First-time in-situ insights into alloys Research conducted by ANSTO and the University of Wollongong has produced the first micro-scale, in-situ, real-time observations of detailed structural changes (dynamic recrystallisation) within alloys when placed under extremely high temperatures and stress (thermomechanics). The research has revealed unique information about materials used in the space and nuclear industries, which will aid the development of new materials and understanding of what conditions they can ultimately endure. The research, aimed at developing new methods of studying materials in-situ and in real-time, used synchrotron technology at the Argonne National Laboratory in the United States. The results were presented at the Thermec? 2009 Conference in Berlin by ANSTO researcher Dr Klaus-Dieter Liss, and featured on the cover of the August edition of Advanced Engineering Materials. New powdery future for wool and silk New applications for wool and other natural fibres are expected from an international collaboration between ANSTO?s Dr Suzanne Smith, Deakin University and Tufts University in the United States. The initiative, which received Australian Research Council Discovery Project funding, will explore how to turn natural fibres such as wool and silk into ultra-fine powders, potentially leading to a new range of products such as artificial skins, medical bandages and pollution absorbers. The research is likely to have implications for industry sustainability, particularly in the case of wool, as developing new products will open up new markets. Hot Isostatic Pressing In December, the USDOE selected HIP ? a key component of Synroc ? waste treatment technology - as the preferred technology for treating high-level waste calcine located in Idaho in the US. Dr Klaus-Dieter Liss? studies of plastic deformation of materials shows not only the beginning and end conditions of the materials but the full evolution of the microstructure. 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 28 Using HIP, volumes can be reduced by up to 50 per cent ? depending on the form that is chosen ? delivering savings to the transport and disposal costs worth billions of dollars. HIP is the process that is used to help produce synthetic waste encapsulation materials such as ANSTO Synroc ? , replicating the stability and durability of minerals found in nature. Understanding of materials that shrink on heating ANSTO?s Dr Vanessa Peterson and her colleagues undertook studies into how relevant materials shrink when they are heated. The team looked at the structure and dynamics of a metal organic framework compound using neutron scattering and modelling methods. These materials have applications in gas storage (including hydrogen and carbon dioxide for environmental applications), catalysis and gas separations. This flexibility leads to interesting and novel expansion properties, and as is increasingly found to shrink when exposed to heat. The team found a new mechanism in one material in which molecular groups twist locally, rather than collectively, offering a new way of achieving shrinkage when exposed to heat. Understanding piezoelectric materials ANSTO scientists are involved in research focused on piezoelectric materials in order to unravel the intertwining of the electrical and mechanical properties in these compounds. Putting an electric field across a piezoelectric causes it to change shape, which makes it useful as an actuator material. On the other hand, the materials are also used as mechanical sensors, as putting the material under strain causes it to generate an electric field. In the studies by Jacob Jones and his colleagues from the University of Florida, together with ANSTO?s Dr Andrew Studer, used ANSTO?s neutron-beam instrument Wombat, a high-intensity powder diffractometer, to measure the real-time response of piezoelectric materials to cyclic electric fields. Observation of soft phonon modes in superionic copper selenide In the first experimental data obtained with ANSTO?s new triple-axis spectrometer, Taipan, ANSTO researcher Dr Sergey Danilkin and his colleagues measured a superionic conductor. These materials are superior in conductivity and therefore sought after in a number of technological applications such as solid-state capacitors, fuel cells and batteries. Their measurements of copper selenide contributed to the understanding of the structure and mechanism of these materials. Analysis of neutron-scattering data using atomistic modelling methods Much of the experimental data collected at facilities such as ANSTO is raw material used to build scientific understanding. The bridge between the data and understanding may be simply a case of fitting the various pieces of information together, but modern materials are complex and therefore modelling can be of assistance in bridging this gap. Studies by ANSTO?s Professor Don Kearley and his colleagues have provided examples of how modelling helps to choose between ambiguous analyses, provides starting models for analytical methods and gives an understanding of how the structure and dynamics of a material relate to its function. Radiation damage and disorder of materials The study of radiation damage is not only essential for the development of new materials used in designing nuclear reactors, but also for designing new waste forms. ANSTO?s Dr Karl Whittle and his colleagues studied titanium dioxide, a model system with different polymorphs at room temperature. The attractiveness of polymorphs is that they are formed under different conditions and have different structures, but they do not change chemically. Both experimental and molecular-dynamics simulation techniques were used to enhance predictive capabilities. From crystal grains to texture One of the challenges in materials science and engineering is to increase the detailed understanding of materials for modelling and lifetime prediction, as well as to design novel materials which are lighter, stronger and longer-lasting under extreme conditions. Studies by ANSTO?s Dr Klaus- Dieter Liss and his colleagues aimed to understand plastic deformation of metals. Understanding the deformation of these simple materials will help researchers understand more complex systems. The team have continuously followed the in situ evolution of embedded bulk grains of copper during the plastic deformation process. Dr Liss? work looks at novel light- weight, high-temperature titanium aluminium intermetallics, zirconium alloys and ductile high-strength steels for applications in the aerospace, nuclear and transportation industries, respectively. Research conducted by ANSTO?s Dr Karl Whittle is being incorporated into models showing how materials recover from radiation damage. 29 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 2009-2010 report of activities Engineering Characterisation of ductile material response to dynamic loading ANSTO?s Mr Michael Saleh and his colleagues undertake studies into the modelling and simulation of material responses to high strain-rate and high temperature phenomena. Analysis of high velocity impacts has shown that material behaviour demonstrates sensitivity to both strain rate and the adiabatic heating of the material. This often leads to localised deformations which cannot be predicted using conventional analysis techniques e.g. shear banding, adiabatic thermal softening and pressure induced phase transformations amongst others. The team is now developing this high strain- rate method for use in a wide variety of fields including the defence sector. Simulation of a weld procedure used in large complex facilities for residual stress determination Metal welds of different metal compositions, i.e. ?dissimilar? welds, are a frequent joining method of two sections in the construction of large complex facilities such as nuclear power facilities. However, residual stresses induced by welding can cause or accelerate failure by several mechanisms. ANSTO?s Dr Philip Bendeich, Dr Ondrej Muransky and their colleagues? research created a computer simulation of one of these ?dissimilar? metal welds in a pressuriser safety relief line. A complex weld was analysed together with ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 30 ANSTO scientist Mr Michael Saleh?s research help develop new analysis techniques. 31 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation computer simulation. The results of the analyses have been used to help interpret the behaviour of the nozzle welds on a nuclear power plant. Residual stress and integrity of a gas pipeline connection measured by neutron diffraction Welds are an essential part of most engineering projects; however, residual stresses induced by welding can cause or accelerate failure by several mechanisms. Residual stresses are difficult to measure, and there is little information on residual stresses in welds. ANSTO?s Dr Michael Law and his colleagues measured the residual stresses in welds of a new connection to a major gas pipeline using neutron diffraction. Neutron diffraction is an ideal tool for measuring residual stresses, as it provides accurate values through the entire component thickness. The critical crack size of the pipeline was evaluated from the measured stress and compared to that estimated from integrity assessment codes. Some code estimates dangerously overestimated the critical crack size. As neutron diffraction provides a more accurate assessment of component integrity than estimates from assessment codes, the team could use their measurements to compare and validate the assessment codes. 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO?s materials research is looking for ways to improve weld procedures. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 32 Operation of OPAL and other facilities OPAL In the 2009-2010 financial year, the OPAL research reactor achieved both improved reliability and increased production. The facility exceeded its overall availability target of 70 per cent, achieving 73 per cent over the whole year, and also exceeded its planned availability target of 90 per cent, operating for 93 per cent of the time it was scheduled to operate. Plant issues have been reduced and the heavy water purity issue faced by the reactor last year has been stabilised as a result of the installation of mechanical clamps on the reflector vessel leak sites. The irradiation of uranium plates for the production of Mo-99 is currently at two runs per week; this will be increased to four runs per week in the second half of 2010. OPAL successfully undertook over 200 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) irradiations and approximately 7500 Delayed Neutron Activation Analysis (DNAA) irradiations for various customers, including ANSTO institutes, universities and commercial clients. Silicon irradiation produced outstanding results that generated approximately $2 million in revenue for the year. ANSTO plans to operate the reactor for 300 days in 2010-2011 with only short maintenance shutdowns. Neutron-beam instruments OPAL?s neutron research facilities contain neutron-beam instruments which require OPAL?s neutrons for solving complex research and industrial problems in many important fields. Neutron scattering allows scientists to see what x-rays cannot. They look at materials from the inside out, understanding their atomic structure and how materials respond to various stimuli. ANSTO?s operating neutron-beam instruments are: ? Echidna ? a high-resolution powder diffractometer ? Koala ? a laue diffractometer ? Kowari ? a residual-stress diffractometer ? Platypus ? a reflectometer ? Quokka ? a small-angle neutron scattering instrument ? Taipan - a thermal triple-axis spectrometer ? Wombat ? powder diffractometer In May 2009, ANSTO was allocated $37 million of new Federal Government project funding for new guides and instrumentation at OPAL. The Neutron Beam Expansion Project is well underway following extensive stakeholder consultation that began in August with a two-day scoping workshop involving 80 national and international researchers. 33 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation As a result of that meeting, a report was published on the need for a time of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument (Bilby), a neutron radiography instrument, a tomography instrument and imaging station (Dingo), a back-scattering spectrometer (Emu) and a sample- environment apparatus including a cryomagnet/dilution refrigerator and a high-end gas handling system. This is in addition to the portfolio of existing capital and commercial projects including the construction of Pelican a time-of-flight spectrometer, Sika a cold- neutron three-axis spectrometer, Kookaburra an ultra-small-angle scattering instrument and the beryllium- filter option on Taipan, ANSTO?s thermal triple-axis spectrometer. ANSTO has also begun design of a new Bragg Institute building extension. The extensions will provide laboratories and workshops for 150 people, including increasing numbers of international scientists who are attracted to ANSTO by the new OPAL reactor. The OPAL reactor building will also be extended to better cater for increased uses of the reactor, including increased radiopharmaceutical production. National Deuteration Facility ANSTO?s National Deuteration Facility offers the capability to produce molecules where all or part of the molecular hydrogen is in the form of the stable (non-radioactive) isotope of hydrogen called deuterium. 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO?s world-class nuclear research reactor, OPAL, exceeded its overall and planned availability targets in 2009-2010. