AUSTRALIAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT LUCAS HEIGHTS RESEARCH LABORATORIES SOME METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODELLING AT LUCAS HEIGHTS, NSW, AUSTRALIA 1975 TO 1983 hv G.H. CLARK OCTOBER 19S5 ISBN 0 642 598142 AAEC/E613 AUSTRALIAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT LUCAS HEIGHTS RESEARCH LABORATORIES SOME METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODELLING AT LUCAS HEIGHTS, NSW, AUSTRALIA. 1975 TO 1983 by G.H. CLARK ABSTRACT Meteorological data collected in the years 1975 to 1983 at the AAEC's Research Establishment at Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia have been summarised. Wind speed, direction and turbulence trace types from 7 and 49 m, temperature difference between 9 and 49 m, ambient temperature and precipitation rates have been extracted as 30 minute averages. Seasonal wind speed and direction roses are summarised for 7 and 49 m together with wind direction persistence statistics which are relevant to short-term (accident) releases of atmospheric pollutants. A 'split-sigma' approach has been adopted for definition of the atmos- pheric stability categories: a 'turbulence method using the wind direction turbulence trace types for the hor- izontal diffusion category; and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission temperature gradient criteria are combined with Smith's 1972 scheme for the vertical diffusion estimates. Statistics on 10, 50 and 90 per cent probability and average wind speeds and atmospheric stabilities are also analysed. An extensive data sum- mary is included. National Library of Australia card number and ISBN 0 642 59814 2 The following descriptors have been selected from the INIS Thesaurus to describe the subject content of this report for information retrieval purposes. For further details please refer to IAEA-INIS-12 (INIS: Manual for Indexing) and IAEA-INIS-13 (INIS: Thesaurus) published in Vienna by the International Atomic Energy Agency. AAEC; NEW SOUTH WALES; REACTOR SITES; METEOROLOGY; ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITA- TIONS; WIND; TURBULENCE; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; SEASONS CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION AT LUCAS HEIGHTS 1 3. WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION STATISTICS 2 3.1 Introduction 2 3.2 Data Analysis 3 3.3 Results and Discussion 4. SEASONAL ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY STATISTICS 5 4.1 Introduction 5 4.2 Data Analysis 6 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.4 Summary 7 5. TEMPERATURE STATISTICS 7 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Data Analysis and Results 8 6. PRECIPITATION STATISTICS 6.1 Introduction 8 6.2 Data Analysis and Results 8 7. SUMMARY OF METEOROLOGICAL STATISTICS 8 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9 9. REFERENCES Table 1 Instrumentation at Lucas Heights 11 Table 2 An example of wind direction persistence and 'inverse' persistence calculations 12 Table 3 Diurnal and seasonal variations of dry bulb temperatures at 9 and 49 m 13 Table 4 30 minute precipitation rates v. wind directions for Lucas Heights 13 Table 5 Diurnal and seasonal frequencies of precipitation rates 14 Table 6 Diurnal and seasonal probabilities of rainfall 14 Figure 1 Geographical region surrounding Lucas Heights 15 Figure 2 Wind direction turbulence trace types [after Clark and Bendun 1974] 16 Figures 3-18 Seasonal Bailley-type wind roses at 7 and 49 m. 17-32 Figures 19-26 Seasonal diurnal variations of wind speeds as a function of wind direction. 33-40 Figure 27 Diurnal variation of the 7 m west-south-west wind direction persistence as a 41 function of season Figure 28 Diurnal variation of the 'inverse' persistence of the 7 m west-south-west wind 42 direction as a function of season Figures 29 Pasquill stability category as a function of the upward sensible heat flux and wind speed [after Smith 1972]. Figures 30-45 Seasonal variations of atmospheric stabilities as a function of wind direction APPENDIX A Tables Al to A6 Tables A7 toA12 Tables A13 to A18 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WIND DIRECTION. WIND SPEEDS AND DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY Frequency of occurrence of 7 m wind directions, average wind speeds, horizontal and vertical diffusion parameters v. time of day. Frequency of occurrence of 7 m wind directions, 50 percentile wind speeds, horizontal and vertical diffusion parameters v. time of day. Frequency of occurrence of 49 m wind directions, average wind speeds, horizontal and vertical diffusion parameters v. time of day. Tables A19 to A24 Frequency of occurrence of 49 m wind directions, 50 percentile wind speeds, horizontal and vertical diffusion parameters v. time of day. 43 44-59 61-66 67 -72 73-78 79- 84 1. INTRODUCTION In common with many other nuclear facilities the AAEC has, at its Lucas Heights Research Establishment an active program of meteorological measurements. The prime reason for such a program is to allow estimates to be made of the downwind concentration of am airborne pollutants, particular!} radionuclides, released from the site. The emissions into the lower atmospheric boundary layer (typically below 400 m) can be from high chimneys or low-level building vents. Subsequent dispersion of the radionuclides will be influenced by the degree of atmospheric turbulence and transport by the mean wind. In the boundary layer, atmospheric turbulence has two components, mechanical and convective or thermal turbulence, each of which has a different origin and degree of importance. Mechanical turbulence is generated by the interaction of winds with features such as the terrain (e.g. hills, valleys, coastlines), vegetation and buildings or other structures. During strong winds, mechanical turbulence is of increased importance to atmospheric dispersion of pollutants released near ground level. Convective turbulence has its origins in the solar radiation heating of the underlying surface (earth or water). Both mechanical and convective turbulence have significant diurnal and seasonal variations. With vigorous convection, such as can occur during the day. the boundary layer can extend beyond 1 km. At night, the depth of the atmospheric boundary layer is usually more shallow and. together with the degree of atmospheric turbulence, is influenced both by radiation heat losses and lower frequency wind shear or mechanical turbulence. Meteorological data that reflect these different mechanisms can be processed in various ways to produce parameters that can be used in atmospheric dispersion models to estimate pollutant concentrations downwind of a release. The consequences of two different types of release need to be considered. In the first, the release follows from routine operations on site and the release rate is known as a function of time over a given period. In this case, the data can be used in a relatively straightforward fashion to predict downwind concentrations. In the second, the release is consequent on a hypothetical accident which takes place over a short period and is less well known as a function of time. In this case, the available data can be processed to provide statistical information that can be used to estimate the consequences of the hypothetical release. This report presents data collected at Lucas Heights between July 1975 and May 1983 and is a considerable extension of earlier studies made at this site [Charash and Bcndun 1968|. Parameters from the present study can be compared with those from the somewhat more restricted study at Jervis Bay [Clark and Bendun 1974; Clark 1985[. Rather than presenting the methodologies for evaluation of the parameters and the reasons for choosing these methodologies in one section, the report deals separately with wind speed and direction, stability parameters, temperature and precipitation, each section covering the methodology used and the reasons for its choice. Lucas Heights is situated 29 km south-west of Sydney, 18 km west-south-west of Botany Bay and 16 km directly inland from the Pacific Ocean (figure 1). It is located on the undulating Woronora plateau (140 m above mean sea level (MSL)), a physiographic region, effectively drained by numerous creeks and rivers, which extends south from Sydney in a ramp-like structure. The Woronora River flows to the north-cast, adjacent to the site, and joins the Georges River which then flows east into Botany Bay. It is important to consider the applicability of meteorological statistics from a single station to atmospheric dispersion modelling in complex terrain. Start and Wendell [1974] found that horizontal wind field variations due to complex terrain influences can cause plume trajectories and predicted pollutant concentrations which deviate from those derived from single station wind data. Other research on complex terrain influences has concentrated on flow near individual terrain features such as hills or ridges [Hunt et al. 1978; Lavery et al 1983] and pollutant dispersion within valleys [see Egan 1975). A frequent conclusion to emerge from these studies is that pollutant dispersion is better in complex terrain than over level terrain under similar meteorological conditions [Egan '1975], It is only recently that detailed study of the interaction between synoptic and local air flows has commenced \e.g. Dickerson 1980]. The influence of these studies and the effect of local terrain features on the meteorological statistics and atmospheric dispersion around Lucas Heights is the focus of a developing research program. 2. METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION AT LUCAS HEIGHTS Details of the meteorological instrumentation type, location, performance and calibration procedures are shown in table 1. Wind statistics for near ground level releases were obtained with a Dines anemograph -2- located at 7 m above ground level. Although this instrument is sited on a reasonably well exposed area of low grass, the 7 m measurements are influenced by the local terrain (hills and valleys) and, to a lesser extent by the vegetation (trees) and nearby buildings. The Dines wind speed transducer is not sensitive to light winds, having a quoted starting speed of 1.6 m s~'; in fact in situ comparisons with a secondary standard indicated a \\ind speed threshold of 0.9 m s~' for the Dines wind speed transducer [Clark ind Bendun 1981). The Dines wind vane is more sensitive than the speed transducer with a threshold of 0.5 m s~' [Mazzarella 1972) and a distance constant* of 13.8 m. To take wind measurements near the same altitude as pollutant releases from the site chimney stacks, a sensitive Climatronics Mark III anemometer is located on a meteorological tower. 49 m above local ground level. This instrument has a threshold of 0.34 m s~' for the wind speed and direction sensors and a maximum distance constant of 2.4 m. Therefore, it has better light wind performance and turbulence response characteristics than the Dines anemometer. One measure of the prevailing atmospheric stability is the vertical temperature gradient. On the meteorological tower at Lucas Heights, aspirated resistance bulbs arc used to measure the temperature gradient between 9 and 49 in. This system is calibrated annually using a method of known temperature variations of in situ water baths; the ambient temperatures are calibrated by regular comparison with an Assman psychrometer. Net all-wave solar radiation is measured over short grass at 0.5 m above the ground using a Funk radiometer which is calibrated by the CSIRO's National Measurement Laboratory every 18 to 24 months. Two radiometers have been operated simultaneously to ensure high quality data by means of data redundancy and to enable periodic calibration without loss of continuity in the data time series. Recordings from one radiometer are input to an integrator with a one hour time constant. These data are then transferred from a printed tape into a computer data file. The back-up radiometer is output to an analogue recorder for visual examination and comparison with the digital data from the other instrument. A CSIRO-designed RIMCO digital event recorder with a six-minute resolution was connected to a tipping bucket rain gauge which measures rainfall in increments of 0.254 mm (0.01 in.) between contact closures (digital event). For the present study, these precipitation rates were integrated into 30-minute totals to enable direct comparison with the other meteorological data. 3. WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION STATISTICS 3.1 Introduction Surface winds arc influenced by large, synoptic-scale (horizontal dimensions of the order of 1000 km) pressure gradients and mesoscalc processes (scales of the order of 100 km) associated with differential heating of land and water surfaces or local topography. Synoptic (or geostrophic) winds exert an overall influence. Mesoscale winds often develop only under weak geostrophic winds or in highly stable atmospheric conditions. For example: . differential cooling of the land and sea at night can cause