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 34 This important technique enables scientists to more effectively investigate the relationship between the structure and function of proteins, DNA, synthetic polymers and other materials known as 'soft matter'. Molecular deuteration assists in making it possible to observe the arrangement of sub-units of an enzyme, or changes in shape when molecules interact or become active or inactive. This can be done with molecules in solution under relevant real life conditions. Hydrogen and deuterium atoms scatter neutrons quite differently when placed in front of a neutron beam. Molecular deuteration of parts of a molecule creates contrast between those parts containing deuterium and those with normal hydrogen, thus providing more information about the molecular structure. Radiopharmaceutical production facilities ANSTO supplies radiopharmaceuticals to over 220 nuclear medicine centres across Australia and exports to New Zealand and South East Asia. ANSTO simultaneously produces large quantities of different isotopes, such as Mo-99 and iodine-131(I-131), used for the diagnosis and treatment of serious illnesses such as cancer. ANSTO?s low enriched uranium Mo-99 manufacturing facility is being used to meet the huge demand for this important radiopharmaceutical, which is the basis of 80 per cent of nuclear medicine procedures performed around the world. The other main radiopharmaceuticals distributed are I-131, used to treat hyperthyroidism and in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer; gallium-67 (Ga-67) to determine the extent of Hodgkin?s Disease, lymphomas and bronchogenic carcinoma; iodine-123 mIBG (I-123) for detection, staging and follow-up to therapy for neuroblastomas and thallium-201(Tl-201) used in myocardial perfusion imaging for the diagnosis and localisation of myocardial infarction. ANSTO produces approximately 550,000 patient doses of radiopharmaceuticals every year which are distributed through radiopharmacists directly to hospitals across Australia. 35 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Accelerators Accelerators are used to analyse materials - often using extremely small samples ? to determine their elemental composition and age. ANSTO currently has two accelerators, ANTARES and STAR, both of which are used in ion beam analysis and accelerator mass spectrometry. In May 2009, ANSTO was allocated $25 million of new Federal Government project funding for a Centre for Accelerator Science at ANSTO. ANSTO will develop the Centre over the next four years. Construction was officially approved by Parliament in June. The new accelerators are a low energy multi-isotope accelerator mass spectrometer and a new medium-energy tandem accelerator. The Centre will act as a strong drawcard for Australian and overseas scientists from nearly every scientific field, working in areas such as radiocarbon dating and environmental studies. Irradiation facility ANSTO?s irradiation facility, known as GATRI (Gamma Technology Research Irradiator), celebrated its 40th year of operation in March. The facility is used to irradiate items for medical health, industry, agriculture and research. GATRI is the only Australian provider of high precision irradiation services including: ? Sterilisation of frozen human bone and tendons for transplants and grafting in surgery ? Irradiation of the Queensland fruit fly to help control infestations ? Irradiation of quarantine goods ? Plant mutation studies ? Sterilisation of medical products ? Accelerating long term storage effects on products such as plastics and electronics. Given the age of the facility and the continuing demand for irradiation and dosimetry services for niche and novel applications, a scientific and business case of the need for ANSTO to maintain the expertise and capabilities in high dose irradiation and dosimetry and to replace GATRI with a new irradiation facility is currently being examined. Decommissioning ? Moata, HIFAR and the National Medical Cyclotron ANSTO is in the process of decommissioning the Moata reactor and preparing for the decommissioning of the HIFAR reactor both located at ANSTO?s southern Sydney campus as well as the National Medical Cyclotron (NMC) at Camperdown, NSW. ANSTO operated the NMC, an accelerator used to produce certain short-lived radioisotopes for nuclear medicine procedures, until it was shut down in October 2009 after 20 years of service. The key isotopes produced at the NMC were Tl-201, Ga-67 and I-123, which are now being imported while production capability is established in Australia. 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 36 In the 2010-2011 budget, the Federal Government allocated $9.7 million towards the continued safe decommissioning of ANSTO?s disused nuclear facilities. This decommissioning will occur in accordance with highly regulated national and international safety requirements. Community and education Tours and visits ANSTO provides free guided tours of its facilities to the public. Tours provide participants with information about ANSTO?s research and a visit to the OPAL research reactor building and neutron guide hall. Visitors range from primary and high school students; university students; community organisations; business people and politicians. A record number of 9,543 visitors toured ANSTO in 2009-2010. Compared to 2008-2009, there was a 40 per cent increase in school visitors (3,281 to 4,605), a 15 per cent increase in community visitors (3,079 to 3,544) and a 45 per cent increase in university visitors (328 to 477). ANSTO?s National Medical Cyclotron, an accelerator used to produce certain short-lived radioisotopes, was shut down in October 2009 after 20 years of service. 37 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Open Day In addition to the 9,543 general visits, more than 2,000 people attended ANSTO?s first Open Day in five years, held in September. Of those, 1,850 people toured the ANSTO campus on buses and experienced the OPAL visitor?s centre and Neutron Guide Hall and had discussions with scientists. A popular feature of the event was an Open Day panel discussion on cleaner energy options for our future. The discussion was chaired by the ABC?s Robyn Williams and the expert panel members included Dr Ziggy Switkowski (ANSTO Chairman), Keith Orchison (energy commentator) and Burt Beasley (Australian Coal Association). Other free activities on the day to entertain both young adults and kids included a science show, rides, giveaways and information stalls from ANSTO and other local community organisations. In an online survey, 94 per cent of visitors rated the experience as good or excellent, and more than 94 per cent said it was well-organised. Pleasingly, 72 per cent indicated that they had learnt more about nuclear science and technology and specific topics including the difference between man-made and naturally occurring isotopes. 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO sponsors and participates in numerous international and national events and conferences and supports local events including the Sutherland Shire Australia Day community celebrations pictured. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 38 Sponsorships ANSTO sponsored a range of research and community events in the 2009-2010 financial year. Sponsorships this year included: ?Eureka Moments?, a documentary about past Eureka Prize winners, shown on the ABC?s Catalyst program and at the awards night in August; a $40,000 Fulbright Scholarship open to Australian citizens wishing to carry out research or study in the United States (US) in nuclear science or technology; the local Sutherland Shire Australia Day celebrations; ?Science Exposed?, run by the NSW Office of Science and Medical Research; and ?Science in the City?, run by the Australian Museum. Distinguished Lecture Series For the first time, ANSTO ran a number of public lectures in the AINSE lecture theatre. The talks, entitled the ?Distinguished Lecture Series?, featured a number of world leading experts, including Australian nuclear physicist Dr Barry Green, who discussed fusion energy; Stanford University?s Dr Stuart Parkin, who spoke about computers of the future; US author of Prescription for the Planet, Tom Blees, who discussed how nuclear waste and the material leftover from decommissioning of nuclear weapons could produce electricity for the next 1,000 years; Professor Michael Cowley of Monash University, who spoke about promising new studies that have the potential to provide solutions to the obesity epidemic; and Dr Ron Mitchell who put forward that not all doses of radiation are potentially harmful to human health. Outstanding staff achievements Dr Andrew Smith ANSTO scientist, Dr Andrew Smith, was one of six finalists in the 2009 Eureka Prize People?s Choice award. Dr Smith?s entry was in the category of innovative solutions to climate change. Dr Smith used Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) to analyse samples of trapped air from polar ice sheets to study the origin of the potent greenhouse gas, methane, in the Earth's atmosphere. All six finalists were profiled on the ABC?s Catalyst program in July and at the event in August. New South Wales Governor, Professor Marie Bashir visited ANSTO and spoke with around 50 of Australia?s best and brightest Year 11 science students as part of a National Youth Science Forum visit. 39 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Professor John Dodson Head of the Institute for Environmental Research, Professor John Dodson, and co-authors, were awarded the Australian Award for Excellence in Education and Publishing for the book The Australian Physical Environment, Oxford University Press 2008. Dr Guan Heng Yeoh ANSTO?s computational modeller, Dr Guan Heng Yeoh was recognised as one of the top experts in his field after being awarded the Brennan Medal by the UK?s prestigious Institute of Chemical Engineers. The medal is given for the best book published by the Institute each year ? in this case, his book Computational Techniques for Multiphase Flows. Professor John Boldeman Professor John Boldeman?s remarkable 50-year association with ANSTO and its predecessor, the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, saw him awarded one of the highest accolades in Australian science, the 2010 ATSE Clunies Ross Lifetime Contribution Award. 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 40 Businesses External earnings by ANSTO business and commercial groups amounted to $52.1 million in 2009- 2010. This was up $8.59 million, being a 19.7 per cent increase over the previous year. ANSTO Health ANSTO Health ? (formerly ARI) is the commercial division of ANSTO that produces radiopharmaceuticals. It is the primary supplier of radiopharmaceuticals in Australia and operates a production facility from ANSTO?s southern Sydney campus. ANSTO Health ? plays an important role in the nuclear medicine and health industries in Australia, supplying around 550,000 patient doses of radiopharmaceuticals each year. In addition, ANSTO Health ? exports radiopharmaceuticals to New Zealand and Asia. ANSTO Health ? implemented a price increase for radiopharmaceuticals in response to increased material and production costs incurred. ANSTO Health?s revenue earning was $22.62 million in 2009-2010. This was up $1.25 million from the previous year. Mo-99 In June 2009, ANSTO brought on-line a radiochemical manufacturing plant associated with the OPAL reactor, which produces Mo-99. Mo-99 is the precursor to technetium-99m (Tc-99) which is currently the most widely used radioisotope worldwide in nuclear medicine for diagnostic application. In Australia, (Tc-99) is used in over 80 per cent of nuclear medicine procedures. There is currently a global shortage of Mo- 99, due to a number of ageing reactors being shutdown for extended periods. This shortage will continue as one reactor (which produces 40 per cent of the global supply) is shut down permanently in the next 5-7 years. ANSTO?s Mo-99 production facility can supply all of Australia?s current and future nuclear medicine supply and will have capacity to export product overseas. Alzheimer?s and Parkinson?s imaging agreement with Bayer Medical trials in the United States on a new imaging technique developed by ANSTO could open a window into new diagnostic options for patients with Alzheimer?s disease or Parkinson?s disease. An agreement with Bayer Schering Pharma stems from studies performed by ANSTO scientists, Dr Andrew Katsifis and Ms Filomena Mattner, in the mid-1990s, which found new ways to obtain images of neuroinflammation which is believed to be an early characteristic of these debilitating diseases. ANSTO Minerals ANSTO Minerals is a commercial consultancy group focussed on the uranium and rare earths mining sector. ANSTO has over 30 years experience and 41 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation expertise that includes chemical engineering, metallurgy, mineralogy, chemistry, geology and radiation safety. ANSTO Minerals offer practical solutions and innovative technology including flowsheet design, bench testing and scale up to pilot plant. The services delivered by ANSTO Minerals generate substantial financial and environmental benefits to mining and mineral processing customers. ANSTO Minerals? revenue earning for 2009-2010 was $10.52 million. External radiation services ANSTO is the leading provider of radiation protection services and advice in Australia. ANSTO has practical expertise in almost all facets of radiation safety and dealing with radioactive materials. Services are tailored to client requirements. They include radiation safety training, radiation protection advice, measurement and management plan development and reviews, radiation instrument calibration, systems safety and reliability consultancy. ANSTO also provides services and advice in high-dose irradiation and high-dose dosimetry for scientific research and the provision of irradiation services to health care, agriculture and industry. PETNET PETNET Australia Pty Ltd (trading as PETNET Solutions), is a wholly owned subsidiary of ANSTO, which operates two medical cyclotrons for radiopharmaceutical production at the southern Sydney campus. Routine production of FDG commenced in March 2010. This new facility increases the availability of FDG to hospitals in New South Wales, allowing 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Minerals is a commercial consultancy group focussed on the uranium and rare earths mining sector. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 42 patients to have more access to nuclear medicine procedures. The production capacity will also enable some supply to other states in Australia. CeramiSphere Pty Ltd In April 2010, CeramiSphere Pty Ltd (a wholly owned subsidiary) was sold to an Australian owned private investment group. The subsidiary was established in 2007 to incubate and develop a technology invented by ANSTO researchers prior to full commercialisation. ANSTO has retained the patent portfolio and will receive royalty income when products go on the market. Australian Membrane Technologies Pty Ltd Australian Membrane Technologies Pty Ltd (AMT) (a wholly owned subsidiary) was established as an incubator company for technology developed by ANSTO researchers. In July 2009 the technology was licensed to Sydney based Bio-Gill Environmental Pty Ltd. ANSTO has retained the patent portfolio and will receive royalty income when products are sold. 43 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Partnerships and associated organisations Access to Major Research Facilities Program ANSTO operates the Access to Major Research Facilities Program. For Australian science to remain at the cutting edge and for Australia to benefit from developments in technology, our scientists must have access to the best facilities in the world. This program includes large facilities not available in Australia, such as high flux neutron beam sources and high energy physics facilities. During the 2009-2010 financial year, the program funded 56 teams to perform experiments using facilities in the U.S.A., South America, Europe and Asia. ANSTO led 11 of these teams. AINSE Located on ANSTO?s southern Sydney campus, AINSE provides universities and other tertiary institutions with access to ANSTO?s nuclear facilities, facilitating a culture of cooperation in the nuclear scientific and engineering fields. AINSE arranges for the training of scientific research workers and the award of scientific research studentships in matters associated with nuclear science and engineering. AINSE's membership comprises 39 Australian and New Zealand universities plus GNS Science, New Zealand, and ANSTO. Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility ANSTO entered into an agreement with the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility (AMMRF) to enable collaboration with AMMRF scientists and the advanced application of their instruments. This includes the development of methods and protocols to facilitate the microscopy of radioactive materials to enhance ANSTO?s capability to study radiation damage in nuclear materials. Australian National University In September, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Australian National University (ANU) and ANSTO was signed, enabling the two organisations to collaborate across research fields which support Australia?s capacity for international engagement in nuclear science and technology including key accelerator facilities, future energy sources and nuclear non-proliferation. The new national partnership was launched by the Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Senator Kim Carr and signed by ANU Vice- Chancellor Professor Ian Chubb AC and ANSTO Chief Executive Officer Dr Adi Paterson. Australian Synchrotron Synchrotron radiation-based techniques are vital to a wide range of research fields: physics; chemistry; materials science; 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 44 structural biology; polymer research; environmental science and geophysics. Synchrotron radiation techniques are similar to neutron scattering techniques that require a reactor such as OPAL and the results from each are often complementary, thus there is significant overlap in the user communities. ANSTO is one of ten foundation investors in the Australian Synchrotron and has special access to the Australian Synchrotron averaging six days per year on each beamline. Proposals for this special access are internally reviewed by ANSTO. ANSTO has used this beamtime to perform strategic experiments, not well suited to a strict scientific merit review; to kick off new projects; to conduct preliminary and pilot studies; for training and familiarisation of staff on new techniques; for a small molecule crystallography service and to give increased time allocations to ANSTO proposals which have been submitted to the normal scientific merit system. This year, ANSTO received approximately 27 days of beamtime under its agreement and a further four days of merit allocated time. In addition, the synchrotron?s online proposal and user administration system was developed and continues to be maintained by the Bragg Institute under a contract from the Australian Synchrotron. Senator the Hon. Kim Carr (left) and ANSTO Chief Executive Officer, Dr Adi Paterson (right). 45 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation This is a significant benefit to users of the synchrotron and the neutron scattering instruments at OPAL as both facilities run the same online user system. ANSTO also supported two synchrotron conferences ? the 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation held in September/October, and the Biology and Synchrotron Radiation (BSR) and Medical Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (MASR) held in February. CERN In June, ANSTO signed an agreement with the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, better known as CERN, to undertake collaborative research in areas such as accelerator science, health and life sciences, and radiation detection. CERN is one of the world?s largest centres for scientific research and is run by 20 European Member States. It is also the home of the world?s largest physics project and the gigantic circular accelerator, the 27 kilometre Large Hadron Collider, which spans the Swiss-French border. By engaging with CERN, ANSTO and Australians will benefit from cutting- edge research and develop expertise in areas such as particle-therapy platforms and large-scale accelerator facilities. Curtin University of Technology In March, Curtin University of Technology signed a four-year, $1.2 million agreement with ANSTO to conduct research into the storage of nuclear waste. The project brings materials modelling researchers from Curtin?s Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI) together with ANSTO?s renowned experts to undertake fundamental research into the design and implementation of nuclear waste forms, including fundamental research into the safe containment of highly radioactive waste. The collaboration will build national capacity in materials modelling and produce outcomes that further improve our understanding of nuclear waste. French Atomic Energy Commission In March, ANSTO signed an agreement with the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). The agreement will see ANSTO and the CEA partner more widely in research areas such as nuclear medicine, life sciences, radiation therapy, safety and radiological protection. ANSTO and the CEA first joined forces in 1992, signing a co-operation agreement on the peaceful uses of advanced nuclear technology. It enabled important collaborative projects in areas such as medical imaging, radioactive waste forms and environmental research. Based on its recent experience building OPAL, ANSTO has also provided advice and assistance to the CEA which is building the new Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) at Cadarache in the South of France. ANSTO Chief Executive Officer, Dr Adi Paterson and Professor Bernard Bigot, head of the CEA signed the agreement in Paris. 2009-2010 report of activities ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 46 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute In May, ANSTO signed an agreement to strengthen ANSTO?s collaboration with its counterpart in South Korea. The partnership between ANSTO and the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) will see the two institutions work together across a number of research fields, allowing scientists from the two countries to collaborate on areas of shared interest. The agreement will provide access to the best facilities and scientists in both countries. Under the agreement, areas of co- operation between the two organisations will include education and training, the operation and maintenance of research reactors and related experimental facilities, neutron beam studies, and the application of radiation and nuclear science and technology to border security. ANSTO?s relationship with South Korea dates back to 1990 where, under an earlier agreement, ANSTO had been working with KAERI on fields of mutual interest such as the effect of radiation on materials used in reactors, which ultimately assist in the improvement of reactor design. Paul Scherrer Institute In June, ANSTO entered into a collaborative agreement with the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland to undertake joint research projects in areas such as accelerator science, health and life sciences, materials science, and environmental research. The Paul Scherrer Institute is the largest multi-disciplinary research centre for natural and engineering sciences within Switzerland and undertakes world class research in the areas of Structure of Matter, Energy and the Environment, and Human Health. University of Sydney In June, a new research and educational partnership was established between ANSTO, the University of Sydney and other leading universities in the Asia- Pacific region. Under the new partnership, Sydney University?s Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI) and ANSTO LifeSciences will establish Australia?s first fully dedicated medical research cyclotron and radiochemistry facility that will produce radiotracers for the Australian imaging research community. The cyclotron accelerates protons to produce short-lived positron-emitting radioisotopes that radiochemists will use to label chemical probes. Scientists will then use these probes together with very sensitive imaging instruments to observe physiological changes in living animals and to test new treatments for a wide variety of disease conditions. As well as using current state-of-the-art technology, a key focus for the collaboration is to develop new radiopharmaceuticals, instruments, and scientific methods that extend the potential applications of molecular imaging in the future. 47 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 2009-2010 report of activities This facility will be part of the National Imaging Facility, a network of open access imaging laboratories in eight Australian universities and research institutes supported by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). Under the NCRIS initiative, the Commonwealth and NSW Governments are providing $2.6 million towards the $10 million cost of establishing the cyclotron and radiochemistry facility. Strategic partnerships are essential for the future of ANSTO, as they utilise the principle of critical mass to achieve maximum benefit. ANSTO has entered into a number of strategic partnerships over the past 12 months with the aim of increasing skills and enabling knowledge transfer between Australia and the best institutions globally. This will deliver real benefits to all Australians. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 51 Performance against strategic objectives Performance against strategic objectives 49 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Key Performance Indicators 2008-09 2009-10 Neutron Beamline usage - number of experiments 184 279 Facility availability - OPAL: total availability % of days at power 61% 73% - Accelerators: average % of days operated per planned operation 1 85% 78% Nuclear Science Facilities project - percentage of funding completed - 32% Radiopharmaceutical doses - Potential Doses 1,967,707 2,113,396 1 Accelerator availability for 2009-10 was decreased compared with 2008-09 due to unplanned extended shutdown for maintenance and unavailability of parts. ANSTO Annual Report 2008-2009 a71 36 Financial statements 51 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Australian National Audit Office ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 52 Statement by Directors and Chief Financial Officer 53 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 54 Balance sheet as at 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 55 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Statement of cash flows for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 56 Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 57 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 58 Schedule of commitments not recognised as liabilities as at 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 59 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Schedule of contingencies as at 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 60 Schedule of asset additions for the year ended 30 June 2010 SCHEDULE OF ASSET ADDITIONS The following non-financial non-current assets were added in 2009-10: (Consolidated) Other Investment Heritage & property, plant Additions funded in the current year Land Buildings Properties cultural & equipment Intangibles Other Total $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 - gnidnuf tnemnrevoG - esahcrup yB 18,266 - - 41,198 10,286 - 69,750 -sdnuf detanod - esahcrup yB - - - 987 - - 987 -rehto - esahcrup yB - - - - - - - -esael ecnanif - esahcrup yB - - - - - - - -snoitanod/stfig sa deviecer stessA - - - - - - - From acquisition of entities or operations - - - - - - - -)gnirutcurtser gnidulcni( - - - - - - - Total additions funded in the current year- 18,266 - - 42,185 10,286 - 70,737 Additions recognised in 2009-10 - to be funded in future years Decommissioning costs - 10,869 - - 104,213 - - 115,082 by finance lease - future years - - - - - - - - Other - - - - - - - - Total additions funded in the future year - 10,869 - - 104,213 - - 115,082 -snoitidda tessa latoT 29,135 - - 146,398 10,286 - 185,819 The following non-financial non-assets were added in 2008-09 (Consolidated) Other Investment Heritage & property, plant Additions funded in the current year Land Buildings Properties cultural & equipment Intangibles Other Total $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 - gnidnuf tnemnrevoG - esahcrup yB 695 - - 41,611 3,544 - 45,850 -sdnuf detanod - esahcrup yB - - - - - - - -rehto - esahcrup yB - - - - - - - -esael ecnanif - esahcrup yB - - - - - - - -snoitanod/stfig sa deviecer stessA - - - - - - - - From acquisition of entities or operations - - - - - - - -)gnirutcurtser gnidulcni( - - - - - - - Total additions funded in the current year- 695 - - 41,611 3,544 - 45,850 Additions recognised in 2008-09 - to be funded in future years Decommissioning costs - - - - - - - - by finance lease - future years - - - - - - - - Other - - - - - - - - Total additions funded in the future year - - - - - - - - -snoitidda tessa latoT 695 - - 41,611 3,544 - 45,850 - Financial Statements 2009-2010 61 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Schedule of asset additions for the year ended 30 June 2010 The following non-financial non-assets were added in 2008-09 (ANSTO) Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 62 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 63 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Financial Statements 2009-2010 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 64 Financial Statements 2009-2010 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 65 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Financial Statements 2009-2010 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 66 Resources recieved free of charge Financial Statements 2009-2010 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 67 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Financial Statements 2009-2010 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 68 Financial Statements 2009-2010 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 69 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 70 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 71 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 72 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 73 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 74 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 75 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 76 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 77 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 78 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 79 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 80 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 81 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 82 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 83 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 84 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 85 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 86 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 87 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 88 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 89 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 90 Financial Statements 2009-2010 91 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 ANSTO Annual Report 2009-2010 a71 92 Notes to and forming part of the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2010 Financial Statements 2009-2010 93 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Governance and performance Governance and performance 95 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Compliance ANSTO is subject to the provisions of various Commonwealth Acts, Regulations made under these various Acts and Commonwealth Awards. The principal Act is the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Act 1987 (ANSTO Act). The principal Award is the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (General) Award 1990. Amendments to governance parts of the ANSTO Act There were no changes to the governance part of the ANSTO Act during 2009-10 reporting period. Nuclear liability The Minister executed a new Deed of Indemnity on 27 August 2008 for a period of ten years. The Indemnity commits the Government to meeting any damages awarded against ANSTO, its employees and its contractors for damage caused by ionising radiation whilst providing comfort to the local community and to ANSTO?s suppliers, who cannot be covered by ANSTO?s normal insurance arrangements and are not accustomed to being exposed to risks of this nature. Any claim would first attach to the general $50 million cover that ANSTO has with Comcover to the extent that it was insured under that policy, with the remainder covered by this indemnity agreement. The functions of the Board A Board established under Section 8 of the ANSTO Act governs ANSTO. The general functions of the Board, as set out in Section 10 of the ANSTO Act, are to ensure the proper and efficient performance of the functions of the organisation and to determine the policy of the organisation with respect to any matter, having regard to the current policies of the Commonwealth Government. In particular, it has responsibility for: ? approval of organisational strategy and the annual business plan and budget ? monitoring financial performance ? monitoring managerial performance ? ensuring that the significant risks facing the organisation have been identified, and that appropriate control, monitoring and reporting mechanisms are in place. The Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act (CAC Act) requires the Board to comply with certain accountability and corporate governance principles, including: ? the maintenance of an Audit Committee ? specific financial and reporting provisions ? disclosure of all Board members? personal interests ? provision of indemnities and indemnity insurance in certain circumstances. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 96 All CAC Act requirements are currently being met. Processes are in place for performance assessment of both the Board and its Audit & Risk Committee and individual members thereof. The Board has established an Audit & Risk Committee and a Remuneration Committee. All matters considered by those Committees are submitted to the Board for information and, where appropriate, ratification. Board Charter ANSTO has an established Board Charter, setting out the respective rights and responsibilities, functions and powers of Board members and ANSTO executives. It is made available internally on the ANSTO intranet site. Board membership During the 2009-10 financial year, the Board comprised eight non-executive members, drawn from the broader community, who are not involved in the day-to-day running of the organisation, and the Chief Executive Officer. The ANSTO Act provides that the Chief Executive Officer shall manage the affairs of the organisation, subject to the directions of, and in accordance with, policies determined by the Board. Senior management attend Board meetings as required to report on matters relevant to their individual areas of responsibility. Each member brings complementary skills and experience to the Board. Its members during the 2009-10 financial year had experience in areas that included industry, information and communication Meetings ? Board Member Eligible to attend Attended Dr Zygmunt Switkowski (Chair) 6 6 Professor David Copolov 6 5 Professor Paul Greenfield AO 6 6 Professor John Hearn 6 5 Ms Christine McLoughlin 6 6 Ms Erica Smyth 6 6 Mr William Scales AO 6 5 Professor Andrew M Scott 6 4 Dr Adrian Paterson (Chief Executive Officer) 6 6 97 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation technology, mining, scientific research, medicine and the commercialisation of research. The Board meets regularly in accordance with a formally approved timetable and agenda. Six Board meetings were held during the 2009-2010 financial year. Details of the number of Board meetings attended by each member during the financial year are included in this document. Board remuneration and allowances The remuneration and allowances of members of the Board, including the Chief Executive Officer, are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. Remuneration of members of the Board is disclosed in Note 14 of the Financial Statements. Disclosure of interests of Board Members Sections 27F-27K of the CAC Act provides for the disclosure of material personal interests in a matter that is being considered by the Board, and prohibits participation, deliberation and decision making by any member on such matters. All these requirements were met during the year. Board member access to independent professional advice The Board has established procedures by which members, in the interests of their duties, may seek independent professional advice at ANSTO?s expense. In brief, members must first seek permission from the ANSTO Chairman. Report of operations Section 9, Schedule 1 of the CAC Act requires that the Organisation?s Annual Report include a report of operations. The Commonwealth Authorities and Companies (Report of Operations) Orders 2005 set out the requirements for such a report. The Board reports that: ? ANSTO?s mission and strategic directions are being actioned ? Actual performance is reported against approved performance indicators ? There have been no significant changes in ANSTO?s state of affairs or principal activities during the year ? ANSTO has continued to manage both the risks and opportunities it faces. The Board reports that, in the opinion of senior management and the Board, at the time of making this report, adequate cash resources are, and will continue to be, available to cover ANSTO?s requirement for working capital, to pay existing debts, and meet obligations during the next financial year. The Board states that a risk oversight and management policy and supporting processes are in place and that adequate systems are in place to ensure compliance with this policy. Health, safety and environmental protection The Board places primary importance on the safe performance of all ANSTO Governance and performance ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 98 activities. The monitoring of health, safety and environmental protection in general and compliance with relevant legislation in particular, is designated as a responsibility of the whole Board. During 2009-10, ANSTO focussed on improving the organisational safety culture and on initiatives relating to key elements underpinning a good safety culture. These included a ?questioning attitude?, ?conservative decision making?, ?3-way communication? and a ?no blame culture?. A safety culture survey was conducted across the organisation, the outcome of which was an action plan to drive continuous improvement in safety culture over the coming year. Improvements were made to the event reporting system which has seen a significant improvement in the data, which will further drive continuous improvement in safety performance. Contractor safety management has been a key area of focus for the organisation, with the aim of integrating ANSTO?s contract partners into its safety culture and encouraging contractors to support ANSTO as a learning organisation by sharing elements of best safety practice. Audit & Risk Committee The Audit & Risk Committee, a formal sub-committee of the Board, comprised during the year: Mr W Scales AO; Professor P Greenfield AO; Professor AM Scott; Professor D Copolov; Professor J Hearn; Ms E Smyth; Ms C McLoughlin and a member external to ANSTO, Mr W Wilton. Mr Wilton is a Chartered Accountant. The Chair of the ANSTO Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, representatives of the Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) and the Chief Internal Auditor attended all meetings or relevant parts of all meetings by invitation. Others attend meetings, as appropriate, at the invitation of the Committee. In accordance with good practice, all Board members receive copies of Audit & Risk Committee papers and meeting minutes, and can attend Committee meetings as a right. This Committee was established by the Board under a formal written Charter to oversee the organisation?s risk management policies, practices and controls in relation to financial and commercial activities, including the financial reporting process, legislative and regulatory conformance, corporate governance and asset protection. Its Charter extends to the review of safety and environmental systems and performance. Additionally, in accordance with the provisions of the CAC Act, the Committee is responsible for assisting Board members to fulfil their specific responsibilities under that Act. The Committee has unlimited access to both the internal and external auditors and to senior management. The Committee scrutinises the annual financial statements of ANSTO and considers the appropriateness of accounting practices reflected therein. It receives a signed recommendation from the Chief Executive Officer, and the Chief 99 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Financial Officer, as to the veracity of the financial statements signed by the Board. Four Audit Committee meetings were held during the financial year. Details of the number of Committee meetings held and attended during the period in which each member held office during the financial year are provided in the table above. The Committee generally meets quarterly. The remuneration and allowances of Board members who are members of the Audit & Risk Committee are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. The remuneration of the External Representative is determined by the Board on appointment. Remuneration Committee The Remuneration Committee, a formal subcommittee of the Board, comprised during the year Dr Z Switkowski (Chair) and Mr W Scales. The Chief Executive Officer attends all meetings or relevant parts of all meetings by invitation. Others attend meetings, as appropriate, at the invitation of the Committee. This Committee was established by the Board under a formal written Charter to oversee: ? The overall remuneration policy and strategy for the organisation ? The performance and remuneration policies for the Chief Executive Officer ? The compliance of remuneration policies and practices with statutory and regulatory requirements. Governance and performance Meetings ? Audit & Risk Committee Member Eligible to attend Attended Mr William Scales AO (Chair) 4 4 Professor David Copolov 4 3 Professor Paul Greenfield AO 4 4 Professor