a land breeze to develop; . in a sloping terrain drainage of the cooler air can also lead to local katabatic winds; . during the morning, when the convection or mixing layer reaches altitudes of the order of 1 km, the gradient or geostrophic wind may mix downward to influence the surface winds; and finally, . differential heating of the land and sea surfaces during the day can cause local sea breeze development under favourable synoptic conditions. Wind speed and direction data can be presented in a form that shows the relative importance of these effects at a particular location. Alternatively, the data can be presented in a form which is more directly applicable to the problem of pollutant transport and dispersion. Wind speed and direction data have been analysed for presentation in both ways. The distance constant is an indication of the turbulence response characteristics of the instrument This is related to the time constant of the instrument hut is independent of wind speed. -3- 3.2 Data Analysis The raw wind speed and direction data were in the form of traces from the Dines and Climatronics Mark III anemometers. An 'eye-ball' estimate was made of the average wind speed and direction during each 30-minute interval from these traces and the data points manually digitised using a magnetic coordinate digitiser. The digitised information was fed directly on to computer files, calibrated and stored as 30-minute averages. Wind direction turbulence trace types were also interpreted (figure 2) and stored as 30- minute averages. The wind speed and direction data were analysed to produce Bailley-type wind roses which are useful for illustrating diurnal and seasonal trends: seasons were defined as summer (December to February), autumn (March to May), winter (June to August), and spring (September to November). Figures 3 to 10 show 30- minute averaged wind roses for the 7 m location plotted at three-hourly intervals, and figures 11 to 18 show similar data for the 49 m location. Although wind roses present a clear picture of the relative frequencies of different wind directions and wind speeds, it is less easy to extract from them a quantitative estimate of. for example, the average wind speed associated with a particular wind direction, time of year and time of day. Such information is essential for estimating likely pollutant concentrations downwind of the site following the release from a hypothetical accident. Hence the data have also been analysed to produce average wind speeds corresponding to particular directions, seasons and times of day. The data have also been processed to yield the cumulative probability distribution, since this allows ready graphical representation of the spread in wind speed frequency distribution and hence an idea of how representative the average wind speed might be. The average wind speeds arc presented in figures 19 to 22 for the 7 m location and figures 23 to 26 for the 49 m location. Also shown on these figures arc the wind speeds corresponding to the 10 and 90 per cent levels of the cumulative probability distribution, where, for example, the 10 per cent level indicates that the events have wind speeds less than or equal to this value. Blank spaces appearing in the time series indicate that there were no observations at those points. Any marked variability in the averages or in the cumulative probability values is also indicative that only a few observations were available to form these statistics in spite of the long duration of data collection. For example, figures 7, 8, 15 and 16 show that winds in the north-north-east to east sectors were quite rare in winter and only about ten or so observations of winds in each of these sectors were noted throughout the period of data collection. Although the wind speed is crucial in determining the downwind concentration of a pollutant, the exposure at a receptor site downwind depends on how long the wind persists in the direction that carries the pollutant from the release point to the receptor. Hence an estimate has been made from the data of the wind persistence associated with a particular wind direction and time of day at different times of the year. The persistence at a particular time of day was, in essence, the number of 30-minute periods the wind continued in a particular direction from that specific time. Table 2 indicates how the persistence over a period of 12 hours was evaluated. Average wind directions for each 30-minute period were sorted into 16 sectors with north = 1, north-north-east = 2, north-east = 3. etc. For this example, only three wind directions (12,13,14) were considered. From this schematic block of data it follows that, at 0500-0530 EST direction 14 has a persistence of six half-hours, at 0630-0700 EST it has a persistence of three half-hours, and at 0200-0230 EST direction 13 has a persistence of three half- hours. When the wind stays in one sector for only one half-hour period before turning to another sector, then the persistence is 30 minutes. Together with the persistence statistics, inverse persistence is important when considering the percentage of time a plume is over a receptor during the finite release time associated with a hypothetical accident Inverse persistence was defined as the time the wind remained in any sector other than that prevailiaig in a given period. For example, in table 2, after the time that the wind persists from sector 14 between 0000 and 0200 EST, six half-hour periods have elapsed before it again reverts to sector 14. In this case, the inverse persistence for the period 0130-0200 EST would be classified as six half-hours from sector 14. These data were further analysed to produce cumulative persistence and inverse persistence probabilities, which are defined in a manner similar to the cumulative wind direction probabilities. 3.3 Results and Discussion The Bailley wind roses in figures 3 to 10 show that in summer, south-south-east to south winds predominate at night The 0900 EST wind rose is typical of the transition from nocturnal winds to daytime -4- conditions. By 1200 EST. the sea breeze influence has commenced with winds from the north-east, east- north-east and south-east to south-south-east sectors (see Clark |19S2] for more details of the sea breezes over Lucas Heights and McGrath |1972| for a discussion of sea breezes in the general Sydney region). These persist until 2100 EST when there is a change to the north and south. Although the sea breezes are present in summer, there is an almost Iota! lack of winds from the north through the \\cst to south-south- west sectors. Both the autumn and spring wind roses represent the transition months between summer and winter influences. The nocturnal winds begin to indicate the influence of cool air drainage from the west-south- west to south-west sectors. Winds from the south and south-south-east arc still an important influence. Sea breezes arc observed less frequently and not clearly until the 1500 EST wind rose data arc reached. In winter there is u strong west to south-south-west influence in the 7 m nocturnal winds with virtually no winds from the south-south-east to north sectors. The wind roses from 49 m (figures 11 to 18) indicate that, over all the seasons, there is an increase in the wind speeds at 49 in when compared to those at 7 m. During summer, the predominant direction of the sea breeze measured at 49 m is east-north-cast rather than north-east through to south-south-east at 7 in whereas the 2100 EST wind rose, which represents the transition to nocturnal (low. shows that the probability of south and north-east winds is greater at 49 m than at 7 m. From 0000 to 0900 EST. the wind direction distributions are similar at both heights. In autumn, the strong southerly influence noted in the night winds at 7 m is less in the winds measured at 49 in. West-south-west and south-west winds predominate between 0000 and 0600 EST. During the day. the winds also turn clockwise with height and there is a predominance of east-north-east and south winds. In common with the summer, remnants of the autumn sea breeze are observed in the 2100 EST wind roses. During spring, there is a stronger daytime sea breeze and a diminished southerly influence at 49 in. At night the winds are more uniform in the south to west sector. This feature is also observed in the 7 m spring winds between 0000 and 0600 EST. In winter, the 49 m winds indicate a strong west to west-south-west influence throughout the day. At night, between 10 and 25 per cent of 49 in winds occur in the west-south-west sector, but the west to north- west winds are also important. The more westerly wind could indicate a regional drainage of cool air across Lucas Heights [Hyde et al. 1982]. There is only a small (less than five per cent) presence of sea breezes evident in the 1500 and 1800 EST wind roses during winter (see Clark |19S2] for a discussion of sea breeze statistics in winter). Figures 19 to 22 show that in summer, the nocturnal south to south-south-east winds average 2 m s~' at 7 m whereas winds from other directions are generally lighter. The sea breezes have wind speeds between 3 and 4 m s~'. the 90 per cent value being higher by 1 to 2 m s~'. At night, autumn winds from the south- south-east to south-west sectors have speeds slightly below 2 m s~'. During the day. the south-south-east winds rise to 4 m s~' but winds from the south-cast and east-south-east show little diurnal variation at 2.5 m s~'. During autumn, sea breezes arc less intense at 2 to 2.5 m s~'. West-south-west winds predominate in winter with relatively high speeds above 4 m s~' during the day; the 90 per cent probability values are near 7 m s~'. Winds from the south and south-south-west are less intense. The low frequency of winds from the south-east to north sectors again accounts for the variability and small diurnal change in the associated wind speed graphs. Sea breezes are more predominant in spring than in autumn: these arc similar to the summer sea breezes with a peak average speed of 4 m s~' near 1500 EST. At night, winds from the south to west-south-west sectors again decrease to near 2 m s~'. Similar probability and average wind speed statistics have been analysed from the 49 m data (figures 23 to 26). Again, these need to be interpreted in terms of the prevailing wind direction distributions (figures 11 to 18). In summer, even at the 10 per cent probability level, there is still a speed of 2 in s~' at 49 in during the night: the average speed is 5 m s~'. With the daytime east-north-east sea breeze, this average increases to above 6 m s~' at 49 m compared to 3 to 4 m s~' at 7 m. The nocturnal winds in autumn show a similar trend. There is little diurnal variation (average 5 to 6 m s~') in winds from the south which have greater than 10 per cent probability of occurrence at all times. The east-north-east sea breezes diminish in intensity to below 6 m s~' at 49 m in autumn, as is also the case in spring, when day and night wind speeds average 5 to 6 m s~'. Winter is usually considered to be the season with the minimum (worst) atmospheric dispersion conditions. Figure 21 shows that at night near ground level, the 10 per cent probability wind speeds -5- diminish below the instrument threshold (less than 0.9 m s~'). At 49 m and clear of any surface frictional drag effects or the air flow, this value increases to between 2 and 3 m s~'. with an average speed in excess of 6.5 m s~' from the prevailing west to west-south-west sector. During the day. winter westerly winds average about 7.5 m s~~'. Examples of persistence and inverse persistence curves are shown in figures 27 and 28. respectively, where the time periods have been expanded to three hours to reduce the number of curves. However, half- hour averaging periods are available for future analysis. In the illustration (figure 27), wind direction persistence from the west-south-west sector generally increases between the summer and winter seasons. The morning transition from stable/nocturnal to unstable/day conditions is also accompanied by wind direction changes and minimum persistences. This is further emphasised by the inverse persistence curves which indicate a maximum for the 0600-0900 EST period (figure 28). However, these curves need to be interpreted in terms of the frequency of a particular wind direction. When all wind directions were combined, there was reasonable agreement with Shirvaikar [1972] who found that the cumulative probability of persistence followed a log-normal distribution at two sites; at a third site no such analytic function could be fitted. 4. SEASONAL ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY STATISTICS 4.1 Introduction Another aspect of the meteorological data required for atmospheric dispersion modelling concerns the definition of atmospheric stability categories. Originally, Pasquill J1961] and Gifford |1961| related six atmospheric diffusion categories to general weather observations of wind speed and cloud cover. In the Pasquill scheme, category A is the least stable, most diffusive condition and is generally associated with light winds and strong radiation heating during the day. The most stable, least diffusive condition was defined as category F; subsequently a category G was added by Beattie [1963]. Cacegories F and G usually occur with light winds, under clear night skies. Subsequently, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission [USNRC 1974] related the prevailing Pasquill stability categories to classes of vertical temperature gradient and the standard deviation of horizontal wind direction <7g. It is usual for one set of criteria to define conditions for both the horizontal and vertical dispersion. The USNRC criteria have been criticised because the temperature gradients are not appropriate to horizontal diffusion (a,,) estimates or even to vertical dispersion (a.) in unstable conditions [Weber et al. 1977: Hanna el al. 1977]. In addition, the USNRC classes of afl values in very stable conditions do not account for the frequently observed low-frequency meandering component (Scdefian and Bennett 1980; Hanna 1983]: Mitchell and Timbre [1979] have allowed for the meander in an improvement to the ag method. Weber et al. [1977], and Irwin [1979, 1983) have also suggested other measurements of turbulence and atmospheric stability which correlate better with the diffusion experiment results. A 'split-sigma' method has been developed in which different criteria are used for av and a. estimates jSagendorf and Dickson 1974]. A modified form of the split-sigma method, in which the USNRC vertical temperature gradient classes were used to define (crz), has also been suggested for use at Lucas Heights. The split-sigma method usually has 09 classes to define (a,,). Because there arc no ag parameter measurements available, Clark [1982] suggested a relationship between the turbulent nature of wind direction trace;: and the Pasquill stability categories which he described as the 'turbulence' method. This involved subjective interpretation of anemometer traces over 30 minute periods (figure 2) and is consistent with a similar study [Lalas et al. 1979] which used the more restricted number of traces from the Brookhaven National Laboratories [Singer and Smith 1953]. When the horizontal atmospheric dispersion parameters arc assessed, using the turbulence method to categorise atmospheric stability, one modification has been made to the method of Clark [1982] to allow for wind meander. In the analyses described below, the light wind meandering trace 10 has been assigned to the slightly more dispersive Pasquill category F and the near straight line trace 5 is designated as the most stable category G. Another method for estimating the vertical dispersion stability category, suggested by Smith [1972], was developed from a limited number of numerical solutions to the two-dimensional diffusion equation. Instead of the discrete Pasquill stability categories (A to G), Smith defined a continuum of stability parameters (p) such that A is equivalent to 0 the Smith |1972] scheme to Lucas Heights data, several modifications were necessary. Smith suggested that the sensible heat flux (H) was related to the incoming solar radiation (R) by cm The value of (R-10) allows for net black body radiation away from the surface, which is equivalent to net radiation measurements at Lucas Heights. An adjustment was also required for the 7 to 10 m wind speeds. In the absence of more detailed wind profile measurements, a power law profile was used as a function of atmospheric stability and surface roughness [Hanna et al. 1982]. For the current analysis, the following ratios of the 10 to 7 m wind speeds were derived from the urban profiles considered to be more typical of the Lucas Heights terrain than the rural profiles from undulating land presented in Hanna et al. |1982|: Turbulence Trace Types 1 to 4 6 to 9 5JO. u,,/u7 1.06 1.15 1.24 In a similar manner to the wind speeds, average stabilities and the 90 per cent values for the cumulative probability distribution of stabilities have been plotted as a function of time of day, wind direction and season. To calculate the average stability, categories A to G were assigned values of 1 to 7 and averaged arithmetically. To estimate downwind air concentrations, the average stabilities were used to determine weighted arithmetic averages of the discrete Pasquill curves for oj, and cr. (e.g. an average stability of 3.6 would be averaged arithmetically between categories C and D). Another approach is to apply the average stability to the Smith (1972) nomograms for a direct determination -of a:. The cumulative probability distributions arc such that 100 per cent of the cases occurred in the most stable category G. At Lucas Heights, the USNRC |1974] temperature gradient criteria have been applied to the temperature difference data collected between 9 and 49 m on the meteorological tower. The turbulence method was applied to the wind direction traces from the anemometers at 7 and 49 m. These stability prediction categories are grouped by season in figures 30 to 45, together with the Smith scheme. Again, these should be interpreted in terms of the frequency of occurrence of various wind directions at 7 m (figures 4 to 11): the highly variabi'' traces usually indicate few observations. 4.3 Results and Discussion In summer, both the USNRC criteria (figure 30) and turbulence method (figure 31) indicate slightly stable Pasquill categories (D to E) during the presence of south-south-cast to south-south-west winds at night The Smith scheme (figure 32) indicates an average stability slightly above category E. Later in the day, after the onset of the north-east to east-north-east sea breeze, both the turbulence and Smith methods predict categories B to C whereas the USNKC temperature gradient criteria lead to less stable categories A to B. As the sea breeze weakens in the evening, there is a more rapid stabilisation of the lower atmosphere: this is indicated by the Smith scheme rather than the other two schemes. It is interesting to note that the difference between the average and 90 per cent probability atmospheric stabilities is greatest during the day and decreases during the morning and afternoon transition periods, as atmospheric conditions change from stable to unstable or vice versa. When the average and 90 per cent values are close together, a very narrow, peaked distribution of stabilities is indicated. Both the Smith and turbulence schemes produce this type of distribution during the day (e.g. figures 31 and 32 for east to east- north-east winds): there is a much wider spread of USNRC stabilities (figure 30). This trend is evident over all seasons and is most marked in the Smith stabilities after sunrise and near sunset In several cases (USNRC with north-north-east and north-east winds), the 90 per cent probability values are slightly less than the average stabilities, particularly category A. This is due to the occurrence of more than 90 per cent category A and to the use of the interpolation scheme to calculate the 90 per cent values. The averages must always be greater than or equal to (Le. 100 per cent of cases) the least stable (A) category. During autumn, the nocturnal/early morning stabilities indicated by the Smith (figure 35) and the USNRC (figure 33) schemes are very similar (average E to F). The turbulence method (figure 34) gives results which are slightly less stable than those of the temperature gradient criteria. This implies relatively greater estimates of horizontal diffusion than would be the case if the temperature criteria alone were used -7 - in these conditions. Compared to the summer sea breezes, those in autumn have higher atmospheric stabilities (USNRC gives B and turbulence B to C). The Smith scheme predicts similar stabilities in the early part of the day. but once again there is a rapid transition to more stable conditions after sunset as the sea breeze diminishes. The USNRC and turbulence stabilities follow a similar trend during this period. The results for spring are discussed before those for winter as this could again be considered a transition season between the more stable dispersion conditions in winter and less stable conditions in summer. In the early morning, the USNRC (figure 39) and Smith schemes (figure 41) indicate higher stabilities (E to F) than those using the turbulence method (figure 40: D to E). When the north-east to east-north-east winds prevail during the afternoon, both the Smith and turbulence stabilities (C) are more stable than those of the USNRC, until 1700 EST. At this time, results from the Smith scheme again diverge to more stable categories which last until 2300 EST. when results from the Smith and USNRC schemes agree (E to F). although stabilities using the turbulence method remain less stable (D to E) thoughout the night. Winds from the south to west sector prevail throughout the day in winter. There is only a small diurnal variation (C to D) found in stabilities using the turbulence method (figure 37). which indicates moderate horizontal turbulence and diffusion conditions through the day. By contrast, the Smith (figure 38) and USNRC criteria (figure 36) indicate similar stabilities with significant diurnal variations. At night and in the early morning the average stability, using both of these methods, is E to F. During the day, the USNRC scheme predicts slightly lower stabilities (B to C) than the Smith scheme (a little above C). It is interesting to contrast the stability categories determined by applying the turbulence method to data obtained at 49 m (figures 42 to 45) with those from 7 m: this can only be done in general terms because of the different wind direction distributions at the two altitudes. In summer, the stability category for horizontal diffusion is type C during the sea breeze and category E at night: this is slightly more stable than at 7 m. During autumn, the nocturnal stabilities are similar at both altitudes (average E). Stabilities at 49 m are more stable than those nearer the ground only during a sea breeze. This probably reflects the surface roughness influences on atmospheric turbulence closer to the ground. At 49 m, the daytime horizontal stability varies between B and C forsoutli to south-east winds in autumn. At night during spring, winds from the south to west sector generally have stabilities more stable by one stability category at 49 m (e.g. category E) when compared to the 7 m data (e.g. category D). With the onset of sea breezes from the north-east to east-north-east sector, the stability category is type C at both altitudes, but this becomes more stable during the afternoon. It is most interesting to contrast the near ground and elevated turbulence levels during winter. At night, although stronger winds are observed at 49 m (average 6.5 m s~') there is less horizontal turbulence (figure 25); this causes more stable (E to F) categories to be predicted by the turbulence method at 49 m than with the light winds near ground. It also suggests that the 49 m level is frequently above the nocturnal boundary layer in a region of near laminar flow. 4.4 Summary At night there is good agreement between the Smith and USNRC criteria whereas the turbulence method (applied at 7 m). which defines the horizontal diffusion conditions, indicates less stability (i.e. greater diffusion). During the day. the USNRC scheme indicates a large range of stabilities but on average these are less than the Smith estimates. The turbulence method and Smith scheme show good agreement in daytime stabilities. However, after sunset the Smith stabilities diverge to more stable categories. Further away from the ground and surface roughness effects, stabilities are higher when the turbulence method is applied to the 49 m data. This is particularly evident during winter and in stable conditions and could be due to the 49 m level being in smooth flow above the shallow nocturnal boundary layer. 5. TEMPERATURE STATISTICS 5.1 Introduction Another aspect of the dispersion of gases and aerosols from building vents or chimney stacks is their rise due to momentum and buoyancy forces. Briggs |1969| concluded that buoyant plumes rise according to the following general formula: Ah = 1.6F1/( iT1 XM where Ah is the plume rise; u is the average wind speed; x is the downwind distance; F (l-Ta/T0)?w0rj; Ta is the ambient temperature; T0 is the temperature of stack/vent gases; g is the gravitational acceleration; w0 is the speed of gases from vent/stack; and r0 is the internal stack radius. This formula has several caveats which depend on the thermal stratification and downwind distance. However, the important point to note is the influence of ambient temperature on the F parameter, and subsequently on the calculated plume rise. 5.2 Data AnaKsis and Results The ambient (dry bulb) temperature was measured at 49 m, a level which is near the height of several chimney stacks at Lucas Heights. These temperatures are summarised in table 5. The V) m temperatures were calculated using the simultaneous temperature difference data between 9 and 49 m together with the 49 m temperatures. Average temperatures show the predictable diurnal and seasonal variations with daytime maxima at 49 m, ranging from 15.3?C in winter to 25.2?C in summer. A seasonal range of nearly 10?C between summer and winter is also evident in the minima temperatures. 