John Hearn 4 3 Ms Christine McLoughlin 4 4 Professor Andrew M Scott 4 2 Ms Erica Smyth 4 4 Mr Warren Wilton (External Representative) 4 3 ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 100 Technical Advisory Committee The Technical Advisory Committee, which was originally established in accordance with a Board decision, was disbanded by the Board on 6 August 2009 and was replaced by an alternative review process of the Research Institutes. The new process involves a much more intensive and dedicated review of each Institute on a four year rolling basis. This involves internationally recognised experts reviewing research directions, quality and impact of research output, and other relevant activities, as well as governance and any other matters that may arise. In the current period the Bragg Institute was reviewed and the Board reviewed and deliberated on the report of the Review Committee. Induction and continuing professional development of ANSTO executives Processes are in place for induction and ongoing education to inform executives of their responsibilities and rights. New executives have access to appropriate induction documents and processes (including those relating to safety and security) and to ANSTO officers. Performance review for ANSTO executives All executives have performance objectives and targets and during the 2009-10 financial year performance reviews were conducted of the Chief Executive Officer and all other members of the senior management team. After the completion of 360 degree reviews of all Senior Executives conducted during 2009- 2010, individual development needs were identified and development programs put in place. Risk management The Board recognises that developing and implementing ANSTO?s strategies requires careful assessment and balancing of both risk and opportunity. The Board is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that appropriate policies are in place to cover identified risks, and management is required to develop appropriate procedures to manage these risks. The Board endorses the risk management framework implemented by management. As part of this framework, ANSTO undertakes a systematic program of risk assessments designed to identify, Meetings ? Remuneration Committee Member Eligible to attend Attended Dr Zygmunt Switkowski (Chair) 1 1 Mr William Scales AO 1 1 Governance and performance 101 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation evaluate and prioritise high and significant risks, utilising a methodology consistent with the Risk Management Standard (ISO 31000:2009). The Audit & Risk Committee receive summaries of all risk assessment reports. ANSTO has an Enterprise Risk Management Register, supported by individual operational level risk registers which are regularly reviewed by the ANSTO Risk Management Committee comprising of senior executives of the organisation. ANSTO?s risk management policy provides that it is the responsibility of the operational management of ANSTO to develop and implement risk mitigation strategies. The overall risk framework is actively applied in ANSTO?s operations and to new initiatives in particular. Project risk management remains a significant area of focus in particular capital works projects. In appropriate circumstances, insurance is used as a method to transfer the financial impact of risk. The Board, supported by the Audit & Risk Committee, oversees the development and operation of business continuity planning and other emerging risk issues. Ethical standards ANSTO?s ethics policy is set out in a document entitled Code of Ethics. The Code provides a reference point for ethical behaviour and applies to members of the Board, management and all staff. The Code sets out the standards for ethical behaviour and conduct and provides guidance by defining the expected values and standards of workplace behaviour and performance. Fraud control The organisation has an established fraud control policy and plan, in line with the Fraud Control Policy of the Commonwealth and guidelines set out by the Attorney General?s Department, Criminal Justice Division. External audit Under Section 8 of the CAC Act the Commonwealth Auditor-General, through the ANAO, is the external auditor for ANSTO. The ANAO, as a matter of policy, provides only audit services to ANSTO. The Audit & Risk Committee reviews the ANAO audit plan and reports and meets with ANAO representatives prior to recommending to the Board that the financial statements be accepted and the Statement by Directors signed. Internal audit The ANSTO Internal Audit function has a dual reporting line to the Audit & Risk Committee and the Chief Executive Officer. Its responsibility is to provide an independent, risk-based review function, as set out in a formal charter periodically reviewed by the Audit & Risk Committee and endorsed by the Board. The Audit & Risk Committee approves the annual internal audit plan and receives regular reports on progress against that plan. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 102 Internal control The Board is responsible for ensuring that appropriate policies and internal controls are in place and operating. Compliance and review are monitored through the Audit & Risk Committee and the internal audit function. Service Charter ANSTO?s Service Charter sets out a statement of what ANSTO does and the standard of products and services that customers, stakeholders and the community can expect from the organisation. Judicial decisions and reviews by outside bodies There were no judicial decisions or decisions of administrative tribunals that had a significant impact on the operations of ANSTO during the reporting year. There were no specific reports issued by the Commonwealth Auditor-General, other than that issued in relation to the 2009- 2010 financial statements. There were no reports on the operations of ANSTO by a Parliamentary Committee or the Commonwealth Ombudsman during the reporting year. Ministerial directions There were no ministerial directions to ANSTO made under either the ANSTO Act or the CAC Act during the reporting year. Statement of Expectations The Board approved and signed the Statement of Intent for ANSTO which acknowledges and responds to the Statement of Expectations from the Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research. This Statement recognises and ensures that ANSTO will play an active role in implementing Australia?s innovation agenda outlined in Powering Ideas: An Innovation Agenda for the 21st Century. Further, it recognises ANSTO?s commitment to undertake research and deliver outcomes relevant to the National Research Priorities, including supporting an environmentally sustainable Australia; promoting and maintaining good health; developing frontier technologies for building and transforming Australian industries; and safeguarding Australia. Indemnities and insurance premiums for officers ANSTO?s insurance coverage includes professional indemnity and directors? and officers? liability. Certain sections of the CAC Act contain prohibitions against ANSTO giving indemnities and paying insurance premiums relating to liabilities arising from conduct involving a lack of good faith by officers. There have been no exceptions to these provisions and no claims were made against ANSTO in respect of such liability that required a claim on ANSTO?s insurer, Comcover. 103 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Business continuity planning Continuity of ANSTO business is a critical issue that has been considered and planned for by the Board, the Chief Executive Officer and senior management. Many services delivered by ANSTO are critical to the economic and social well- being of our society. A failure to deliver these could have significant consequences for those concerned. As a consequence, ANSTO regularly reviews all aspects of its business continuity management to ensure a constant state of readiness. In 2007-2008 ANSTO?s crisis management plan was updated and will next be reviewed in 2010-2011. ANSTO completed development and testing of a full set of plans during 2009-2010. A test schedule is in place and is being monitored, additionally plans are scheduled to be reviewed and updated annually. Governance and performance ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 104 Appendices 105 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Appendix 1 Equality of Employment Opportunity Objectives 1.To ensure that Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) principles and practices are actively incorporated into all people management practices. 2.To ensure that the structures and processes used to implement EEO adjust to changing employment needs. 3.To confirm and communicate the vision that ANSTO?s employment activities reflect ANSTO?s values. ANSTO actively seeks to implement EEO and diversity principles in its management practices. Human resource processes operate within the ISO 9001 framework. Equality of employment opportunity Number employed % of total staff Average salary 2008-2009 2009-2010 2008-2009 2009-2010 2008-2009 2009-2010 Female 250 291 27% 28% $66,030 $69,499 Male 676 757 73% 72% $81,107 $84,486 Number employed % of total staff Average salary 2008-2009 2009-2010 2008-2009 2009-2010 2008-2009 2009-2010 People with disabilities 11 11 1% 1.05% $69,847 $88,264 Aboriginal & Torres 9 9 1% 0.9% $74,294 $74,404 Straight Islander Non-English speaking 195 273 21% 26.05% $81,233 $83,690 background Family services and on site childcare ANSTO has partnered with Expect A Star Education Services to provide a range of family services, including affordable vacation care on ANSTO?s Southern Sydney campus during school holidays. Staff who register with Expect A Star can access parenting seminars, as well as a range of qualified, background checked, and First Aid-trained nannies, babysitters and emergency care workers. Online resources include a childcare search function, as well as articles about the childcare industry and tips on dealing with behavioural issues. Appendix 2 Functions and powers of the Organisation under the ANSTO Act ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 106 This appendix describes the functions and powers of the organisation under the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Act 1987 (ANSTO Act), which is ANSTO?s enabling legislation. In the text below, ?Organisation? means the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Section 5: Functions of the Organisation (1) The functions of the Organisation are: (a) to undertake research and development in relation to: (i) nuclear science and nuclear technology; and (ia) the application and use of nuclear science and nuclear technology; and (ii) the production and use of radioisotopes, and the use of isotopic techniques and nuclear radiation, for medicine, science, industry, commerce and agriculture; and (iii) such other matters as the Minister directs; and (b) to encourage and facilitate the application and use of the results of such research and development; and (ba) to condition, manage and store radioactive materials and radioactive waste, arising from: (i) the Organisation?s activities (including the production of radioactive materials for other persons); or (ii) the activities of companies in which the Organisation holds a controlling interest (including the production of radioactive materials for other persons); or (iii) the use by other persons of radioactive materials produced by the Organisation or such companies; or (iv) the activities of other persons who are specified in the regulations; and (bb) to condition, manage and store radioactive materials and radioactive waste generated, possessed or controlled by the Commonwealth or a Commonwealth entity; and (bc) to condition, manage and store radioactive materials and radioactive waste at the request of: (i) a law enforcement agency; or (ii) a Commonwealth, State or Territory agency responsible for the management of emergencies or disasters; 107 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Appendix 2 Functions and powers of the Organisation under the ANSTO Act including, but not limited to, radioactive materials or radioactive waste involved in, or arising out of, a radiological incident or a radiological emergency; and (bd) to condition, manage and store radioactive waste that has been, or is to be, sent to Australia under contractual arrangements relating to the conditioning or reprocessing of ANSTO spent nuclear fuel; and (c) to produce, acquire, provide and sell goods, and to provide services, that are: (i) in connection with the production and use of radioisotopes, and the use of isotopic techniques and nuclear radiation, for medicine, science, industry, commerce and agriculture; or (ia) in connection with the conditioning, management and storage of radioactive materials or radioactive waste; or (ib) in connection with nuclear science and nuclear technology; or (ic) in connection with the application and use of nuclear science and nuclear technology; or (ii) otherwise in connection with matters related to its activities; and (d) to act as a means of liaison between Australia and other countries in matters related to its activities; and (e) to provide advice on aspects of: (i) nuclear science and nuclear technology; and (ii) the application and use of nuclear science and nuclear technology; and (iii) other matters related to its activities; and (ea) to make available to other persons, on a commercial basis, the knowledge, expertise, equipment, facilities, resources and property of the Organisation by: (i) providing training and management expertise; or (ii) selling or leasing equipment; or (iii) leasing land, buildings and facilities; or (iv) taking any other action that the Organisation thinks appropriate; and (f) to cooperate with appropriate authorities of the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories, and with other organisations and institutions in Australia or elsewhere, in matters related to its activities; and ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 108 (g) to publish scientific and technical reports, periodicals and papers on matters related to its activities; and (h) to collect and