6. PRECIPITATION STATISTICS 6.1 Introduction The US Department of Energy [USDOE 1984] has summarised some of the theoretical models which describe the wet deposition or precipitation scavenging of atmospheric aerosols and gases. For releases below cloud level, the current models are usually simple variations of X = X, where x is the pollutant air concentration; Xo is the initial pollutant air concentration; X(a) is the washout coefficient; a is the aerosol radius; and t is the downwind diffusion time. The washout coefficient can be approximated by = C, -*J0 E(a,RmyRm where C) is the constant (1/2); ? is the retention efficiency for atmospheric aerosol particles (1); J0 is the precipitation rate; E(a.Rm) is the collection efficiency; and Rm is the average raindrop radius (0.35 mm (J0/l mm h~')'/4 [Mason 1971 for steady rain]. 6.2 Data Analysis and Results The measurement .of local precipitation rates is an important requirement for the prediction of pollutant washout The influence of wind direction on precipitation rates is seen in table 4. Winds from the south- east to south sector account for 49 per cent of all rainfall observations. These have a predominantly low intensity of 0-1 mm/30 minutes. The heaviest rains occur with south-south-east winds. There is also a small peak in the distribution of large precipitation rates (> 7 mm/30 minutes) with winds from the north-east direction. The precipitation rates have been analysed for all wind directions as a function of time of day and season (table 5). Most observations are made in autumn and summer, and the least in spring. The autumn and summer rainfall rates are slightly more intense than in the other seasons. In summer and spring the rainfall occurs more often in late afternoon and early evening. The winter rains are more evenly distributed during the day whereas those in autumn have a maximum occurrence between 2100 and 0300 EST. The probability of rain during any three-hour period is given as a function of season in table 6. 7. SUMMARY OF METEOROLOGICAL STATISTICS All of the statistics presented so far have been based on 30-minute average data. In the analyses given in Appendix A, these data have been integrated into three-hour time intervals and tabulated for ease of reference. Two types of statistics are presented. The first is the common average statistic and the second is based on analysis of the probability distributions with values for 50 per cent probability being extracted. In the case of the wind speed distributions, the probability of calms can be determined by extrapolating the distribution to 0 in s~~'. If there is greater than 50 per cent of calms then the 50 per cent probability wind speed will be 0 m s~~'. However, as was discussed in Section 2, the anemometers have a threshold greater than 0 m s""1. Therefore the average statistics will reflect this threshold speed, particularly during light wind conditions (e.g. at night). In these cases, the probability values are likely to be more representative of the actual winds. The data are tabulated by height of observation (for the wind statistics), time of day and season. Several tables in Appendix A then separately combine all seasons and all times. Detailed interpretation of these tables is not required as they only reflect trends already discussed in the 30-minute data. The tables are presented as a data set in Appendix A. The last point to note from these tables is the relationship between the statistics based on the temperature gradient criteria which should be independent of the observation level (i.e. 1 or 49 m). Differences between these data are due to the different seasonal wind direction distributions at the two altitudes. For this reason it is not reasonable to compare the cr. stability categories between 7 and 49 m. 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr M. Petersen provided inspiration and there were many useful discussions with Dr A.I.M. Ritchie during the preparation of this report Mr K. Bendun kept the instrumentation functional, and with Mr J. Kristo completed much of the computer digitisation of the meteorological data. I gratefully acknowledge this assistance and the patience of staff of the AAECs Applied Mathematics and Computing Division. 9. REFERENCES Bcattie, J.R. [1963] - Assessment of hazards from fission product releases. United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Report AHSB(S) R64. Briggs, G.A. [1969] - Plume rise. US Atomic Energy Commission Critical Review Series. TID-25075. Charash, E., Bendun, E.O.K. [19681 - Selected climatological data from Lucas Heights 1958-1966. AAEC/TM453. Clark, G.H. [1981] - Detailed meteorological interpretation of acoustic sounder records. AAEC/E498. Clark, G.H. [1982] A study of air pollution meteorology parameters on the southern extremity of Sydney. Proc. Conf. The Urban Atmosphere - Sydney a Case Study. Leura, NSW, May. CSIRO Division of Fossil Fuels. Sydney, pp.61-82. Clark. G.H. [1985] - Some atmospheric dispersion, wind and temperature statistics from Jervis Bay, ACT : 1972 to 1974. AAEC/E606. Clark, G.H., Bendun, E.O.K. [1974) - Meteorological research studies at Jervis Bay. Australia. AAEC/E309. Dickerson, M.H., ed. [1980] - A collection of papers based on drainage wind studies in the Geysers area of northern California : Part 1. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. UCID-18884, ASCOT-80-7. Egan, B.A. [1975] - Turbulent diffusion in complex terrain. In Lectures on Air Pollution and Environmental Impact Analyses, 29 September to 3 October, Boston. The American Meteorological Society, pp.112-135. Gifford, F.A. [1961] - Use of routine meteorological observations for estimating atmospheric dispersion. Nucl. Safety, 17(1)68-86. Halitsky, J., Woodward, K. [1974] - Atmospheric diffusion experiments at a nuclear power plant site under light wind inversion conditions. Symp. Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution, Santa Barbara. California, 9-13 September. American Meteorological Society, pp.172-175. Hanna, S,R. |1983] - Lateral turbulence intensity and plume meandering during stable conditions. J. Climate Appl. Meteorol., 22 (8) 1424-1430. Hanna. S.R., Briggs, G.A., Deardorff, J., Egan, B.A., Gifford. F.A., Pasquill, F. [1977] - AMS workshop on stability classification schemes and sigma curves - summary of recommendations. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 58(12)1305-1309. Hanna, S.R., Briggs, G.A., Hosker, R.P. Jr. [1982] - Handbook on atmospheric diffusion. USDOE/TIC-11223. Hunt, J.C.R., Snyder. W.H., Lawson. R.E. [1978] - Flow structure and turbulent diffusion around a 3- dimensional hill; fluid modelling studies on effects of stratification. PL I, Flow structure. USEPA Monthly Serial Report, EPA-600/4-73-041. Hyde, R., Malfroy, H.R., Heggie, A.E., Hawke, G.S. [1982] - Nocturnal wind flow across the Sydney basin. Proc. Conf. The Urban Atmosphere - Sydney, A Case Study, May, Leura, NSW. CSIRO Division of Fossil Fuels, Sydney, pp.39-60. 10 Irwin. J.S. [1979] - Estimating plume dispersion - a recommended generalized scheme. Fourth Symp. Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Pollution. 15-18 January, Reno, Nevada. American Meteorological Society, pp.62-69. Irwin. J.S. [1983] - Estimating plume dispersion - a comparison of several sigma schemes. J. Climate Appl MeteoroL 22(1)92-114. Lalas. P.P., Catsoulis, V., Petrakis, M. [1979] - On the consistency of stability classification schemes when applied to non-homogeneous terrain. Atmos. Environ., 13:687-691. Lavery. T.F.. Green. B.R., Egan, B.A., Schiermeier, F.A. [1983| - The EPA complex terrain model development program. Sixth Symp. Turbulence and Diffusion. 22-25 March. Boston. Mass. American Meteorological Society, pp.126-130. Mason. B.J. [1971] - The Physics of Clouds. Clarendon Press. Oxford Mazzarella. D.A. [1972] - An inventory of specifications for wind measuring instruments. Br.ll. Am. Meteorol. Soc.. 53(9)860-871. McGrath. C.A. [1972] - The development of the sea breeze over Sydney and its effect on climate and air pollution. MSc Thesis. School of Earth Sciences. Macquarie University. Sydney. Australia. Mitchell, A.E. Jr. J1982] - A comparison of short-term dispersion estimates resulting from various atmospheric stability classification methods. Atmos. Environ.. 16(4)765-773. Mitchell. A.E. Jr.. Timbre, K.O. [1979] - Atmospheric stability class from horizontal wind fluctuation. Air Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio. Paper 79-29.2. Pasquill. F. |1961[ - The estimation of the dispersion of wind borne materials. Meteorol. Mag.. 90(1063)33- 49. Sagendorf. J.F.. Dickson, C.R. |1974) - Diffusion under low windspeed, inversion conditions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Tech. Memo. NOAA TM ERL ARL-52. Sedefian. L., Bennett, E. [1980] - A comparison of turbulence classification schemes. Atmos. Environ.. 14:741-750. Shirvaikar. V.V. |1972[ - Persistence of wind direction. Atmos. Environ.. 6:889-898. Singer. I.A. and Smith. M.E. [1953] - Relation of gustincss to other meteorological parameters./. Meteorol. 10:121-126. Smith. F.B. [1972) - A scheme for estimating the vertical dispersion of a plume from a source near ground level. Proc. Third Meeting of Expert Panel on Air Pollution Modelling. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, NATO-CHHS Report 14. pp.XVII-1 to XVII-14. Start, G.E., Wendell. L.L. [1974] - Regional effluent dispersion calculations considering spatial and temporal meteorological variations. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Tech. Memo. NOA TM ERL ARL-44. USDOE [1984] - Atmospheric science and power production. United States Department of Energy. DOE/TIC-27601. USNRC 11974] - Regulatory Guide 1.23. Onsite Meteorology Program. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington. D.C. Weber. A.H., McDonald, K.R., Briggs, G.A. [1977] - Turbulence classification schemes for stable and unstable conditions. Joint Conf. Application of Air Pollution Meteorology. Salt Lake City. Utah. 29 November- 2 December. The American Meteorological Society, pp.96-102. II TABLE 1 INSTRUMENTATION AT LUCAS HEIGHTS Measurement Instrument/ sensor Height (m) Data analysis period Data recovery Calibration type and frequency Dry bulb temper- Resistance bulb ature (unaspirated) Wet bulb temper- Resistance bulb ature (unaspirated) 49 30.7.1975 to 1.5.1983 Differential temperature (aspirated) Resistance bulb 49 12.8.1976 to 1.5.1983 9 to 49 30.7.1975 to 1.5.1983 94 88 97 Jn situ Assmann psychrometer; one reading per month Jn situ variable temperature water baths; annual Wind Wind Net radiation Precipitation rate Acoustic sounder Dines anemograph 7 Climatronics 49 Mark III Funk net all-wave 0.5 radiometer CSIRO RIMGO Ground digital event recorder Monostatic , Ground designed by Shaw (1971) 30 1. 8. 1. 18 1. 30 1. 22 5. .7.1975 to 5.1983 11.1977 to 5.1983+ .2.1976 to 5.1983 .7.1975 to 5.1983 .9.1975 to 9.1981 Dirn.97 Speed 99 Turb . 99 Dim. 99 Speed 98 Turb . 98 99 81* 83t Jn situ compar- ison with secon- dary standard; 12-18 months CSIRO wind tunnel ; 12-18 months CSIRO; 12-18 months Known rainfall equivalent added; occasional Tethered balloon profiles; occasional special studies + The Climatronics wind recorder was not operated between 13.9.1979 and 12.3.1981. * The RIMCO recorder was not operated from 12.12.1978 to 5.12.1979. If this period is ignored the data recovery rises to 90%. t There is no differentiation made between no/bad echoes due to wind/rain noise and instrument malfunction. Dirn. = direction. Turb. = turbulence. Reference Shaw, N.A. [1971] - Acoustic sounding of the atmosphere. PhD Thesis, Department of Physics, RAAF Academy, University of Melbourne, Australia. 12 TABLE 2 AN EXAMPLE OF WIND DIRECTION PERSISTENCE AND 'INVERSE' PERSISTENCE CALCULATIONS j.ime (tSi) Wind Direction Persistence (} hours) Inverse Persistence (i hours) Time (EST) Wind Direction Persistence (i hours) Inverse Persistence (1 hours) Time (EST) Wind Direction Persistence (i hours) Inverse Persistence (i hours) Time (EST) Wind Direction Persistence (i hours) Inverse Persistence (i hours) Wind 14 13 12 14 13 12 14 13 12 14 13 12 14 13 12 14 13 12 14 13 12 14 13 12 14 14 1 2 0300-0330 0330-0400 13 12 3 1 3 4 1 0600-0630 0630-0700 14 14 3 4 6 7 3 4 0900-0930 0930-1000 12 12 3 4 3 4 12 13 14 3 0400-0430 12 2 5 2 0700-0730 14 5 8 5 1000-1030 12 5 5 14 14 4 0430-0500 12 3 6 3 0730-0800 14 6 9 6 1030-1100 13 1 6 1 13 1 1 0500-0530 14 1 4 1 0800-0830 12 1 1 10 1100-1130 13 2 7 2 13 2 2 0530-0600 14 2 5 2 0830-0900 12 2 2 11 1130-1200 13 3 8 3 13 TABLE 3 DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF DRY BULB TEMPERATURES AT 9 and 49 m DRY BULB TEMPERATURE (DEC.C) SEASON HEIGHT (M) 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 15GU-1800 1800-2.100 2100-2400 MINIMUM BEGINNING DATK : 3U(y7?i KM) DATh : 1U5B3 MAXIMUM SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER SPRING 9 49 9 49 9 49 9 49 19.1 19.3 15.1 15.8 9.5 10.4 13.8 14.5 18.7 18.9 14.6 15.4 9.0 9.9 13.3 13.9 20. 9 20.2 15.7 15.7 9.6 9.9 15.7 15.0 24.0 23.0 19.2 18.5 13.3 12.6 19.2 18.1 24.9 23.9 20.7 20. 0 15.3 14.5 20.2 19.2 23.5 22.6 19.3 Hi. 9 14.0 13.8 18.7 18.0 21.2 20.9 17.1 17.2 11.6 12.1 16.2 16.1 20.0 20.0 16.0 16.5 10.3 11.2 15.0 15.3 17.7 18.0 13.5 14.4 7.7 H.8 12.2 12.8 26.2 25.2 21.6 20.9 16.0 15.3 21.5 20.4 TABLE 4 30 MINUTE PRECIPITATION RATES v. WIND DIRECTIONS FOR LUCAS HEIGHTS PRECIPITATION RATES (MM.) DIRECTION N NNE NE EHE E ESE SE SSE Sssw swwsw w WNW NW NNW TOTAL 0- 1 1.90 2.43 2.79 2.57 2.98 3.84 7.67 13.22 11.26 4.39 3.34 2.13 1.32 1.52 2.01 2.70 66.08 1- 2 0.39 0.47 0.75 0.77 0.69 1.35 2.90 4.11 2.82 1.13 0.94 0,69 0.39 0.41 0.36 0.58 18.74 2- 3 0.06 0.14 0.52 0.44 0.39 0.55 1.13 1.16 0.99 0.72 0.30 0.2b 0.17 0.03 0.14 0.14 7.15 3- 4 0.08 0.06 0.36 0.3(J 0.14 0.08 0.36 0.66 0.19 0.41 0.33 0.11 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.03 3.26 4- 5 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.14 0.08 0.06 0.30 0.39 0.17 0.06 0.25 O.Ob 0.03 0.0 0.0 0.06 1.82 5- 6 0.0 0.03 0.0 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.14 0.22 0.11 0.0 0.06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.63 6- 7 0.0 0.0n.o 0.0 0.0 0.08 0.17 U.I 4 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.0 0.03 0.0 0.63 > 7 0.06 0.03 0.22 0.06 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.3J 0.11 O.OS C.06 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.0 0.03 1 .68 TOTAL 2.51 3.17 4.80 4.31 4.44 6.16 12.86 20.23 15.71 6.85 5.33 3.42 2.01 2.04 2.62 3.53 3623. BEGINNING DATE 310775 F.NU DATE 10583 NOTE: TABLE FREQUENCIES ARE IN 7. WITH THE TOTAL NUMBER OK 30 MIN. DBS. IN THE LOWER RIGHT HAND CORNER 14 TABLE 5 DIURNAL AND SEASONAL FREQUENCIES OF PRECIPITATION RATES PRECIPITATION RATES (M.M.) SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER SPRING 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 TOTAL 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 TOTAL 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 TOTAL 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 TOTAL 5.32 6.53 4.76 4.01 3.82 4.38 5.50 4.38 38.71 5.75 5.22 4.60 4.42 1.86 2.83 3.10 5.58 33.36 6.09 6.21 6.80 4.53 4.30 5.37 5.61 4.65 43.56 . 4.23 4.80 4.37 4.51 6.35 7.19 4.37 6.91 42.74 3.45 2.89 3.17 1.77 2.61 3.54 4.48 4.10 26.03 3.54 3.36 2.30 3.27 3.01 3.27 4.78 5.58 29.12 2.74 4.18 3.46 2.86 3.82 3.34 3.10 2.51 26.01 1.13 2.82 2.68 2.82 3.95 4.37 3.39 3.67 24.82 1.40 2.05 1.21 0.84 0.93 2.15 2.71 2.05 13.34 2.04 1.24 1.15 1.50 1.59 1.86 1.77 2.30 13.45 1.07 1.79 1.31 2.27 1.43 1.79 1.43 1.43 12.53 0.42 0.71 1.27 1.13 1.69 2.12 1.69 1.13 10.16 0.19 0.56 0.75 0.75 0.65 1.40 1.03 0.65 5.97 1.42 0.71 0.35 0.80 0.62 1.24 0.97 0.97 7.08 0.36 0.48 0.60 1.55 0.84 0.60 0.48 1.19 6.09 0.71 0.42 0.85 1.27 1.27 1.13 0.28 0.28 6.21 0.47 0.65 0.28 0.75 0.56 1.21 0.93 0.37 5.22 0.88 0.18 0.18 0.62 0.71 0.35 1.33 0.80 5.04 0.24 0.48 0.36 0.24 0.24 0.36 0.72 0.60 3.22 0.71 0.56 0.14 0.28 0.42 0.71 0.71 0.42 3.95 0.19 0.19 0.56 0.09 0.19 0.56 0.19 0.37 2.33 0.35 0.09 0.18 0.44 0.27 0.53 0.27 0.62 2.74 0.24 0.24 0.48 0.12 0.24 0.12 0.60 0.0 2.03 0.71 0.14 0.14 0.56 0.85 0.71 0.42 0.42 3.95 0.37 0.0 0.28 0.0 0.28 0.37 0.09 0.09 1.49 0.09 0.35 0.18 0.18 0.0 0.27 0.18 0.62 1.86 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.36 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 2.03 0.56 0.0 0.0 0.28 0.42 0.71 0.14 0.28 2.40 1.03 0.84 0.37 0.75 0.93 1.87 0.37 0.75 6.90 1.06 0.71 0.97 0.88 0.62 1.06 0.88 1.15 7.35 0.48 0.84 0.24 1.43 0.48 0.12 0.84 0.12 4.53 0.42 0.28 0.71 0.42 1.27 1.13 0.56 0.99 5.78 12.41 13.71 11.38 8.96 9.98 15.49 15.30 12.78 1072. 15.13 11.86 9.91 12.12 8.67 11.42 13.27 17.61 1130. 11.46 14.44 13.48 13.37 11.58 11.93 13.01 10.74 838. 8.89 9.73 10.16 11.28 16.22 18.05 11.57 14.10 709. BEGINNING DATE : 310775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE: THE FREQUENCIES ARE IN %. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF 30 MINUTE PRECIPITATION RATES FOR EACH SEASON APPEAR IN THE LOWER RIGHT HAND CORNER OF THE TABLE. DUE TO INSTRUMENT MALFUNCTION THE DATA ARE NOT CONTINUOUS BETWEEN THE BEGINNING AND END DATES. PLEASE REFER TO THE TEXT FOR MORE DETAILS. TABLE 6 DIURNAL AND SEASONAL PROBABILITIES OF RAINFALL PROBABILITY U) OF RAINFALL TIME (EST.) SKASON 0000-0300 030U-0600 0600-0900 0900-120U 1200-1500 1500-1800 18UO-2I 00 2100-2400 SUMMER 3.69 4.09 3.40 2.fa? 2.97 4.60 4.55 3.80 AUTUMN i.ob 3.81 3.18 3.88 2.78 3.66 4.26 5.66 Wrr.fER 2.77 3.50 3.27 3.23 2.80 2.89 3.15 2.60 SPRING 1.97 2.16 2.25 2.50 3.60 4.00 2.56 3.13 15 Figure Geographical region surrounding Lucas Heights Figure 2 Each Section represents 2 Hours Wind direction turbulence trace types (after Clark and Bcndun 1974| 17 0-1 1-2 2-8UIND SPEED SCfl-E IN tl/5 TOUENCY OF OCOfFENCE IN PFFCENT0000 EST, 7 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS SUMMER 300775 TO 10583OUU- /D IU LUJUJ Y OF CCOPfBCE IN PFRCENT0300 EST. 7 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS Mil o-i 1-2 2-4 i?-e >eUIM3 5H\ED SCnLE IN M/5 FFEQLENCT OF OCOfflENK IN PHFtENT0600 EST, 7 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS 0-1 1-2 2-WIND CffEC St.nLE IN f FPEQUENCV CF OCClfiPENCE IN PROMT 0900 EST, 7 riETRES LUCflS HEIGHTS Figure 3 Summer Bailley-type wind roses, 7 m; 0000, 0300. 0600 and 0900 EST 18 KNJ 0-1 1-2 2-<) V-8 -8Wild SPEED StflLE IN tV3 CF CCOfPENCE IN POTENT1200 EST. 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS E U sun HER TO FTBOJENCY CF OXlfPENCE IN PFPCENT1500 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS FREQUENCY OF CCCLPPENCE IN PfTCENT1800 EST. 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS MJ o-i 1-2IJIfC SPEED XO? IN r CF CCCLfRENCE IN PfRCENT2100 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS Figure 4 Summer Bailley-type wind roses, 7 m; 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 EST 19 ttl lit o-i '.-2 2-i. it-8 ->eUIMJ SPFED 5ca? IN n/5 FREQUENCY OF CCOflRENCE IN POTENT0000 EST. 7 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS RUTUMN 300775 TO 10583 CF OCOJPfOCE IN PfTCENT0300 EST. 7 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS 0-1 1-2 2-4 4-8 >6UltC CPFH3 SC<1? IN fV5 CF OCOPPENK IN POTENT 0600 EST. 7 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS NE o-i 1-2 2-^ ii-e >eWIND GPRED 5C/l? IN tt/5 CF CCOfPENCE IN0900 EST. 7 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS Figure 5 Autumn Bailley-type wind roses, 7 m; 0000, 0300, 0600 and 0900 EST 20 0-1 1-2 2-? ? UUC SPEED 5CO? IN rl/3 OF OCCURRENCE IN PERCENT1200 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS RUTUMN SD077S TO3UU//D IU WJ UIND SPEED StlE IN M/5 FREQUENCY CF CCOJB5ENCE IN PERCENT1500 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS NMJ 0-1 1-2 2-i* I.-6 ->8UIND efflED Sta? IN IV5 Y CF CCCLRRENCE IN PERCENT1800 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS 1-2 2-89=ra} SCPLE IN tvs UINTER 300775 TO 10S83JUU//J (U IUJUJ Y OF OCCURRENCE IN POTENT0000 EST. 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS UIND SPfSD SLOE IN tl/5 Y CF CCOPRENCE IN PfRCHNT0300 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS 0-1 1-2 2-^4 i?-eUIM3 SPffl} StOE IN CF OCCimNCE IN PFRCENT0600 EST. 7 HETRES LUCRS HEIGHTS o-i 1-2 2-*.UINC CPFED XOE IN FPEOJENCY CF ocaFfiEME IN0900 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS .NF. Figure 1 Winter Bailley-type wind roses, 7 m; 0000. 0300, 0600 and 0900 EST 22 KNE MJ 0-1 1-2 2-H <<-6uiro OPFED Gto? IN n/s Y OF OCOFfiENCE IN PERCENT1200 EST. 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS UINTER 300775 TO UII? SPf^C OL(:t? IN fV5 FPEQUENCV CF OCCLfPENCE IN PFRCENT1500 EST. 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS KM! --aUIND 5HID OCO? IN CF OCtumCE IN1800 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS ENE SCR? IN M^i V CF OCOfflENCE; IN HiRCENT2100 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS Figure 8 Winter Bailley-type wind roses, 7 m; 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 EST 23 (F OCCUfSCE IN PFRCENT0000 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS wrvs r CF CCCtfPEhCE IN POTENT0300 EST. 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS FPEOUENCr (T CCCLPRENCE IN PFRCENT0600 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS Bf. C-1 t-2 3-H i?-8UIND yfSD ao? IN MMJ RREOENCY CF CCClfPENCE IN PFRCENT0900 EST, 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS Figure 9 Spring Bailley-type wind roses, 7 m; 0000, 0300, 0600 and 0900 EST 24 NMJ IHJ IOJ 'SM 101 - o-i 1-2 UIM3 SPfED 5COE IN rV5 e u y* SPRING TO FFEQUENCV CF IN PFRCENT1200 EST. 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS UIN3 efFED ai^ IN n/O CF CCILPFENCE IN PERCENT 1500 ESL 7 LUCRS HEIGHTS o-i 1-2 2-^. i?-e --e WIND SPfflD SC<1? IN n/5 FTtOJENCY OF OCCLPRENCE IN PERCENT1800 ESL 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS MJ o-i i-a 2-^1 u-8 >e UIND SPEED SWLE IN fV5 FR3XJENCY CF OCClffiENCE IN PERZNT2100 EST. 7 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS Figure 10 Spring Bailley-type wind roses, 7 m; 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 EST 25 NMJ C-l \-2 2-4 J.-8 -6 UI!? GPFED O.TJE IN n/3 sun HER 81.177 TO 10583 Y CF OCOfFCNOE IN PFTC9JT0000 EST. it9 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS fTECUENCv CF CCCJTEMCE IN 0300 EST, i+9 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS fT?OU3Cv CP OXLJTENCS IN 0600 EST, i+9 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS fT?OENC.v CT KtUPSCE IN PFTCENT0900 EST, it9 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS Figure 11 Summer Bailley-type wind roses, 49 m, 0000, 0300, 0600 and 0900 EST 26 NNE c-i i-a ?-?? i.-s -6 UlN) axrED Ct1? IN PI'S CY OF OCCU^ENCE IN PTOENT12CO EST, ^9 HETRES LUCfiS HEIGHTS sunnER 81.177 TO 10583 ,,fc? t&? Cf CCClfPENCE IN PTX'.WT1500 EST. ^9 HETRES LUCflS HEIGHTS Nil o-i i -a z-UINO CITED aoe IN n/o tr cccumBCE IN1800 EST, k? HETRES LUCflS HEIGHTS FREQUENCY CF QCCUTOCE IN 2100 EST, it9 H'ETRES LUCflS HEIGHTS Figure 12 Summer Bailley-type wind roses, 49 m, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 EST 27 NiJ E U C-l !-2 ?-H <*?? ???C UIN3 3TO3 CCT.E IN tVti FREQUENCY CF OCCURRENCE IN 0000 EST. ^,9 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS fiUTUHN 81177 TO 10^83 C-l 1-2 ?.-* ??-S -6HIM: gnu a..i? IN n/o NE CF CCClfTO?:e IN PFTCENT0300 EST. 49 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS C-l '.-2 2-4 "4-8 CJ'PED aO? IN FH:IXENCV F CCCUTBCE IN0600 EST, ^9 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS C-l 1-2 ?-<< 4-S ? UIN3 OTEI3 CL1? IN n/5 CF CCCJ7BCE IN PfTCENT0900 EST. 49 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS Figure 13 Autumn Bailley-type wind roses, 49 m, 0000, 0300, 0600 and 0900 EST 28 C-l \-2 2-. 4-S -SUINO CPFEB ai.E IN n/3 ENE RUTUHN 81.177 TO 10583 ^E CF CCCUTENCE IN HTCENT1200 EST. ^9 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS CV CF CC?OT?CE IN RTtENT1500 EST. it9 HETRES LUCnS HEIGHTS UI^D CfFEC CCTJE IN H/5 Ft-SCXENCv OF CCClJTENE IN POTENT1800 EST, /t9 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS c-i 1-2 ?.~4 H-S -eUINC CJTEC anLE IN n/5 c: IN ENE. 2100 EST, iLUCRS HEIGHTSMETRES Figure 14 Autumn Bailley-type wind roses, 49 m, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 EST 29 KME ttf. 0-1 1-2 2--, <*-S '-6HUD CTETj S.T.E IN H/3 UINTER 81.177 TO CF CCCUrare IN HTONT0000 EST. t*9 HETRES LUCRS HEIGHTS IN n/o FREQUENCY CT OCClffEJCS: IN 0300 EST, ^9 HETRES LUCRS HEIGHTS OP CCUfflENCE IN PfTtENT E: IN0600 EST, ^9 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS 0900 EST. /t9 METRESLUCRS HEIGHTS Figure 15 Winter Bailley-type wind roses. 49 m; 0000, 0300, 0600 and 0900 EST 30 c-i t-2 2-? 4-s -eIN n/s E U UINTER 81177 TC 10583 C-l 1-2 2-4 4-S --G.fi? IN n/5 V CT CCCUTENK IN1200 EST. ^9 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS nr.OUENCv CF CttiPfiENK. IN PFIYENT1500 EST, V3 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS NMJ c-i i. -2 2-4 4-e -~eUIM3 CPFEC GCfl? IN tl/3 tr E IN 1800 EST, it9 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS C-l 1-2 ?-4 4-S -63TH3 XT-E IN n/5 X CT CCClfPENCE IN PFR-?NT2100 EST. i*9 METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS Figure 16 Winter Bailley-type wind roses, 49 m; 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 EST 31 c-i 1-2 e-v i4-sUIM3 OTO! X1? IN t mEO?NCv CF CCCtffiENCE IN PfRCENT0000 EST. ^9 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS SPRING 81.177 TO 10583 NE. C-l i.-2 2-M ".-6 -6UINC CPFH3 S/l? IN n/0 CV CF CCCUTEJCE IN0300 EST. i? METRES LUCRS HEIGHTS C-l i.-UVC CPFH! XTJE IN n/S .V OF cxctjnot^: IN0600 EST. i? METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS MJ 0-1 '.-2 ?-M 4-S -8lute cmc 5in? IN n/o IN PFDCENT 0900 EST, tt9 METRES LUCflS HEIGHTS Figure 17 Spring Bailley-type wind roses, 49 m; 0000, 0300, 0600 and 0900 EST 32 ENE MJ C-l 1-2 UINC CmE IXTZ IN n/3 SPRING R1177 in iQ M. / / I J I CF CCCUTTEKE IN1200 EST. '' * + + -1- + * + 9 ? ? o DIRECTION : ESE DIRECTION : E DIRECTION : ENE DIRECTION : NE DIRECTION : NNE ?9?9qi9S?SS???S?