sell or distribute, as appropriate, information and advice on matters related to its activities; and (j) to arrange for training, and the establishment and award of scientific research studentships and fellowships, in matters related to its activities; and (k) to make grants in aid of research into matters related to its activities; and (m) to make arrangements with universities and other educational research institutions, professional bodies and other persons for the conduct of research or of other activities in matters related to its activities. (1A) A regulation made for the purposes of subparagraph (1)(ba)(iv) must not have the effect of authorising the premises on which the Lucas Heights Research Laboratories are situated to become a national nuclear waste repository. (1B) In subsection (1A): national nuclear waste repository means a site chosen by the Commonwealth, after the commencement of this subsection, for the storage of nuclear waste with a view to it never being moved to another site. (1C) Without limiting paragraph 5(1)(bb): (a) radioactive materials and radioactive waste generated by a Commonwealth contractor under a contract between the Commonwealth contractor and the Commonwealth or a Commonwealth entity are taken to be generated by the Commonwealth or the Commonwealth entity, as the case requires; and (b) radioactive materials and radioactive waste possessed or controlled by a Commonwealth contractor under a contract between the Commonwealth contractor and the Commonwealth or a Commonwealth entity are taken to be possessed or controlled by the Commonwealth or the Commonwealth entity, as the case requires. (2) The Organisation shall not undertake research or development into the design or production of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. (3) In undertaking its functions, the Organisation is to have regard to: (a) the Commonwealth Government?s national science, technology and energy policy objectives; and (b) the Commonwealth Government?s commercialisation objectives for public research institutions. Appendix 2 Functions and powers of the Organisation under the ANSTO Act 109 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Appendix 2 Functions and powers of the Organisation under the ANSTO Act (4) The Minister shall not give a direction under subparagraph (1)(a)(iii) to the Organisation to undertake research or development in relation to a matter unless the Minister is satisfied that research or development by the Organisation in relation to that matter would be an effective use of the staff of the Organisation, and would not duplicate unnecessarily any activity being carried on, or proposed to be carried on, by any other agency or authority of the Commonwealth. (5) The Organisation may perform its functions to the extent only that they are not in excess of the functions that may be conferred on it by virtue of any of the legislative powers of the Parliament, and, in particular, may perform its functions: (a) in so far as it is appropriate for those functions to be performed by the Organisation on behalf of the Government of the Commonwealth as the national Government of Australia; and (b) for purposes for which it is appropriate for the Parliament as the national Parliament of Australia to authorise the Organisation to perform functions; and (c) by way of expenditure of money that is available for the purposes of the Organisation in accordance with an appropriation made by the Parliament; and (d) in the course of, or in relation to, trade and commerce with other countries, among the States, between Territories or between a Territory and a State; and (e) for purposes related to external affairs; and (f) for purposes in or in relation to a Territory; and (g) for purposes related to the defence of the Commonwealth. Section 6: General powers of Organisation (1) Subject to this Act, the Organisation has power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with the performance of its functions and, in particular, has power: (a) to enter into contracts; (b) to acquire, hold and dispose of real or personal property; (c) to occupy, use and control any land or building owned or held under lease by the Commonwealth and made available for the purposes of the Organisation; (d) to erect buildings and structures and carry out works; (e) to form, or participate in the formation of, a company or partnership; (f) to appoint agents and attorneys, and to act as an agent for other persons; ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 110 (g) to engage persons to perform services for the Organisation; (h) to design, produce, construct and operate equipment and facilities; and (j) to do anything incidental to any of its powers. (2) The powers of the Organisation may be exercised within or outside Australia. (3) To avoid doubt, the Organisation has the power to construct buildings and facilities for the sole purpose of performing the function referred to in paragraph 5(1)(ea). Appendix 2 Functions and powers of the Organisation under the ANSTO Act 111 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Appendix 3 Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), section 516A Environmental Protection ANSTO is committed to operating in a manner that protects the environment and is consistent with Australian and international standards. Environmental awareness is promoted throughout the organisation which strives for continual improvement in environmental performance. Environmental management system To provide assurance that ANSTO is maintaining sound environmental protection practices, we maintain an environmental management system (EMS) that is certified to the International Standard ISO 14001. This standard requires that environmental risks and legal requirements are understood and managed, an appropriate measurement and review system is in operation, and that there is an organisational commitment to continual improvement. In addition all parts of our environmental monitoring program operate within a quality system certified to the ISO 9001:2000 standard for Quality Management Systems. Environmental performance Accurate measurements with independent verification ANSTO conducts an extensive environmental monitoring program that measures radioactivity in authorised airborne emissions and liquid effluent discharges to the sewer, and in samples of air, surface water, ground water, sediment and biota from the local environment. General environmental radiation is also monitored and local weather patterns reported. Many monitoring capabilities are independently verified. Environmental monitoring in 2009-2010 confirmed that ANSTO?s authorised releases of radioactive material to the air and sewer had minimal impact on the environment, and that the modern OPAL reactor has significantly reduced the contribution made by ANSTO?s research reactor to the already tiny potential public dose from liquid and airborne emissions. Emissions to air Since the levels of radioactivity released to air are low, computer modelling is used to estimate the potential radiation doses to people at various distances from the site. The measured stack discharges and concurrent weather data are inputs to the model, which incorporates conservative assumptions about occupancy and food consumption. The maximum public dose estimated for ANSTO?s airborne emissions in 2009-2010 was 0.00072 mSv. This corresponds to less than 0.1 per cent of the annual public dose limit of 1.0 mSv, established by ARPANSA and continues the pattern of decreased dose estimates over the previous ten years (see graph on following page). For our closest neighbours, ANSTO?s activities added less than 0.05 per cent to the 1.5mSv dose that every Australian receives from natural background radiation every year. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 112 Liquid effluent discharges within limits Effluent discharged from ANSTO into the sewer complied with all limits for radioactive discharges, in accordance with the Trade Waste Agreement with Sydney Water. Compliance with these limits ensures that water at the Cronulla sewage treatment plant meets World Health Organisation drinking water standards for radioactivity. Concentration limits for non- radioactive materials such as ammonia, zinc and total dissolved solids were also met. Sydney Water conducts independent testing of liquid effluent discharges to sewer and the Trade Waste Agreement is periodically reviewed to provide assurance that ANSTO?s discharges remain within authorised limits and pose no threat to the environment. Effluent from the Sutherland Shire undergoes tertiary treatment at the Cronulla sewage treatment plant and is ultimately discharged to the ocean at Potter Point. A study carried out for marine biota in the receiving environment at Potter Point has confirmed that the radiological risk to marine life from ANSTO?s liquid effluent discharges is negligible. Good water quality ANSTO regularly monitors stormwater leaving the site, as well as sampling the nearby Woronora River. Results show that concentrations of tritiated water in the environment have decreased since the HIFAR reactor closed in January 2007, and are well below the level considered safe for Australian drinking water. Gross alpha and beta measurements were also below the levels required for stormwater/surface waters, following the NSW Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997. In fact, most measurements were below the stricter screening levels from the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). Maximum annual effective dose from LHSTC airborne discharges at the 1.6 km boundary of ANSTO?s buffer zone, 2000 to 2010 2008-2009 2009-20102007-20082006-20072005-20062004-20052003-20042002-20032001 Appendix 3 Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act),section 516A 113 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Appendix 3 Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), section 516A ANSTO's stormwater does not contribute to any public water supply. However, referring to the ADWG provides a useful context for understanding our data. Monitoring of groundwater at the Southern Sydney site showed no detectable ANSTO-produced radionuclides apart from very low levels of tritium. Detailed reporting The results and findings from our environmental monitoring program are available to the public in the annual report series Environmental and Effluent Monitoring at ANSTO Sites, available on the ANSTO website. ANSTO also reports annually to the Department of Environment and Heritage about any of its activities that fall under the National Environmental Protection Measures. Overall, ANSTO commits significant resources to effectively monitor, manage and report on its environmental impacts and responsibilities. Ecologically sustainable development (ESD) ANSTO?s commitment to environmental protection and sustainability principles is embedded at the highest level. The organisation has defined strategic directions which inform its social, economic and environmental core values. These priorities are integral to ANSTO?s Business Management System ? the framework that defines how business is conducted to deliver outcomes to our customers and stakeholders in a safe, consistent and environmentally responsible manner. Specific local arrangements and objectives for protecting human health, safeguarding our operations and minimising our environmental footprint derive from these overarching documents. ANSTO activities that contribute to ESD include our research into significant environmental issues such as dry land salinity, water management, human impacts on climate variability and purification of waste water. This research enhances scientific knowledge and improves environmental outcomes. ANSTO?s active support of nuclear non- proliferation ideals and the development of nuclear safeguards through its collaborative research with bodies such as the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organisation, also accords with ESD principles. Finally, ANSTO?s commitment to sound environmental management and ecologically sustainable development means that special emphasis is placed on reducing the environmental footprint by minimising waste production and the consumption of resources such as paper, electricity and water, and by recycling consumables. It also ensures that we manage our past and current waste in a manner that protects human health and the environment, now and in the future. ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 114 Safety arrangements ANSTO is committed to ensuring a safe and healthy environment for employees, visitors, contractors and the external community. ANSTO strives, through a process of continuous improvement, to fully integrate health, safety and environment into all aspects of its activities. All ANSTO activities are governed by a ?safety first? philosophy that means work is planned and will only be performed if it is judged to be safe. Safety and environmental principles, values and commitments are set out in the ANSTO Health, Safety and Environment Policy which is supported by a framework of documents that constitutes our safety management system. Key elements of the safety system are: ? documented requirements and guidance ? formal review and approval of potentially hazardous work ? auditing and evaluation of safety performance ? communication of safety issues and performance to workers and the community. ANSTO fosters a cooperative, consultative relationship with employees and contractors regarding health, safety and welfare by having established: ? Occupational, health, safety and environmental management arrangements (OHSEMA) ? designated work groups (DWGs) ? health and safety representatives (HSRs) ? health and safety committees (HSCs). Accidents and incidents An important part of ANSTO?s safety management system is the capturing of information on all safety-related events including accidents and ?near misses?. This ensures the proper investigation of all such events and the implementation of safety improvements. It also gives us data to drive improvements in ANSTO?s safety performance. One key indicator of safety performance is the percentage of near miss events reported. An emphasis on the reporting of ?near misses? is essential for a robust safety culture and continuous safety improvement. 2009-2010 saw an increase in the number of near miss events reported with 76.5 per cent of events reported offering an opportunity for improvement before an injury occurred. ANSTO also works with its regulators to improve OHS across site. In 2009-2010 ANSTO informed Comcare of 11 notifiable incidents. One of these was a Serious Personal Injury, nine were Dangerous Occurrences (one was a retrospective notification dating back to 2008-2009) and one was an Incapacity resulting in more than 30 days off work. Safety Initiatives The following initiatives contributed to ANSTO?s commitment to the health and Appendix 4 Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991, section 74 115 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Appendix 4 Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991, section 74 safety of employees, visitors and contractors. ? Electrical Safety toolbox talk rollout ? provide up to date information on the organisation requirement for working with electricity ? Contractor Management Review ? improve the training and management of contractors on site ? Event Reporting ? review the investigative protocols used to improve responsiveness ? Emergency Exercise ? ANSTO regularly, along with NSW Emergency Services Organisations, tests its emergency management arrangements. ? Men?s Health Program ? onsite medical appointments targeting men?s health issues ? Women?s Health Program ? onsite medical appointments targeting women?s health issues ? Bowel Screening ? in line with the annual Rotary initiative, free screening kits were made available for all staff ? Flu Vaccination Program ? free vaccinations available for employees and contractors. In 2009-2010 ANSTO employees and contractors supported the Australian Red Cross through the mobile blood donor services, held on site over eight days. Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulations 1999, Statutory Rules 1999 No. 37 as amended. Occupational Radiation Exposure Everyone is exposed to ionising radiation from natural sources. People may also be exposed to radiation from non-natural sources, including nuclear medical procedures for diagnosis and treatment of certain illnesses. Personal radiation exposure (?dose?) is measured in sieverts (Sv), however, typical annual exposures are so small that they are usually expressed in units of one thousandth of a sievert, known as a millisievert (mSv). According to the most recent data from ARPANSA, the average dose an Australian receives from natural background radiation (excluding medical sources) is 1.5 mSv per year. Federal and State regulations require that a member of the public should receive no more than 1 mSv per year from radiation sources other than background radiation and medical procedures. The regulatory limit for radiation workers is 20 mSv per year, averaged over five years, with no more than 50 mSv in any one year. This is derived from recommendations made by the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP), who have specified three basic principles for radiation protection, which are applied at ANSTO: ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 116 1 All exposures to ionising radiation shall have a positive net benefit 2 All exposures shall be maintained As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA), accounting for social and economic factors 3 All exposures shall be less than the relevant statutory limit. The application of these principles, requires us to ensure that our occupational exposures are not just less than the statutory dose limit(s), but are as far below them as we can reasonably achieve. To this end ANSTO has imposed its own annual dose constraint of 15 mSv to any member of staff, visitor or contractor. The radiation exposure of ANSTO?s workers who are routinely engaged in working with ionising radiation, is monitored by our specialist dosimetry service, with records of all exposures maintained. Monitoring results for 2009- 2010 show that the radiation doses received by ANSTO workers remain significantly below regulatory limits. Table 1 shows the maximum, average and collective effective doses for the past five years. Collective effective dose is the total cumulative dose to an exposed group, in this case all ANSTO personnel registered with our radiation dosimetry service. Table 2 shows the distribution of individual effective doses over the same period. The graph in Figure 1 compares maximum and average effective doses. Regulations give annual dose limits for radiation workers for the whole body (effective dose), for the skin (shallow dose) and for extremities such as hands or feet. The dose limits are: Appendix 4 Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991, section 74 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Maximum effective dose mSv 10.2 9.4 8.9 8.6 7.0 Average effective dose mSv 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 Collective effective dose person-mSv 690 545 531 542 399 dose ranges (mSv) 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 0 to < 2 751 926 914 907 890 2 to < 5 61 41 36 37 28 5 to < 10 28 13 13 12 8 10 to < 15 1 0 0 0 0 > 15 1 0 0 0 0 Table 1: Effective dose Table 2: Distribution of individual effective dose 117 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 2008-2009 2009-20102007-20082006-20072005-2006 ? whole body 20 mSv, averaged over five years ? shallow (skin) 500 mSv ? extremities 500 mSv. Emergency preparedness and responses ANSTO and emergency services organisations jointly maintain a 24-hour emergency response capability to deal with incidents at ANSTO?s Southern Sydney campus. The Response Plan for Accidents and Incidents describes how an emergency response will be coordinated and identifies who is responsible for which actions. Each organisation has standing procedures detailing each individual response. NSW emergency services manage responses to emergencies with potential significant offsite radiological consequences at state level according to the Lucas Heights Emergency Sub Plan. There is also a district-level Lucas Heights Emergency Evacuation Sub Plan supporting these arrangements. In the event of an emergency, ANSTO staff would give technical assistance and practical support to emergency service organisations. ANSTO maintains a close working relationship with emergency service organisations through the Local Liaison Working Party. The working party includes ANSTO specialists and representatives of emergency service organisations, local government, and support organisations, including NSW Health. ARPANSA is an observer. An ongoing program of emergency training and evacuation drills is in place for all of site. Staff in each work area undergo training in the local emergency response protocols and are familiarised with the appropriate muster points. This training is supplemented with evacuation drills that are run with the respective Building Wardens. ANSTO staff continued to run the Radiological Awareness Program for local emergency service organisations and functional groups in cooperation with ARPANSA. Specific radiological training is also provided to the NSW Fire Brigade members as part of their HAZMAT training. Appendix 4 Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991, section 74 ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 118 The Freedom of Information Act 1982 (FOI Act) provides the public with a general right of access to documents held by Australian Government agencies, including ANSTO. This general right is limited by exceptions to protect essential public interests, including the privacy of individuals and the business affairs of those who give information to the agency. The following information is provided in compliance with Section 8 of the FOI Act. Details of the functions of the organisation, membership of the Board and decision-making powers of the Board and the Executive are provided on pages 95, 96 and 105. Arrangements for external participation Liaison groups The Local Liaison Working Party (LLWP), established in 1967, comprises representatives from the NSW Police, Ambulance, Fire Brigades, Rural Fire Service, the NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, the NSW Department of Health, the Australian Federal Police, the Georges River District Emergency Management Officer, the State Emergency Management Committee, the State Emergency Service, Sutherland Shire Council and ANSTO, as well as an observer from ARPANSA. The LLWP is a communication forum for all parties which play a role in emergency preparedness and response at ANSTO?s Southern Sydney campus. ANSTO state government arrangements Given that ANSTO is located in New South Wales, it liaises with a range of NSW departments and authorities responsible for safety, environmental planning and related matters. Associated organisations AINSE, an association of ANSTO, the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Science (New Zealand), and 39 universities, arrange access by staff and students of Australasian universities to the major facilities at ANSTO. Other arrangements Less formal arrangements exist for promoting discussions, the exchange of views and/or collaboration with organisations outside the Commonwealth Government. These organisations include local government authorities, universities, standards bodies, professional societies, unions and staff associations, industrial groups and international nuclear agencies. Categories of documents held Computer software packages, computer printouts, technical books and reports, and International Nuclear Information System documents are available for purchase. Single copies of the annual report, Nuclear Matters (staff newsletter), strategic plans, ANSTO emergency plans, environmental monitoring reports, general information literature, videos and DVDs (under loan arrangements) are appropriately available on request. Appendix 5 Freedom of Information Act 1982, subsection 8(1) 119 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Appendix 5 Freedom of Information Act 1982, subsection 8(1) Documents relating to decision-making processes include Cabinet documents about matters in which ANSTO has an interest; ministerial correspondence and directions; ANSTO Board agenda, memoranda and decisions; deeds, legal contracts and formal agreements; minutes and submissions; employment, delegations, security, finance and accounting handbooks and manuals. General correspondence includes: ministerial briefs; speeches; conference papers for national and international meetings; parliamentary questions and answers; cables, telexes and facsimiles; and general records files. Technical documents held include: scientific and technical reports and laboratory notes comprising patents and inventions; computer media; plant and equipment operating manuals; maintenance, quality assurance and safety manuals; reactor operating authorisations, records and log books; radioisotope quality control procedures manuals; radioisotope catalogues and price lists; engineering service general records; nuclear material movement vouchers and accounting records; photographs; and radiographs. Health and safety documents include: staff medical records; safety-related survey records; film badge and radiological records; accident reports; and emergency response procedures. Administration documents held include: personnel records such as staff promotion files; ANSTO awards; organisation and establishment reports; compensation files; computer media with administrative instructions and information storage; staff lists and classifications; mailing lists; visitor and contractor records; Freedom of Information requests; accounting records; pay-roll, flexitime and overtime records; tender and contract documents; building plans, specifications and instructions; directives; orders; memoranda; bulletins; notices; and information. Other documents held include drawing office records such as plans, microfilm, drawings, maps and photographs. Facilities for access By arrangement, FOI inquirers can peruse information in the Visitors Centre at the entrance to ANSTO. Information about ANSTO is also available on the internet through the organisation?s homepage at www.ansto.gov.au. ANSTO also has a free enquiry service for members of the public, which is outlined in the Community Right to Know Charter available at www.ansto.gov.au. Interested parties are encouraged to contact enquiries@ansto.gov.au for any further information. Members of the public may also obtain access to scientific publications from ANSTO Publications Online at apo.ansto.gov.au Contact FOI requests and other arrangements for access to documents should be directed to FOI Coordinator, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC NSW 2232, Australia or via email to government.liaison@ansto.gov.au ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 120 Index of compliance with reporting guidelines under various Acts, Regulations and Orders applicable to ANSTO as a Commonwealth authority ANSTO Act 1987 (As amended) Functions and Powers 106 Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Orders (Financial statements for reporting periods ending on or after 30 June 2005) under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 (As amended) Financial statements and reports 51 Commonwealth Authorities and Companies (Report of Operations) Orders 2005 under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 (As amended) Certification of report of operations ii Enabling legislation 2, 95 Responsible minister 2 Board members Names, qualifications, experience and special responsibilities, meeting attendance 3-4, 95-103 Organisational structure and location of major activities and facilities 1, 5-6 Review of operations for year and future prospects 17-47, 97 Judicial decisions and reviews by outside bodies 102 Statement on governance 95-103 Effects of ministerial directions 102 Indemnities and insurance premiums for officers 102 Requirements under other guidelines and legislation Service charter 102 Ecologically sustainable development and environmental performance 