*^**K^?ii??*?***?*??M??** DIRECTION : N ? ?MKMMMMKEM >(l? * * * 1 ? 1 * ? * 000?00?o M JC M ?OOD?OO? OQP90000 a 0 ?????ooo K ? * X *-# X-* 0000 0600 Figure 19 1200TIME EST. HEIGHT = 7 CO\ 5Z Q_cn sunnER ? =101 PFVJBRBILUY ?:? - RVEPflG': o = 301 PF/JBHBILHV DIRECTION : NNU _ o ooo o DIRECTION : NU o o o ?:- .> .j. .. ?; f ?:- ? .,. o o ? o DIHECTION : UNU c 00 O o O O a D 9 .w u ? ? q .; ? ,..:.. ? o1 9 ? > S 9 + * ' '' * * I ** ' ' * . o p , DIRECTION : LJ oo?or DIRECTION : USU o I- - - ??Q ? . C DIRECTION : SU o DIRECTION -. SSUo o ??n O 0?000o, DIRECTION : 5 E - ItOOooOOOoODgOc 000000" U000D 1800 2^00 0000 0600 1200TIHE EST. 1300 Summer, diurnal variation of average, 10 and 90% of 7 m wind speeds as a function of wind direction HEIGHT = 7 n. Dl ITI IMMHUIUHN = \0l PRQBflBILITY = flVERflGE 0 HEIGHT = 7 n. RUTUriN ? =101 PROBRBILITY + = RVEiflGE 8 i. 10 8 5 it Z 10 e 6 ^ "? CO 2 5 10 a 8 LlJ 5 ? " CO 2 a o Z I" " 8 t. 2 0 10 6 e it 2 010 6 5 I. 2 010 8 6 It 2 0 DIRECTION : SSE o o 0 o c c. o ? ? o ? c- ? ? ? ? ? ? ? *%?:??'-->?** -1-* ^ * + * ?9?00o0jo0ooOO DIRECTION : SE DIRECTION : ESE Q?cO? 0?. 3 ? ooo DIRECTION : E O D~ O o 2D + ?-!--t9?? ? 0,.?0??9.:. ???SSSsS??5??OD aD???1?D DIRECTION : ENE I Q?o ?oa00^Do?a o?oo? DIRECTION : NE DIRECTION : NNE 0 a 000OOooD0p9oODO?0D 0 T- ? n O ? ? o 9 O.L ,v ?:?->-?;? ?> ?: + ?:? ?.- '?* >? * ?:-.;..;. .-f .? ? Q " g o 0 p o o n o o o o DIRECTION : N -Q 0 Q 0 OQ 00 ?0 ?? ?? 00 0? ?Q OQ DO o 8 6 i. 10 8 6 i, c 10 8 6 CO 2 E 10 a 8LL) 6 'f ?? CO 2 O 0z 10 3 B 5 it 2 10 8 6 It 2 10 8 it 2 0 10 8 S it 2 0 DIRECTION : NNU DIRECTION : NU ??0?oo oo ??q.(.99?(?,91,9,l)???99***^2?*!rh + **?+t9'*"??'i"f DIRECTION : UNU 00o?oo? o?^o DIRECTION : U ~ r, O O ftOooOOoOQODOQO_OO^ OOO 0000? . oooo?oaqO"5 ^ + + >? + i- * + -K >T h i- * + i-2 + -t iTQoc > ,.> DIRECTION : U5U DIRECTION : SU o0ooooooo?o o?? ?Q 000D000000?OOOo0? v+++ H-+ >*?!?**+* ***_^OO ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?"?? DIRECTION -. S5U I O0?o0?o0????!??oo0ooo0 oo0c. ? ?????????????????' S !5-?-* " "* *?*???? ?-??K???M? DIRECTION : 5 0 0 0 ? ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 ^ 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0o n o o o o o c , 0 o o o o o o ,. -r ?; : >? >*?'** >?>?++ >*+ + .,. o o o o o r o o 0 c T + + ++++* i > > + " t + > * M ?? ???*?.? 1 ? M K ??. *?!? !?*?>>?*?!? H- t ? MMMMMMMMMK ?!? M M ? ? " M ' ^ "^ ? M KMMKliB BMIi' 0000 0600 1200TIHE EST. 1800 2^00 1200 1800TIKE EST. Figure 20 Autumn, diurnal variation of average. 10 direction 0000 0600 and 90% of 7 m wind speeds as a function of wind 2400 HEICHT -- 7 WINTER 101 PRDBHBIUIY RVERflGE = 902 PROBABILITY HEIGHT = 7 n. UINTER 101 PROBflBILKY RVtRflGE 907. PRDBflniLUY D. CO DIRECTION : ~ o ~ o D Q ? ? o DIRECTION : a 7" o c ? ? ? Cf ? " ? -f o a ? -1- V * ? ? ? ? ? ? ' DIRECTION : ? o o o o DIRECTION : o Dc ?'?? ^ a a o DIRECTION : DIRECTION : DIRECTION : o o ?a ?<; SSE ?"?*????^]|*^**^*?**** SE ESE E ENE jQ9o?Ss9aoo o NE NNE MMMKXMJUKX1XXH * _.- ?--_!?___? DIRECTION : c -/"^o =? 0D??????????C * ?. + + ': * :? ? i- '' 2 P ff 9 ? ':' * : * i x ' 30 0600 1200 N ;. .,. ? 0 0 0 0 ? ?DOO?0Q O~ 1800 2k( 8 s 2 10 B 6 1. 2 0 10 e 5 .8 a eUJ 6 UJ ,Q_ "? (n 2 a o2 10 5 e B *, 2 10 6 6 i. 2 10 e 5 2 0 10 e 2 0 )0 OOt DIRECTION : NNU DIRECTION : NU 0oOoooooo0 0? Do00 9 ? ? ? ? 9 9 ??? 9 ??.??? ? ? * * + * * + * * * * * * "? + K ->? -r ? 9 - DIRECTION : UNU o o o o? QOo^* OOQOf-, DIRECTION : U coo? oooo? OOQ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? 0 o ? 0 D 0 a o O ? ... .;. .;. ?:- * > > * t + >? f * ':' ?' ? ? ? .t ? ' DIRECTION : U5U + + + ? .> .;. .,. ? ^ ? .:. ? ^ ? ? t !? * :' '" ' " ' * ?" * > > - DIRECTION : 5U J ? + ? ? ? ? ?> ? ? ? ?> ? ? ? ? ? + ' " '' ^ ' * * M * "' '' * h * * ^ ? ? ? > DIRECTION : SSU ? o a 0 o o o o 0 o o 0 0 0 o D ? ? ? ,, ,,. :- .> v ?:? .:. :. .-, ?:? ? + ,, ... ? o o o c, a UK**"1** * * ? * " * **??,( . ?:?w*?? **?'"":-.+:? -f KjKKKvw^^M i- ?> i- ;? ?;- ?- ?> t- ^ ?QDr, o?ooo ?::^::: DIRECTION : 5 ?OooODoOoDOOOOOO?...^'!' "''?'?'???? ' *" f'1"ri'^;?9':'0 IKKMJtKKMKW* M1* 11* ****** *'* * * M * Btw ^ ^ 0 0600 1200 1800 >-;.)- ). V ^ . i, 2 10 8 6 It 2 ooc DIRECTION : T ? * ?:? ?:? ?;- ?; * * *?>?:.* + * ' ? ? , M * ? * ? 1. ..?..?.?,. ..?'* DIRECTION : DIRECTION : ?99?9999o??**?*';'???i|^M*)i*iii* DIRECTION ; 00 DIRECTION : DIRECTION : 0 o? o? DIRECTION : DIRECTION : 0 0600 1200 o - aui rnuBHBiLi i T SSE x ? ? v > x ? M . * * * * + + + + * + ? ?"????,,,,,,, SE ESE E ENE OOOOOOpj NE OOOO?Ooo NNE ?? 00 0 N ??o??o 1800 Zk{ s 6 z a e 6 z 10 e 6 ^ * tz i? a 8H i e ?jj , Q_ "? 05 2 r~i oz '? 3 8 6 <* 2 10 8 6 Z 10 8 6 10 8 B )0 OOC DIRECTION : DIRECTION : DIRECTION : DIRECTION : M???i??MiMM, ?'.?*?**'''"* DIRECTION : 0oo o0 0o D?o DIRECTION : 0 o o o o o o 0 o o o ? ? ? ? -, ??> * * * * * + * ^ ' f DIRECTION -b o- Oo oo o DIRECTION : ??oQooaaooaa?0a0? ********* 0 0600 1200 ?~ o = MUi rnuDHDiLiii NNU NU 0? ?0 0 UNU U o o o o !. ^??+ V+++J.+ VI. , , 0 D +*+Oooo?o"o * ? ?*????. TM.?,. USU 000?OOOD00 r) * + + t ?>? 'I- ?> ?!? 'I- .j ? ^ 0 0 0 ? o 0 Q 0 su 0 00 ,. 0000? 0 ?' r "? '?? .;. ?* ^ . y a ? ? o o o".-"?--."??.I^:;^:; ssu 0 00oaooo00 + + * + "? * ^ v * + +1 ? ? ? ? o o o c * - ? ? x ? , M m *?'>*+ * ?; t iK * M K S ?'' + * + * * * * + ?>?+ f ? ? ? o o o o o 0"??????.,?_ +'*?>.?.,, 1800 2UO TltlE EST. TINE EST. Figure 22 Spring, diurnal variation of average. 10 and 90% of 7 m wind speeds as a function of wind direction HEIGHT - V9 1. sunnER ? '101 PROBABILITY + = RVERflGE o = 901 PROBHBIL1TY HEIGHT = 49 fl. sunnER * ^101 fROBHSILUY + = flVERftGE o = 901 PROBflBJLirr I3 0 0000 0600 DIRECTION : SSE 0 OO 0 x*x*****xx*xlx*f xxx********m*** ****** x**x*xxxmffi. . DIRECTION : SE DIRECTION : ESE o o n o DIRECTION : E DIRECTION : EME DIRECTION : NE DIRECTION : WE - 0g?C 99?0 ??2 DIRECTION : N - o 00??????? o;?s^?? l<5 12 e i, 20 16 12 8 i, 20 5 2? CD '^ H 12 a! 8 Z 205 '?> 12 e it 20 IS 12 e i. 20 !<, 12 e It 20 16 12 It 11 DIRECTION : NNU ~ o o D o 9 ~O d ?OD+CI 2 +2?++? +9?++2?$99?+++++++M+ * DIRECTION : NU oo0oo 00oo a DIRECTION : UMU DIRECTION : U o c 0??0o ?+0? DIRECTION : 0 P^ljo ? Q 00 ? * ?? K Oa + + ??O ? '!"Q+"'"^M++''-K ?**? + + + *?t ** * ** KM* DIR?'CT!DN : 2U! 0o o c* T 2 DIRECTION : SSU OIRECTION : S f-jOOOn^nn D DODOoO-f++j."'"+ +? Ljoutjoooooooooy +4- + "*" fl ??o? j oa o i ? >'*'?I"1".. * x ? > * ?x Ja o o ? M i"*^S* 8+fiflOQC C (; *+I + g9DOB( + A * ? * I * x* 0 + ^;!5 9S'?Q?? 00?0 o+Q??or.f.0oo0^ * * * M * ? *X m 0 0 ?? ? ?o?J? o O'.aoaog V + ?9g+ t + + -r4t??c 1 * 1"1" 8 CD It I 5 ZO a ' |JJ 12 of s(f> I, z zo IZ 16 12 8 ft 20 16 12 8 it 20 16 12 8 it 20 16 12 1 it DIRECTION : NNU DIRECTION : NU on 0? o?o o o o0ooDoDo??0a DIRECTION : UNU 0 DIRECTION : U - o o o o -OOOOOoOoooQooOOOD 4+?4++ DIRECTION : USU 0 Or, ?oooooooo ?'?o 0oo0 Ooo 00?o00o o?o + ? >(?'!' DIRECTION : SU o o o?? DIRECTION : SSU DIRECTION : S ^ + + 44 + 4 + ??? + ? + !??4??+ + + -'- + n + + i+ + I )0 0600 1200 1800 2? DIRECTION : UNU ~ O?Oo?O ? o 0? ?o oo oo oo oo00 ?? ? ?+ + + ++ ++ + + + DIRECTION : U oaooOooOoO?CD > + + + + . n. + + + 4. + + + + + +l.+ + + + + DIRECTION : USU jooOooOoo90ooonoooooo0o000oooo?D ,,,????* ?? ??..,,,.,?, *?),?xX)<|( DIRECTION o??oooo?ooQ ^j 9o??9?$S9 DIRECTION 0 ? oooo?oo? anao? DIRECTION DIRECTION 29S;o?9?9?S?5?*St+9S??9S9 DIRECTION -o OOOO^QOOOO OQOO?OOOOO : SSE ?S?S????S??o??o?o00o?oo : Sf : ESE : E ??99??oo?o5? : ENE : NE ?0o900?o : NNE ???S? + + ^,^+9?9'P99999SSi; : N o o o ? ?0?0?? +++ ??+o0000 ??0 ******** ,+)*** xl******* 12 B It 20 12 I, 20 12 r^ 8 5 2? a IjJ 12 ol1 8 LO ,, Z 25 " 11 12 8 20 n B t, 20 12 8 it 20 11 12 8 It 0 DIRECTION : NNU nOOo o00oOo00o0? ? ??^? 4.<. + ;;o 0D 5oo0 0oaoooo + + + +t + + + + + + +++ x DIRECTION : NU o 0 oD ao0 ?ooo , DIRECTION : UNU ? ? 0%0ooo?o C?Q ?? + + + + + + ++01-i???5$;???5????9S5s + + + + t + + ?*??? x + xL DIRECTION =?oU ??0C? o 000 ?? o*+? c?o?ooooooo OD QO + + -f? + + *+++ + TT,, + + 1 DIRECTION : USU ? 0 ? ?? 0o CO?DOO ? DIRECTION : SU o??Co? ?!o??? ? o?|of' o ' o o"1 ??o?+ **^D ??o;?oao ^?X*,(X xXXxXuKX^.^^'x^X ******* * , DIRECTION : S ? OQO ^OQOQOO .j.-t--f + + + '*'"*'*i ++++*. (?+ + +. ++++ + + +4. + + ++'*' K Xw? ??**,???" " M ?,? xx ?xx?M * *," * *,* ' ;.*??i?*J? ?j;:-:-oc * *"XXM? * "? *x "x x -orc%OQC + xx?xx"rxxx 0 0 30 ? 0? 0?C 0000 0600 1200TINE EST. 1800 2^00 0000 0600 1200TIME EST. 1800 Figure 26 Spring, diurnal variation of average, 10 and 90% of 49 m wind speeds as a function of wind direction 100. '90. oa: a, ?70. _ 50. DIRECTION USU 100. '9C. b -?80.en occ Q_ (- SEHSON : sumER - 0000 TO 0300 EST.0300 TO 0600 EST. 0600 TO 0900 EST.0900 TO 1200 EST. 1200 TO 1500 EST.1500 TO 1800 EST. 1800 TO 2100 EST.2100 TO 2i*00 EST. ii, 8.PERSISTENCE TIME fl/2 HOURS] DIRECTION USU a: _! :60. r 50. SPEED CHTEGORV < 5 OBSERVflTION LEVEL -- 7 QflTE : 300775 TO 1 0^"83 0000 TO 0300 EST.0300 TO 0600 EST. 0600 TO 0900 EST.0900 TO 1200 LST. 1200 TO 1500 EST.1500 TO 1800 EST. 1800 TO 2100 EST.2100 TO 2i*00 EST. 15. 30.PERSISTENCE TIKE Cl/2 HOURS] 100. DIRECTION USU QOOO 03000600 09001200 15001800 2100 50. PERSISTENCE TIHE ri/2 HOURS]20. 100. DIRECTION USU 50. 10. 20. PERSISTENCE TIME fl/2 HOURS] TO 0300TO 0600 TO 0900TO 1200 EST TO 1500 ESTTO 1800 EST TO 2100TO 2^00 OOCO TO0300 TO 0600 TO09CO TO 1200 TO1500 TO 1800 TO2100 TO G-.'GGCbOO 09001200 15001800 2100 EST.EST. EST. EST.EST. L'JT. L'rr' isr!EST. EST.EST. EST. Figure 27 Diurnal variation of the 7 m west-south-west wind direction persistence as a function of season 50. 40. - DIRECTION : USU (T JU. COO ccQ_ ?20. ciO. LJ 0000 TO 0300 EST.0300 TO 0600 EST. 0600 TO 0900 EST.0900 TO 1200 EST. 1200 TO 1500 EST.1500 TO 1800 EST. 1800 TO 2100 EST.2100 TO 2400 EST. 0. 20. 40.INVERSE PERSISTENCE TIME fl/2 HOURS) SPEED CRTEGORY < 5 DIRECTION : USU DU. e-J >- 1? _l ?30. COo cc ?20. i?a: _i?^ c 10. o n r1 ' ' ;'/ i ' "* 'J.!!-1'1"' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ':s' I:i!'? fjf SERSON : flUTUHN - : \ \ ^ ,,,, 1 :,,. 1 ,:,: 1 ,,,,],,,: 1 :,,:'- . . ._... 0. 15. 30.INVERSE PERSISTENCE TIME Cl/2 HOURS) 50. DIRECTION : USU 10 3 a 3- c ^o ' ^J V) ? S;5" 03o v3 c 3n 5' o c c. v:n 3 C. ?n oc. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY ft- PflSQUIL L STR5!L!T Y CATEGORIE S G F E D C B q G F E D C Bn c, F E D C B 1! G f E Cc B n G F E 0 C B f\ G F E G C 3 fl G F E C C 8 a G F E D C B R USWiC VEBTICqi. TEtlPEflflTUflE * = (WEWiGE GRFCIENT CfllTEflin. StUHIER * " 921 ?OB'8'LITY 7 + -H.+ + + + 4 4. 4. DIRECTION : *XXMM * + + SSE + DIRECTION : SE * ^ + + + ^i+**mm***m*** + + DIRECTION : * * * ? M n i * i * * + * ESE t + * DIRECTION : J!i;**?i* ?Mj*+++rh ++ E : M**M"??x..xM,.,^:M,,?*" * + + + + + ? .r DIRECTION : ; ?"'-..,."... ENE + 4. + 4. + tt + DIRECTION :ItixxS*x*'"?x4.. r s ? ++++++++++++ T + + ** + 4. + * DIRECTION : ?X?X??XXM?Xt+4. + * * " " * X X X ? I I I I * , NL" +* Jii*t* *^* NNE 4 M ?*???*?* T4. + + +t + 4-+ ++ DIRECTION : ? "> ;.*,..*,*;; i^ X XX XX ~ ^xXXjiXxxXxi - 3;....??x., )0 0 sunriER 0600 1200 TIME EST. 1800 Figure 30 Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities based on the USNRC temperature gradient criteria as a function of wind direction: Summer in rro OUJ i? >-i ? _i enu. i? _i o crn IUR3ULEKCE J1ETHOO FOR HOFIIZONTBL 0)SP?nSION PflnfllEIEniSflTION RT 7n SUMMER F En B H C F E C C Bn T + + + + + + +I.++ + + + DIRECTION: SSE ?X*X?X*XM>I??XIIM^++. . + ? + - + - * + + + + + + + .+,.,.+ DIRECTION: SE - . ixx*x ???*,,?,, B++ + : *?*;?;;ix, *..?*?****- F E C C eq G F E D C D R F E D B 1 C F E D C H F E C n F E 0 C B R - + * ~ t * + + DIRECTION : E5E ~ ' X X X * * * r + "? X XX***** v-.1- I """"""xJiijixiixxiiix - T + + T*?***i* * DIRECTION: E r * x x * * * * x . " + * . = X X ' " - """??s^i,,*********** - * ? BVEHnoE TURBULENCE nETHOO FOB HOTIZONIH. + ? 901 PWBflBILIIT DISPEB5ION PflRflTETEHlSflllCN HI 7n + + + + + * + j. + + + B^liM*'1 x.xx *?? . + + ++ + + * + - + ,x.?''***x?x?*?* F E 0 C B R G F E [ C B R -r -r -r .,. + + + + + + + m ?*?*** + + ?; + * ",xxx*"--xx**m* ?*?*?"" -i- + * + ** + 4 + ij*+ DIRECTION: ENE + + + + + + + - **xx?Ix* 7-i-TT* + ** + <. + + j+ DIRECTION : NE ix?xx?xx*??x m" + -i-... """xiSJiJiijii ?*?**'""'" p .-...+ x.xx..**** '''* 'xMi xx ** + + ?> DIRECTION: NNE "**?mv++ * Ml1* i * i i i ********** - T .> + -r -r . -r T X X X'' X X * t?xxxi*?** ?ixxx**xx??x''' + + DIRECTION: N ~ * > * t i ?? MixiJ^iSJilJ**** 1 1 0000 0600 1200TIME EST. Figure 31 Diurnal variation of + /*!x???*M*+*i*x x X 1 cn f '^ Eor ? o co e OJ q <-> F >- E f- B -1 B CD "or c S ^_l D ? 1 B 0 " <-*+v- ? XX*?*XM,X,M ++ * X: *?.. - * . RVEl'.RCEsunnER * ? 9ai p?iB?jiLiir DIRECTION: NNU x+ + + + *?*xx + + + i+ + -fi + _Ii + ?x *??"*???*??* DIRECTION : NU + "* * f + * + * + + + * " "x,*** +. ++ ++T xtix*,****xJlxxxixxxj,***' ? *? + * m * ,* ? K ? * -? ? M ^T^. ~ ? +: ?*. - *? + + j - T ; + , * * T - + ;??*?,?**.? . %. ~ ? ~ DIRECTION : UNH " h + ' ' ' T ; f * ?i-Ti->t+ + lil()*>(1** **iiM?xx?****M*M DIRECTION : U - _.."*,+ +- -* T""?x? * + jxx??*x?x?* ""..x.xxx*,***** r ?*? -i- -r T * "*" * T * ?*? -r -r - K*-rr'' ~ r h > r K ?*? -r ^ * + *? ??- T > t?M?(M?tMMll[?'(MliM-f -r ^ - x x DfRt'CTION : IJSU + + ^ , + ++ .? T +. . x*x, xxx. ?>+ . + v ++ix;xx? DIRECTION : SU . 4 > " * + * * * " + . x x i ? ? i "I **** x*,*"****'"1''*'"* X -t + + + T+4..r-r-'+-r+.i. *.. DIRECTION : SSU + ^ T + -, ?.?.??;x??*1?''<1<>""'**4 ?* _ "*" -f """"xij 1 1800 2^00 0000 0600 average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities: DIRECTION : 5 + ;. + + + + xxx.xxiix11*4***"******'"*''""""* 1 1 1200 1800 2UOOTIME EST. turbulence method at 1 m; a function of wind direction: Summer * ? HVEflflGE WITH (1972) TIETHOO FOB VtRIICO. TEGORIE S + !;?* ? DIRECTION : E "S, , ft^ij-i-^-f^-i- -^-t--*-':'?i??ft??j(?J??.. ??'t'* + + B?i*+ DIRECTION: ENE ** -r ?????T""'":' DIRECTION: ME . ft *"'**^-fi ' ++ DIRECTION : NNE """ ""**,, *i+, +*++*++:s n. + +++* + + DIRECTION : N **** + ^ -ii,. 1 ! 0600 1200TIHE EST. + - 9=1 pfloaqeiLUT + + + + -'-i. + + <-* + JJ.*""1 +++*++++++++ , ?. ..?.??.?? Si**" ^nX^MKXKMXX* . . M *ii** + -t ?' :- ? ^ -?? + T .,. v ? ? i* * '^..ft.ftft,,.,,, ??**"* + *KKKMKK*M)(B .,??**"* ;;.,?????. .Si."*** . T ****** i 1800 2k( TEGORIE S a: C_) ABILIT Y t? CO _i_i Z3 0 a: Q. )0 F E C B q F E D C B R F E I! r B q r F E I! C B q F C C B q F E D Ce q F E D C 3n F a ca n ooc DISPERSION PRRHrtEIEHlSmiOS St-IHHER ' " 9Cl "^WlItY ;** + * + + + ** DIRECTION: NNW ? + *l*?* + 4 +- ?xx????ft + * * ? * * * * ' - "Stfttiiii:,.1""" -*****"."** + DIRECTION: NU + *+-?\? + .+*?*??. ????+ i?*?? * ? ? ? w * X: **., ..,..****" ?***.*4t*. ***?"* ;???*I+ft??i+ DIRECTION: UNU + + .*i.?"''' + + +?**KpB**j( j(K***HM?l - * **t* *? .******""*"?*,*. ,4,....** "iftftftftjij,,,*,,"1 i++ + + + + -t + + + : ? ~ . . ?:. .-, . +| i.ftftftftft., + DIRECTION : USU " + ' ' " i ? i * b ""*?. 4* . * .i*.?* * , *, i,ft.,.?.?^- DIRECTION: SU + ^?.^......? *""****.;+ ^it"*""*""* i + ??'*?i'k + + ?++ DIRECTION: SSU + + + * * * ^ ^ * * + *'"i*?? i<1 + + + ,ft + + *?*i**J''**"M*>' - ;.?.T+ + + . + + DIRECTION: S ++'+ ?? , ~lli )0 0600 1200 1600 2^0 TinE EST. Figure 32 Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities: turbulence method at 7 m: a function of wind direction: Summer. Smith |1972) method .L STRBILIT Y CRTEGORIE S PRSGUI L G F E 0 C 8 1 C, F E 0r B G F E D C B G F E G C B n 0 F D C B G F E 0 C B 1 G F E D C B K G F D C B R aync VERTICRI. UHPSRRTURE GRIO.'ENT CRITERIR. flUTUNN ;;.x"xx"..."...;;^ + DIRECTION : SSE * . RVEBflGE USNRC VEnilCRL TEnPERRTURE -? ?1? D ? J B m R f FCO J _J D -J C 5 " O nto or = Q- F E Cc B H 0 C B q C F E 0 C B n IiJ**?*x?*x,xi+ DIRECTION: NNU I "?MX."**''""''' * ? RVEcnGE ^.x**..*.14511** if??itiitt?***?t+ DIRECTION: NU"i + t + *..**?.i. *;,.?? - Ixix Jxl-*xxxx x DIRECTION:. UNU : ?-...-?-- + + + +++ ?? * ,. * * + ,tx, ,??.?;.?... xixxxJitt?**?x' DIRECTION: U - M++ ++++-t-+ + : ".*+.:."---"'" ~Ii Jj*t i?i? ?xi DIRECTION: U5U X K K X X IxxJJxiiixiiii^t DIRECTION: SN I *"?"? 1 *m t -F tTT"' 1- ?- - ? feixxxxxxxxx?x,+ + DIRECTION: SSU : *???*?;. "mx^x5 7K?KXKXSKKxX|(X., DIRECTION : S* + i i 1800 2^00 0000 0600 1200TIHE EST. of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities based on the + + s.***' J****{*'j! t+J. J. .. + + + tJ*?,.ii'? ii'"*'"M 1 ? - ? ? 1I t;;?I:.,..^t^V* i 1800 2<*QO USNRC temperature gradient criteria as a function of wind direction: Autumn PRSOUIL L STRBILIT Y CRTEGORIE S G F E D C B C F E D C B q G F E C C B q G F E D C B q c F E 0 c B n G F E D C B R G F E D C B B G F E D Ca R * T TURBULENCE METHOD FOR HCRIZONTRL DISPERSION PBBRtlETERlSRTION RT 7n RUTUflN + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + DIRECTION: SSE ********** >?++ + + ? f+++ + + + +] + DIRECTION: 5E """"""""?^;;;:;*(t4 * - flVEri.'-' t ? 931 PROBRBILITT f++^*ir*****'****** *********"******** !? K ? f > + + + + + + * + DIRECTION : ESE ? " ? * * ??."?^ + *?"t+ + +'.KM" * ? aM*???TT'i'll' + + .?*>l??ili?>?^ -*+ f + + + + ** + DIRECTION : E * * *** -t +TT*++?*? + + . T + + ++i?*"?r^++ - ,*-r*++ "4-, +*.* DIRECTION: ENE * *? **?"???li?S?*? ...???"""" a t^mM-'--:- T^ T-J-x-r + DIRECTION : NE ******* * * -f ^ .+ -tf****^'***. * > DIRECTION: NNE * + <.* + * + *VT* + * + + * ? * H * X ? "?",*++ + " T T BM?**?*'*'I?*? ?*? + i + i + *<.++ + + * DIRECTION : N **?*?I'*M?''??'r * . 1 1 0000 + + M?||'?J*'1'** ?**?* + ? * ?* ?* 1 1TEGORIE S PRSQUIL L STRBILIT Y C F G F E 0 C B R G F E D C a G F E D C B R C F E D C B R G F E 0 C B R G F E D C B q G F E 0 C B q G F E D C B q if - X TURBULENCE HETHOO FOR KmlZONTflL * ? BYW-TGE DISPERSION PRRflnETERlSnT ION RT 7(1 RUTUHN t . 901 "HOURBILITT i + +j-n- + T* + + + -n.+ DIRECTION: NNU t + " ' * + + + v * * + ; * ** + x-f ++ E *?iJi+4+'t'++ * ** "*i + + +t + Ii + ;-. + + + DIRECTION: NU +.+ + -+l + + + -.+** * ** * * * x + + + ^ +|Ti-' 1'1", *'"?,,' -t ' - + - + + **??"??* ?M *?JM +++ * T*+-+???? ???? ?1.+ + + *+++++ + ',^^ DIRECTION: U , + .. ,. t .t + + + v *??"*??*????1I," + ** + + T * * + , . ' *<**** * "?*is*^^,?""- ^ ??" ? ?K r>+++ + + + ,. + + ,,,.+ + DIRECTION: USU v , * + + f - ; ***t******i**m''x* - _ t+ + n-+ + T *+- T TT + T DIRECTION : SU + + , T + + * ;?. ~* "?>+^* + + ++Tt|-T + + + DIRECTION : SSU . + T + + ^ + "Sljij-s-i.-* ? " ??? -r T ." ? ; + ***' + + T++h + + +1-+ DIRECTION: S + + v + , + + 'r + + t + 0600 1200 1800 2^*00 0000 0600 1200 1800 TIHE EST. TIME EST. Figure 34 Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities; turbulence method at 2t*0 7 m; a function of wind direction: Autumn en'jj oc 0o lijt? or V-i ? _i enor i? _i_i Z3 Oto (Xc_ c F E D C B a G F E C C B q F Ec c ea G F C 6 q F E c c B q G F E D C B q D C B q 'JHTH (1972) ttETHOD FOR VERTICAL DlGPERSIC-i PBRWETEHIWIION + ++++4- + +++4- + *.********m*mr + * * 1. + + 4- + ?*?~ + + 4- + + 4- ^.....,....?f^^ flUTUHN DIRECTION -. SSE DIRECTION : SE *I***tt***s** * - RVERRCE + . 9!1 FRCBISIUTY ?*** ;;***"***"??"?;?ti |j?"i????-lk?ts DIRECTION : t'SE *+-*-T-rT + +?. *i< ?"'*??;,; t j !?.;;*.??**?*, ^ ?"B-***?""?.*4. r" """"""*\:,. - * x : '"**+ 1 ?E"F 0000 0600 Figure 35 DIRECTION : f DIRECTION : t'NE ******$****** DIRECTION : NE DIRECTION : NNE **1*il?tii*** DIRECTION : N i**i*i;iti*'l's 1 K K **'" * * + + * ? ? * * * * M ? ? * * ? * i*** *? ?* ? c F E Dr B q RBILIT Y CRTEGORIE S PflSQUIL L S T F E 0 c B q F E 0 C B fl WITH (1972) METHOD FOR VtRIICflL ?F--'+*++4.++4-4-*<.4 ?".??, ,?,,,.> *i + ? ??????'?.,.?;; * ? RVERROE RUTUHN + ? '? mt? DlhECTION : NNU ?-1'i.i + + *? M """ iiSS*.!*****'*" DIRECTION : NU *???>,* * * * i i j j i ; j * ? i * * WL,,r ? * M * M * M *****?" ???? ??"?*.,,_,. I..4. -t-4.4.4.4.4.T++T ~ * * * ? . p ?* + 4. + * + r-+- ,? i -+ + T' lt?MM,?M?,-,> - ? " ~ * * m 1 1200 1800 2^*00 0000 0600TIME EST. Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities: DIRECTION : UNU ? " + + * + ? *?*? **ti.*iit*** **i*fii*i)ii ? ??*?** **?*?**** i * liitiiitttJJ**"" 1200 HiOOTine EST. turbulence method at + T ^ -r*^F-^T 2UC 7 m; a function of wind direction: Smith |1972] method; Autumn U$NRC VERTICH TErfERflTURE WROIENT CfllTERIB. UINTER = flVERflGE - 931 PROBABILITY USNRC VEnTICflL TEHPERflTURE WR01ENT CRITERIfl. * - nVERRCE UINTER + -<>? oro o LlJ 1?or CJ encr. oto (XQ_ -f + + : **"?,,'.? i* + i + + + ++*+ + + + DIRECTION - **** "* i^+i + \ + *+x x . x X *- X * ilx,*+ ** x + DIRECTION I "?"" * i* "t . *.+^ X *?: ? * -?**+* + DIRECTION * ? *? ?* +J ~ X +: * * + + DIRECTION "* X * i* *?* i DIRECTION? ? j? ? ? + * j + + j + F * " S.ijijk^St".^; i DIRECTION * + + + + ~ * ? * i??i*i?i?J?ixi+ DIRECTION *** 4++tt++ 1 | : SSE sfij;;;;;;;i!;s??.-?"" + + -h + -*-*+ * X****** ? ESE +4Jt*JjM?t?^i * + * * * ? * * M* . [? ++***i + +++++++:* 1'"'' ** ? *M%?"" : ENE i*tilitt*? ,:?*'V* : NE + + + ?*i*''''*!i*;ii*"" * + + + + + m X : NNE +4-*- + |ti 1*1x1* + ++ + x><1'*'* : N +;++*;J;?ii:it + + + ?>? + ji*1 ! CC O LLJ 1 ? (X CJ >- I? _l on i? CO _l_l Z)a cr Q_ F C B n F L D C B n 0 u eq F E D e A 0 F t D C B R F E C 8 q r, F > 3 j a ) o a r D t Ba **!*!*!x**i**xi+ DIRECTION x *? + I """??, **. ?iJtI?ii'?il?II*+ DIRECTION ~ x f + ixijxitlixili'1** DIRECTION ~ ? M + xxlx*x?lxxxll,"f+ DIRECTION X X + X'?xx xx ? X X X X X X X X * X X X * , ^ X + + L Txxxxxx.xxxxxx^" DIRECTION : "i;",s-. .i*++<.+++ - : NNU tj.tit,;il.ixi + + t * * ??""* 4- 1 * * ^tli**1" *** : U + + * ' i * * t Ji +t+++ii ii*"*11**"* "" : HSU ^+ + ->*x+tl,,1; ,????"** : 5U i+ + ""J?xx''xii + + lt***'"M * xx " * : 55U + + ^+*Mi ?,???''?? ;*!{;*?? +++++41"**"" ! 0000 0600 Figure 36 1200 TiriE EST. 1800 2UOO 0000 0600 1200TIHE EST. 1800 ZkQQ Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities based on the USNRC temperature gradient criteria as a function of wind direction; Winter PflSQUIL L STflBILIT Y CRTEGORIE S c F E D C B D G F E D C B C F E C C B q c F E 0c B q G F E D C B q G F I D C B q G F E D C B R G F E D C B R TURBULENCE tlEIHOO FOR HORIZONTBL DISPERSION PBHRnEIERISnilON flT 7H Ul I NTER lx*XXXX,MI1M??xllmji^ + xxxxx'xt** ~ Fi- + + + + + + + + + + ?tt+ + DIRECTION : SE ?"? X X ? ? X X , X I X + + . ,. + + * = RVERBGE TUBBULEHCE ISTHOO FOR HORIZONTRL * . RVEflHGE + ? 901 PROBflOILIIT DISPERSION PHWnETEBISmiOH HT 7H UINTER + - 901 PROBtBILITt + MKM??IlB*??M* X M r + + + + + + ?t + J. + '1' + + OIRECTION : ESE *xx? *??, .?x* -M X : * * x'i.x*!** + + -r + X.*"* -* i x?* ** + " * + DIRECTION : + E? + ? ? ? ? " M _ + i +-* **?**? + + ? * + x Jx *xx -** t * * t i* DIRECTION t ENE - X -f * + T + **?""" ** "? ? *-:::;?*:s**' *? ? *4 i ? DIRECTION : NE 1- ? + ? ** ++ ^ : ? - ??,:**** -' + "+ * + v+x +* + + DIRECTION: NNE "??"?; ?"? +???? ++ . ** x x * x x * ;;;..?- ????-? 7 + + + + + + + +t** + + + +* OIRECTION : N 1 1 '1"i'??1"'><"""Ilc ^ X 1 F E Dc 3 R G F E D C B R G tO F tl Een o o c CD B UJ n cr c <-> F >- E 1? 0 ?1 B5 ' ? =to F _J 0-I c ? ? 52 ccr j Q- F E 0c 8 R G F E D C B R F E D C B R ixxxxx^xx'.'x11''^**^ + + + + >M??????, x,.-,x x?x '? + + + + + + + + + + + + + +* DIRECTION: NU + + ? + + + ++++.^4 - + + + + + + ++ ++ + + + ++ DIRECTION: UNU + + + + + 4 ixM??xMMx* x, ?? ++ i+++xx? r+++ *?!? :;: T T+. + + +> + + ++ OIRECTIO'* : U - + + h + + DIRECTION : USU + + T + - , n. ++ . . DIRECTION : SU . + + t + 7-rT + +> + ++tn. + + t + T DIRECTION: 5SU + ,. + + + > ?? T + + * + ' ,.4* + 4 + * + + *+ +4 + + + + + DIRECTION : S +f>+>-f+-i- + + "ill 0000 0600 1200 1800 ?UOO 0000 0600 1200 1800TIME EST. TIHE EST. Figure 37 Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities; turbulence method at XX- 2tfO 7 m; a fimction of wind direction; Winter toLLJ CC 0 CD UJ1 ? rr t_> >-i? _l CD 11 ' ? CO _J 0 a. G F D C B c F E D C B q G F 0r B q F E C C B q r D C B q G F D C B q F cr B q F E D C B q ooc WITH C1972) flETHGD FDD VERTICIt * = BVERRGE DISPERSION PflRfltlETERISBTION UINTER + - 951 PHOBqBILITT - + 't + + ??? + + + + + + DIRECTION: SSE ++xxxx,**'l"1'++* + + x it x * * x* x J * * *M * ?. * * *******: **.*,.,.*, it*1** + *+ + ? DIRECTION ? St" ++xxxx+* + + + + +? + ? *x x t ? + + * ? ? "**+?**? x ??*' ? ?*-',.?S^.."" ' * _ _ M K + * T nrRFTTrnw - F 4.M"f + + . . ? ??*?.,... "? " *i"t - "*"? ,*,*t ,*...?* x * 4?Mx* . x11 ""xm m m ? _ - ?: M* -"jii*** xxx ?x + x DIRECTION: NE + - ? * x ?* x * x x * + ? * * * 't " M,**"*- *?? *,xi?*S* ?"'x^* * xx ?"x * *** + ++*. . . M*x- xxxxjjjxx* - X : "" * ** + . . 4 .."? "** i*Si +'i'4.?t*i i x x i ' "ill )0 0600 1200 1800 2k t TIHE EST. G F 0 C Ba r E 0c B q G CO F UJ E CC B0 C O B ? . cr G j_ E 1? 0 ??' C ?1 B m "cr G m F _J D_J c ? 1 0 0 B cr ?i? ^ B Ce A F D C a q E 0c a )0 OOC U1ITH t!97Z) HEIHOO FOR VERTICBL DISPERSION P?Wt1?TERISflT ION UINTER ***. ********** - + + ********** X X: **.?,*t*,*.? : * ***?;, ?***. * I """****, iixii** : *"***?*??,*.,*?? : ^**.*.,ti.M., i<.- + + + + + ++<. + ++ DIRECTION: E I **t**xtx?;x?* 1 1 0 0600 1200 TIME EST. 1800 Figure 38 Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities: turbulence method 7 in; a function of wind direction; Winter, Smith (1972) method t-nNJ 2UOO at CO LU O O LLJ 1 ? IT LJ >- 1 ? _l CO 1 ? CO _l _l O u_ O- F La c B c F E 0c B rj F E D C B c F i 0 C 3 q c F t C C B q F E C C B q C F E 0 C B B C F E D C B R ooc UGNHC VERTICHI. TEHPERRTUBE UTOENT CH1TERIR. SPRING ? + + + + + + + .,. + .,. DIRECTION : SSE ?*K?M??MII?B]|(+* + 7 + + + + * + + t DIRECTION : SE ******** j,^* *+ + + ++ + .H.+ ++ + + + ? MXMMKgXVKggj T +t+ + DIRECTION : ESE -??;? ?**.i?? + + + + + + + + + + H. 7+ + + DIRECTION : E ~ **x I* * ? * * ? + ;+i + + -n-1-++++ + * ""x*.****^ ? *,\ t t+ i DIRECTION : ENE ~ " * ?''>< + i + + 4-+ + + + + + + + : * ***m*******i*l + ?>? DIRECTICN : NE ?t? !,*?** ?M*i+H-t,.+ ++ , + + ++ + + + + ? *Mlt)tX?KKKM>t..* ? X ^ + + T + + + + j + + + OIRL'CnCN : NNE M**HM* T MMKXX_ X * ? )( M*Mj( ?*+++ + + + + + DIRECTION: N S???M???*?? t +: "'?::::;;:?:':?: 0 0600 1200TIHE EST. * - RVERRGE + + +** **X* ***** 4. + + + + ?*? + + + + + + ;;?i<1,???x ii??'iiif ?*?* + * j M ^ * * ? * * * * + ? + +++MK M ? M?M? + J* * + + + + * + i'"*i* "* *** +++iij**t??*il H.* + + ?M X * -f-t- + -r+++ + ?f + ? ?? K 1800 2^( CO LlJ ff O IJJ 1 ? -- 1 ? _J CD 1? CO _l _J Z3 O en D_ 30 F E D C B C F E D C B 9 F E B C B A F E B C B R C F E D C B q F E D C B R 0 F E D C B q G F E 0 C B R OOC USWC VERT I CHI TEnPERRTURE * - RVERflCt GBOIENT CRIURIR. SPRING + ? 9SI PKSflaiLlTY TS?.Mlt,??Sl + + DIRECTION: NNU n-t + Jjjt.Ji.ji ?a*** ++++++ *+ ++ +* + **** ??Jt;i*;,jil^ DIRECTION: NU + 4 * , i i S ? 1 i ? 1 * *: ??*++ +++++++ +*++++;*+;" ???,? ,?.??"???? "' li*i?+it?