111-113 Freedom of information 118-119 Occupational health and safety 114-117 Fraud control 101 Equality of employment opportunity 105 Appendix 6 Index of compliance with reporting guidelines 121 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Acronyms ADWG Australian Drinking Water Guidelines AEIFRS Australian Equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards AINSE Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering ALARA As Low as Reasonably Achievable AMT Australian Membrane Technologies ANAO Australian National Audit Office ANSTO Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation ANTARES Australian National Tandem Accelerator for Applied Research ARI ANSTO Radiopharmaceuticals and Industrials (ANSTO Health) ARPANSA Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency BMRI Brain and Mind Research Institute CAC Act Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 CEA French Atomic Energy Commission CERN European Organisation for Nuclear Research DIISR Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research EEO Equal Employment Opportunity EMS Environmental Management System ESD Ecologically Sustainable Development FDG Fluorodeoxyglucose FOI Freedom of Information GATRI Gamma Technology Research Irradiator HIFAR High Flux Australian Reactor HIP hot isostatic pressing IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ISO International Organisation for Standardisation KAERI Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute LLWP Local Liaison Working Party mSv millisieverts NCRIS National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy NDA Nuclear Decommissioning Authority NSW New South Wales OPAL Open Pool Australian Light-water reactor PBR Peripheral-type Benzodiazepine Receptor PET Positron Emission Tomography PSSap PSS accumulation Plan STAR Small Tandem Accelerator for Applied Research Sv Sieverts USDOE US Department of Energy UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 122 Index A ABC Catalyst, 38 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), 38 accelerator science, 35 Access to Major Research Facilities Program (AMRFP), 43 adiabatic thermal softening, 30 alloys, in-situ insights, 27 Alpha-Synuclein, 20 Alzheimer's disease, 40 AMMRF see Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility (AMMRF) ANSTO see Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) ANSTO Health, 40 ANSTO Minerals, 40?1 ARI see ANSTO Health atomistic modelling, 28?9 ATSE Clunies Ross Lifetime Contribution Award, 10, 39 audit external, 101 internal, 101 Audit & Risk Committee, 95, 98?9, 101 meetings, 99 Australian Atomic Energy Commission, 39 Australian Award for Excellence in Education and Publishing, 39 Australian Coal Association, 37 Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE), 43 Australian Membrane Technologies Pty Ltd (AMT), 42 Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility (AMMRF), 43 Australian Museum, 38 Australian National Audit Office (ANAO), 98, 101 Australian National Tandem Accelerator for Applied Research (ANTARES), 11, 35 Australian National University, 9, 43 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) awards, 10, 38?9 Board members, 3?4 businesses, 40?2 commercial activities, 1 Distinguished Lecture Series, 38 environment protection, 110?13 external earnings, 40 external revenue outcomes, 14 family services, 105 functions and powers under ANSTO Act, 106?10 health and safety, 97?8 international activities, 17?18 main site location, 2 management team, 5?6 Minister responsible for, 2 mission, 2 nuclear infrastructure, 1 on site childcare, 105 Open Day, 37 partnerships and associated organisations, 43?7 policy advice, 1, 7?8, 19 123 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Index purpose, 1 research and innovation, 1 sponsorships, 38 staff, 38?9, 105 strategic directions, 2 tours, 36?7 vision, 2 visitors, 36?7 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Act 1987 (ANSTO Act), 2, 95,106?10 amendments, 95 functions and powers of ANSTO under, 106?10 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (General) Award 1990, 95 Australian Physical Environment, The, 39 Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), 17 Australian Research Council Discovery Project, 27 Australian Scientific Instruments Pty Ltd (ASI), 23 Australian Synchrotron, the, 9, 43?5 B Banati, Professor Richard, 5?6, 20 Bayer Schering Pharma, 40 Beasley, Burt, 37 Beazley, Hon. Kim, 17 Bendeich, Dr Philip, 30 Bigot, Professor Bernard, 45 Bilby - time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument, 11, 33 bioengineering, 20 BIO-GILL Environmental Pty Ltd, 42 Biology and Synchrotron Radiation (BSR), 45 Blees, Tom, 38 Board access to independent advice, 97 charter, 96 committees, 96 disclosure of interests, 97 functions, 95?6 meetings, 96?7 members, 3?4 membership, 96?7 remuneration, 97 Report of Operations, 97 Statement of Intent, 102 Boldeman, Professor John, 10, 39 Bragg Institute, 13, 33, 44, 100 Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI), 46 Brennan Medal, 10, 39 Bronze Age origins (China), 23 business continuity planning, 103 C Callaghan, Dr Paul, 21 cancer treatment, 34 cannabinoids research, 21?2 Carr, Senator Hon. Kim, 2, 7, 43?4 Cendon, Dr Dioni, 25 Centre for Accelerator Science, 9?11, 35 CeramiSphere, 42 Chairman?s Report, 7?8 ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 124 Index Chief Executive Officer's Report, 9?10 Chubb, Vice-Chancellor Professor Ian, 43 climate change, 19 research, 23?6 Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources, 18 Code of Ethics, 101 Cohen, Dr David, 25?6 Commonwealth Auditor-General, 101 Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act (CAC Act), 95?8, 101 community visitors, 36?7 compliance with legislation, 2, 95 compliance with reporting guidelines, 120 Computational Techniques for Multiphase Flows 39 Cooper Creek floodplain, 25 Copolov, Professor David, 3?4, 98?9 Cowley, Professor Michael, 38 cryomagnet/dilution refrigerator, 11 Curtin University of Technology, 9, 45 D Dalton, Dr Victoria, 22 Danilikin, Dr Sergey, 28 Deakin University, 27 Deed of Indemnity, 95 Delayed Neutron Activation Analysis (DNAA), 32 'dense star' polymer, 21 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), 17 deuterium, 33 Dingo - tomography instrument and imaging station, 11, 33 Distinguished Lecture Series, 38 Dodson, Professor John, 10, 23, 39 ductile material response to dynamic loading, 30 E Echidna - high-resolution powder diffractometer, 32 Emu - back-scattering spectrometer, 11, 33 Enterprise Risk Management Register, 101 Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), 111?13 epilepsy research, 21 epileptogenesis, 21 Equality of Employment Opportunity, 105 ethical standards, 101 'Eureka Moments', 38 Eureka Prize People's Choice Award, 10, 38 European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), 9, 22, 45 executives continuing professional development, 100 induction, 100 performance review, 100 Expect A Star Education Services, 105 external audit, 101 external radiation services, 41 F FluoroDeoxyGlucose (FDG) production facility, 41?2 125 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Index [Fluorine-18]-PBR111, 21 fluoronicotineamide radiotracers, 22 food science, 22 fraud control, 101 Freedom of Information Act 1982, 118?19 French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), 9, 45 fruit fly control, 35 Fulbright Scholarship, 38 G gallium-67 (GA-67), 34, 35 Gamma Technology Research Irradiator (GATRI), 35 Gilbert, Dr Elliot, 22 global partnerships, 1, 9?10, 17?18, 23, 43?7 GNS Science, 43 Green, Dr Barry, 38 Greenfield, Professor Paul, AO, 3?4, 98 Gregoire, Dr Marie-Claude, 20, 21 Greguric, Dr Ivan, 20 groundwater research, 25 H Hankin, Stuart, 25 Hearn, Professor John, 3?4, 98 heat materials, effect on, 28 Heng Yeoh, Dr Guan, 10, 39 HIFAR reactor, decommissioning, 35 highlights, 11?14 Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP), 10, 13, 18, 27?8 Hotchkis, Dr Mike 23, 24 House Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Innovation, 19 Hua, Dr Quan, 23?4 Huon pine (Tasmania), 23?4 I indemnities, 102 Institute for Environmental Research, 39 Institute of Chemical Engineers (UK), 10, 39 insurance, 102 internal audit, 101 internal control, 102 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 17?18 International Decommissioning Network, 17 International Expert Group on Nuclear Liability (INLEX), 18 iodine-123 mIBG, 34?5 iodine-131 (I-131), 34 IRMS++ mass spectrometer, 23, 24 irradiation facility, 35 J Jenolan cave-formation growth research, 24?5 Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade, 19 Jones, Jacob, 28 judicial decisions, 102 Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR), 45 K Katsifis, Dr Andrew, 40 Kearley, Professor Don, 29 ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 126 Koala - laue diffractometer, 32 Kookaburra - ultra-small-angle scattering instrument, 13, 33 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 9, 46 Kowari - residual-stress diffractometer, 32 L Large Hadron Collider, 9, 45 Law, Dr Michael, 31 legislation, compliance with, 2, 95 LifeSciences, 20, 46 Liss, Dr Klaus-Dieter, 27, 29 long-range fine-particle pollution in Asia, 25?6 M McLoughlin, Christine, 5, 98 management of ANSTO, 5?6 Mattner, Ms Filomena, 40 Medical Applications of Synchroton Radiation (MASR), 45 medical sterilisation, 35 melanoma treatment, 22 Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, 2, 43, 102 ministerial directions, 102 Mitchell, Dr Ron, 38 Moata reactor, decommissioning, 35 Molybdenum (Mo-99), 7, 32, 34, 40 Monash University, 38 Muransky, Dr Ondrej, 30 N Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI), 45 nanotechnology, 13 National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), 47 National Deuteration Facility (NDF), 33?4 National Imaging Facility, 47 National Medical Cyclotron (NMC) 35?6 National Research Priorities, 102 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), 32 Neutron Bean Expansion Project, 11?13, 32 neutron-beam instruments 32?3 neutron diffraction, 31 Neutron Guide Hall, 37 neutron radiography instrument, 11 neutron scattering, 28?9, 32?3 NSW Office of Science and Medical Research, 38 nuclear non-proliferation, 8 nuclear science university partnerships, 7, 9 Nuclear Security Summit, 17?18 O Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) Act 1991, 114?17 'One ANSTO', 9 OPAL see Open Pool Australian Light- water Reactor (OPAL) Open Day, 37 Open Pool Australian Light-water Reactor (OPAL), 1, 7, 11, 13, 19, 32?3, 37, 40, 45 Orchison, Keith, 37 Index 127 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Index P Parkin, Dr Stuart, 38 Parkinson's research, 20?1 partnerships and associated organisations, 9, 43?7 Paterson, Dr Adi (Adrian), 3?6, 8, 9?10, 17?18, 43?5 Paul Scherrer Institute, 46 Pelican - time-of-flight spectrometer, 11, 33 performance against strategic objectives, 49 Peterson, Dr Vanessa, 28 PETNET, 41?2 piezoelectric materials, 28 plant mutation studies, 35 plastic deformation, 29 Platypus - reflectometer, 32 policy advice, 1, 7?8, 19 pollution detection, 23 polymers, 21, 34 polymorphs, 29 Powering Ideas: An Innovation Agenda for the 21st Century, 102 Prescription for the Planet, 38 pressure induced phase transformations, 30 Q quarantine, irradiation of goods, 35 Quokka small-angle neutron scattering instrument, 32 R radiation dosimetry, 22, 35 radiocarbon dating, 23?4 radionuclide development, 20 Radiopharmaceutical Research Institute, 20 radiopharmaceuticals, 22, 40 production facilities, 34 Radium Hill Company, 19 Reinhard, Dr Mark, 22 Rekas, Dr Agata, 20?1 Remuneration Committee, 99?100 reporting guidelines, compliance with, 120 research and innovation, 1, 9 engineering, 30?1 environment and climate change, 23?6 health and life sciences, 20?2 materials, 27?9 residual stress determination, 30?1 gas pipeline connections, 31 Kowari residual-stress diffractometer, 32 Review Committee, 100 risk management, 100?1 Risk Management Committee, 101 S Saleh, Mr Michael, 30 Scales, Bill (William), AO, 3?4, 98, 99 'Science in the City', 38 school visitors, 36 Scott, Professor Andrew, 3?4, 98 Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy, 19 Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, 19 Service Charter, 102 shear banding, 30 ANSTO Annual Report 2009 -2010 a71 128 Siemens Medical Solutions, 21 Sika - cold-neutron three-axis spectrometer, 13, 33 silicon irradiation, 32 silk, powder research, 27 simulations, 30?1 Small Tandem for Applied Research (STAR), 11, 35 Smith, Dr Andrew, 10, 38 Smith, Dr Suzanne, 27 Smyth, Erica, 3?4, 98 soft phonon modes, observation of, 28 sponsorships, 38 Stanford University, 38 statement of compliance, 2 Statement of Expectations, 102 Studer, Dr Andrew, 28 superionic copper selenide, 28 Supplementary Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive Sources, 18 Sutherland Shire Australia Day celebrations, 37?8 Switkowski, Dr Ziggy (Zygmunt), 3?4, 7?8, 37, 99 Synroc technology, 13, 14, 27?8 T Taipan - thermal triple-axis spectrometer, 11, 28, 32, 33 technetium-99m (Tc-99), 40 Technical Advisory Committee, 100 10th International Conference on Synchroton Radiation Instrumentation, 45 thalium-201 (TI-201), 34?5 titanium dioxide, 29 U University of Florida, 28 University of Sydney, 9, 46?7 University of Wollongong, 27 university visitors, 36 W Waring, Dr Chris, 23, 24?5 Weiner, Dr Ron, 6, 20 weld research, 30?1 Whittle, Dr Karl, 29 Williams, Robyn, 37 Wilton, Warren, 98 Wombat - powder diffractometer, 28, 32 wool, powder research, 27 Y Yun, Dr Seok Il, 20 Index 129 a71 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Contact details ANSTO New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights New South Wales 2234 Australia Postal Address Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC NSW 2232 Telephone +61 2 9717 3111 Facsimile +61 2 9543 5097 Email enquiries@ansto.gov.au Website www.ansto.gov.au Annual Report on the web www.ansto.gov.au Public information ANSTO produces regular updates on its science and technology, has available a range of publications and conducts free tours of its site. 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