**i+ DIRECTION: UNU ++^t*- + l??? S-J.Ml.xJ-ii*,. DIRECTION: U + - + * t J + J J ? + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ?"???* = M*??.^X.""MM"KMMM ;jl??i??J?!l.h+ DIRECTION: U5U + + , + , + + + + + -** ** . ++ * ii". ******* ''?+1-.f+ + + + + + +-f.K++ + + + *]|?' ??M?????Mit + \ DIRECTION: SU +< + + , + i- T + + J J - M'*"''++ + + 'l' + + + + + + -f+h-f + -fK>' * I *???????? ??*M???"?" i^.i-BBM.**** DIRECTION: SSU +t + + + + ?+I I * "ll??<' + + + *4"f+*M?x ******* i,n- + + + + + + + + ++ DIRECTION: 5 ^ + + t + + +* *i<>'II?x**''??? f+ +-'+'1' ?? ******- *"**r*r* ii????. .????""" ~iii 0 0600 1200 1800 2^0 TIHE EST, Figure 39 Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities based on the USNRC temperature gradient criteria as a function of wind direction: Spring TURBULENCE I1ETHOI) FOR HCfllZONTRL DISPERSION PWWOERISRTION HI 7H SPRING HVERRGE 901 PRDBHBILITY TURBULENCE nETHOO FOR HOBUONTHL DISPERSION PERWETEHISfltlON RT 7n SPRING 90t PRCOfeiLItT CO OJ DCo o LU (?cr LJ CDor o COa: Q_ ? ? ? ? - T + ++++ + + + + + . DIRECTION "?? + + + i-* + j?M*****1" TT + + > + + + % DIRECTION*** i?"'"?i? +*+* - ** i*J'1' + *;* + + + '. DIRECTION *:?++ + * + + - + + , * + DIRECTION * * a* ? * ? * ? * i * + + ** ?* + +.h***? h-?*;*j;sj;i j * DIRECTION E "ii"titii T ****"'' *>'*+>*. DIRECTION ""i.ijjjjj^ 1 I ?iSF j. * + + + + + mmm mu*** m*** :SE +++++++ * J t J ******* M "" : ESE + + + + + + + + t + + !.!.??.,."? !!i,,,,..- ::'""""1" : ENE + + + + + + + + *+ + * II ?*?'"""""' : NNE + + + + + * + + + ttSs. .?,*.. .?? N ++.++? + + + + +** + + + ?^ * " m ? m ? ? ? M * " " .?I- + ?|MI(M* ** * 1 CO LU Oo LU 1? (X LJ >- 1? 1j CD 1? _J Z3 0 QC CL F E 0 C B a r E D Ca R F C B fl F E 0 C B n G F C 6 1 F E D C B 0 C F E nc B q F E U C R ?*??*? 4 X + +**?*,?? i***?* _ i?"'?*"???n* ??:':?-?*??; _ -i ?> ?' I. T+I.++T+<.+ ,. "??K>II'??11??. : ---**;**- + , 1 DIRECTION ? "?*:iii?ii?? DIRECTION : M ^ + ,M**"*l*i j? l* DIRECTION : *"'"*"?i*i* DIRECTION : DIRECTION : *" + DIRECTION : -% DIRECTION : + + DIRECTION : 1 NNU ?* ++ +f + + ++ + ?? * NU , + ^ + +' + + i UNU ^ T + + + + U + + T + .t + + + jJ?1iiM?"??>1?** USU . + + n. t* + + Jiii*? J *??""" """" + + i . j + ? ?,??????' 5SU , i- + + >? * * + tt * s + ( + f + + + + + 1 0000 0600 Figure 40 1200 TIHE EST. 1800 2^00 0000 0600 11JO TIHE EST. 1600 2UOO Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities; turbulence method at 7 m; a function of wind direction: Spring PflSQUIL L STflBILIT Y CflTEGORIE S G F E B C B n G F E 0r B q G F E D C B 1 G F E B C B 0 G f i D C B q 0 F E B C 9 q G F E 0 C B q G F E D C B fl WITH CI972J HErHtJO FOR reflTICflL OISPERSION piwfaiETERismioN SPR I NG i + + + + ...+ DIRECTION : SSE ??????*SS4,i - + + ++ DIRECTION : SE ?s"*"Ss"'**.t,+t++- """"??* jljiiJ?xxx? I - RVEBBGE SHIIH t!97Z) nEIHTO FOfl VCTIIOI. * ? RVEHBGC 4- . 931 FTO8R61LITT DISPERSION PfKHETEIUSBriON SPRING + - 931 PflC8?BILITY ,?***"***** ""??" , ? ? ? ? ? x ? i , j i , J*** *"'"'t>'i + x + ? - *??i, ?t;tjtt, 4*** XXX^_+xxx """"'xx'' " t+ ++++ *T DIRECTION : E ixxxxxt x": ? ? *iii + , + i + . + T * XX* K xx ?XX * XX X ?** i-I***"** * DIRECTION : ENE: ??? %iM. 4t+.t: """??it.*....***** XX "*** ? + " + T +- i"i-+ - DIRECTION: NE * * ? x x ; ? ? * x M * M **"* S?? + iii+* + ;+ DIRECTION : NNE _._ -f -r T ^ + .x,4*"^"" ""*" : * -???s..* - ?:?"'"?' "* "" T+ * DIRECTION: N + + + 4-4 + 4.-+-T + 4- **+4-. ,^.4-+J| ! 1 0000 0600 1200 TinE EST. Figure 41 Diurnal variation 1 F E D C q F E D C B R CO F UJ E DC D 0 C CD fl UJ q - PflSQUIL L STRBILIT Y C R F E 0 c B n i:::::::::;;+ ?< 4 41 ? m ? K ? : **t**s:**,?:s**s*s***" ^+.. + ++4. + + + DIRECTION: 5SU + + *?xxxl +H? x x x x? x , ? T -r ^ xx? * "x * * X ? ** X X X ^tv + tt+t + t DIRECTION: S 4- + + + * + *"!* "ill 1800 2?tOO 0000 0600 1200 1600TIHE EST. of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities; turbulence method at 2I*l ?:. + ? ? .-f & * * m m m m ** m* m * m * *?M**?,,? - * + + * * * m i * "' + DIRECT ION : NE . . + + * v ; ? ? * ? * + +" ' **** '- ??iM)k*i;iii>"1*?'"*"""*>''"" ??-1- + I+'>*?xi* DIRECTION: NNE + + + * + '****** * *+ ^ +*++*????? ******'******* DIRECTION: N + + + * + *?? ? ?^ *XKM><: ******t*t,i m*** m*****m*m ~iii TEGORIE S a: mcr CO _i 0 COcr Q_ F E D C B R F E 0 C B R F E D C B F 8q F E D C B q C F E 0 C 6 F E D C B n F E 0 C B 0 -??il???*il? + + DIRECTION ****?. i- n-?*"X?MX?X i + + + * + + + * + + + DIRECTION:????*.? "? ?% : "m?*?*ijiiitiiii - + + + + + * + + *v*+ DIRECTION ****** ***'*, ^ + ; ***?.J-i,iii it + +i-x* * + "?"? DIRECTION : ???*?*..!** ?<.+ + + *-:- + ** > :- ... DIRECTION g . ? x , ? ? ? * * *M? i + + * * * * i-* + **+ , DIRECTION KX.X'XX'XXXX^^^ : *********** j:hK + + +' + + + + t+^ DIRECTION ??,??*?"""'*?? + + Th.i.* + * + + + +'-* jL DIRECTION ?.,-??,..?.._ -+ I ************ I I : NNU + t > * f >? + + f t r ? ????"* ? NU + + * * + -?? * * ? *?*?** *?*?*?" : UNU .,. + , + >*'' ***sst:**:?*"'?*s""" : U ^., .?*% + : USU .. .r + + ^ + m******* ******* ?? su + .. ,r ??? ?> + - * * '%??/* "'MM""* + ,jM?*il'*??i"***"i'1"1* ?? ssu + + .,. .. .., + i i i m m, *********???**?*?*** 0000 0600 1200 TlflE EST. 1800 2^00 0000 0600 1200Tint" EST. 1600 2 + DIRECTION: SSE ****** t i *****"" * - RVERflGE + ? 901 PR08 DIRECTION : NE ;-""-. .-:-".?.,. \1 ""**ix? ****** ?h + ?*?? + + ?*iit1''' + J+ DIRECTION: NNE ~ """ittfK.S**" i + iS*^M?i;ii*i?''.i.. f DIRECTION: N ? ? ? + + 1 1 0000 0600 1200TIME EST. Figure 43 Diurnal variation .++** + ** + +++* .. .....? -"? ?**? . + + + + * + * * + '?+ -1- ^ ^ + -h -r '>? ?>? ?> + -?? K -f -p 1 PRSQUIL L STRBILIT Y CATEGORIE S B a c F D C B R G F E D C B fl IIWULEMS HETMOO FOR HOHIZONIfl. * . BVE?? r.;::;M-**i+ + \ DIRECTION: NNU +++ + + + + + + + + + * * M ***** **? ''**,****?** "*****itijtij**''M ?i?*i*??? i + ??I"'+ DIRECTION: NU +"'+' +H+ + ? + + ?'f?? , ?t??* ? + + ????* M i*;;++++*?.? *??*?? ^ ????*++ -r ?>? r -*? ? " ? * * * * ii*?+v DIRECTION: UNU ++ + ,. + + + + ^ * Jj + * 1 ..I--""./" " "******"?******* *'"?'"' + + DIRECTION: U + + + ++ " + + * + > * * ? * ?????*??*?*" *^-*- ?*? -t + -h ->? 1- +i",..-1""1;i^"\ DIRECTION , USU ++^+^* + + + + ? ? + th ,*???1<>l** K +?->wl(M|< "??****? i 4 + ?????* * ??*?????? ?*?*++*?' ^M- ?"???.? 1800 2i*00 0000 of average and 90% probability atmospheric 'r+''":'";"* DIRECTION: SU + s .>+-, + ' l' + + + + + j ++ DIRECTION: E ++*++ + + + ''' + + ? ???**"?** ** * + + + m**l*********** ~ *"'*)??*?t?**)'?*?1'? - i+ * + *'*'?**? **.,.+ DIRECTION: ENE + + .n.+ + + .n. ++ + * + ?".-."- :;?"". +;, ?,-"-,,.-"" ?** *** $ i $ JJ a* ?* *"' - T + +.*+ * "** + + DIRECTION: NE + + + + + + + * "' '' + * * -r * *?+" """ j. X"""?'*XXM-???"?*??. ? B ^ j j + it"*~ ? ? ?t *j t****** ? 7 + +T">.1.-fr'J'+*"{'';":'"r-i-';' OfRECTfON : NNE + " * + ":" + * + + + * * * + + ~M* "'x*'** * +X?*llXl'!'(M?)t*?X?!B I i*ii***itiiiiii'"'''- ?*'1"f + + + '1"!''1-TT-i-T+ DIRECTION: N + +SI? + + + + *'r + *,*^ ? H M _ 3( X*I(1<*X """ * ""xM**** : * " ""*:***s*t*s**i*"" _ 1 1 1 oc 0 C3 i? >_ ^CD 1 ? CO _J 0 cr Q_ u F F 0 C B R 0 F 0 C B 1 D C S " C F E n c B fl c F E D C B t F E D C Bn c F t Q c B a c F C 0c B R '"^?^"?"??".M*^ DIRECTION : "*?*?*** X - *******.*******, I* DIRECTION **??*** - * * ... + + + -t- -1- -> ?;- * + * -?- - v J *"""**???? - L'^----it-^i'?.h\3rRECTIOK* *?***??- ?n- + + + + * + T ?'++ + >+ + DIRECTION K^KKKXKXX'XK_](K * * * * + ? * M X *~ ,. h., +..,., .^+.,.,, DtRECTION ? ? * **????l - ,_ .; ,, ... + + + + + + + -r * -, + .,. QlRECTtON *MMXXXXXKI(IIX*>'MV : *"******._ i i t i j? ** * : NU +??*??"'i??*'?>i?> ijti*** : UNU K + + l?i + + "*??*?? +M*?*? i::**i:"" : U ++.++f+'**+**+ , + i. Ma ?,..???? : U5U +^;::.^^-?::**? i*****-- . SU + > , * + -1- -f ' * ?' + + '?- + + j-KKu X" M * * * : SSU ** ++t + *'*** + + "** -!? X1" M K * * * * K * *.**""' ?- 5 + "i-****'*,****+ + ??*???? ***?*?***""'""" 0000 0600 1200 TiriE EST. 1800 0000 0600 1200TINE EST. 1800 2^00 Figure 44 Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities: turbulence method at 49 m; a function of wind direction: Winter TEGORIE S f-c_> >h? ?I cr,ii i? C'J _ii o'n a:n_ F t C 0 r F t C c E 0 F C c 6 F 0c E r* F t C E 0 F F. c B t C c 0F t R I Bn ooc =?: T + * : !,x ^ X X 1 ' ' - - -?? - :? ' ?' x * - x x* - *xx c pFnsic-i pr.".'n?iiR:;n::ciaiT 1.^1 SPRING * - -l;l ri"r'5'i-ii" + ^ ': ": ':' ;. . ;- * ??? ?:- DIRECTION : 2SE . ... * * ,, * ; * - 1- + + * * * * J j j ?: ' j ??..:- i J x * * x X * ? ? .., ' ., '' '' ' DIR'-'CTICN : 'X- + -;- . ?:? ?:? ?: ':' * ? H K . DTRLuTICM * LSL . ' v X v "?"'"'?" M X * ?... "** DIR'CTrON ? t ..,?*> ' ? x ? ?' ... .:? x ? * " ? x" xv **'*;*** DIRLCTICN : ENt ... .. :- '?' ' ^ j , , ix,""""'1* * *???.;.* x * x i ... DIRLLTICN ?. NE ?. '' " ''???? " * x ? ? ., ^ ,..????:-? ? x x ?" MX******** . . ._ :' ?'*'??*)?* *???.???? ******* Jii-ixisx''*''*'''"*'' i i i C6CC 12CC 18CC 3 F 1? 0?? c ?1 S crcr rs i _J D tr* 3 0")? ' t 13 C 0 r t I 0 F E. Cc en ?> r^ p p rt o U L L o'VRiio'j Pr.?.'vist^:o'it:c'inr ^w SPRING f - -1'1 """"'LII" x > > * E x , . , x ? : "?iiisi.i.-it-?"-" i x ' : ?' x x u , ' ^ DIRECT'.CN : NU , . ' ' ''' ?-"xxx ,x,. > , x x x ? x " ,x.?xx? I ""*??. ,ixx?- ***"*" ix, xx ? ' ??*? x' DfRLCT!C^ -. UMU ?,?"' *: ' x'x*** ~ " **Xxxxmxax*iiKx>(? xx* - * ? j, , X X X X ?'"?'*' ""x.XXxx.xx*1"*"""" |T ' ' '" " ' ', ' "' :' DIRLCT!CN -. 'jU " i i ? * x x i ? " ? * * * """ * *" r : '" '" ' ? ???'?'? n^cc'?T^^'^ r-'-n - * * * , x ? - : ? x ? ? x x x ? ? ? - ' ' '':- '?'?:. DrRanc.'j : s ' I "*'"??, ;i,?ix???*i""*""""'" c CGCC izcc IB:: 2^-.TlhE EST. Figure 45 Diurnal variation of average and 90% probability atmospheric stabilities; turbulence method at 49 m; a function of wind direction; Spring 61 APPENDIX A FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WIND DIRECTION. WIND SPEEDS AND DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY TABLE Al FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS. AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS r. TIME OF DAY ? SUMMER SEASON : SUMMER HEIGHT : 7 M. TIME (EST.) STATS. 0000-0300 PROBCS) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0300-0600 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0600-0900 PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0900-1200 PROBCS) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1200-1500 PROB(X) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1500-1800 PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1800-2100 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 2100-2400 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. DIRECTION N 6.7 1.1 F E 6.6 1.1 F E 7.4 1.9 C C 8.5 2.9 B B 3.0 3.4 C C 0.9 3.6 C C 2.7 2.0 D D 7.6 1.3 E E NNE 6.3 1.2 E E 4.9 1.3 E E 7.4 2.0 C C 11.3 2.8 B B 6.0 3.6 C B 4.6 3.8 C B 10.1 2.6 C C 10.0 1.7 D E NE 5.5 1.4 E E 4.3 1.3 E E 4.1 1.8 C C 8.4 2.8 B B 13.7 3.5 C A 15.1 3.6 C B 14.1 2.7 C D 7.5 1.8 D E ENE 3.1 1.2 E E 1.8 1.1 E E 2.3 1.5 C C 6.1 2.4 B B 15.9 3.3 C B 18.4 3.5 C B 11.3 2.4 C D 5.2 1.4 E D E 2.6 1.3 E D 1.8 1.1 E E 2.4 1.7 C C 4.6 2.3 B B 8.2 3.0 B B 8.8 2.9 C B 6.7 2.0 C D 3.8 1.4 E D ESE 3.2 1.4 D E 2.3 1.5 D D 3.2 1.8 C C 5.0 2.6 B B 7.7 3.1 B B 7.6 3.0 C B 6.7 2.1 C D 5.1 1.5 D D SE 8.0 1.8 D D 6.4 1.8 D D 7.2 2.2 C C 8.4 2.9 B B 11.6 3.5 C B 13.5 3.4 C B 14.3 2.5 C D 11.3 2.0 D D SSE 13.4 2.0 D E 13.2 2.0 D D 12.3 2.4 C C 11.0 3.3 C B 10.9 3.9 C B 11.7 4.0 C C 13.7 2.9 C D 14.3 2.3 D D S 20.3 2.2 D E 21.0 2.1 D E 15.7 2.5 D C 10.8 3.6 C C 9.0 4.3 C C 9.6 4.4 C C 9.8 3.6 D D 14.9 2.5 D D SSW 7.9 1.7 E E 10.6 1.8 E E 6.9 2.5 D D 2.6 4.2 C C 1.5 4.6 C C 1.7 4.0 D D 2.7 3.3 D E 5.6 2.1 D E SW 6.1 1.6 E E 7.3 1.4 E E 3.8 2.1 D C 1.2 3.3 C C 1.3 4.2 C C 1.3 4.1 C D 2.1 2.8 D E 3.7 2.1 D E WSi' 4.1 1.3 E E 4.2 1.4 E E 3.5 2.2 C C 2.2 3.2 B B 1.7 3.9 B C 1.8 4.1 C C 1.5 2.7 D D 2.2 1.9 D E W 2.6 1.2 E E 3.6 1.2 E E 3.9 1.9 C C 3.1 3.5 B B 2.1 3.9 B C 1.9 3.7 C C 1.4 2.2 D D 2.0 1.4 D E WNW 2.2 1.3 E E 3.4 1.2 E r 3.9 1.8 C C 2.8 2.9 B B 2.4 3.8 B C 1.5 4.0 C C 1.0 2.2 D E 1.4 1.3 E E NW 2.9 1.2 E E 3.8 1.2 E E 6.3 1.7 C B 5.0 2.6 B B 2.1 3.7 B B 1.0 4.1 C C 0.9 2.3 D D 1.9 1.3 E E NNW 5.1 1.2 E E 4.9 1.2 E E 9.5 1.9 C C 9.0 2.7 B B 3.0 3.4 B C 0.6 3.6 C D 0.9 2.0 D E 3.4 1.3 F. E BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(Z) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 62 TABLE A2 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS. AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? AUTUMN SEASON : AUTUMN HEIGHT : 7 M. TIME (EST.) STATS. uOOu-OJOO i'KGiK/o) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0300-0600 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0600-0900 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0900-1200 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1200-1500 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1500-1800 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1800-2100 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 2100-2400 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. N 1.4 E E 2.5 1.4 E E 2.4 1.8 D D 5.1 2.7 C C 4.7 2.7 B C 2.7 2.0 D D 3.6 1.3 E E 5.1 1.3 E E NNE 1.3 E E 2.0 1.1 F E 2.4 1.7 D D 5.4 2.4 C C 4.6 2.4 B C 4.1 1.8 D D 7.4 1.5 E E 5.4 1.4 E E NE i . / 1.0 F E 0.9 1.7 E E 1.2 1.5 D D 3.3 2.2 B B 6.9 2.7 C B 11.9 2.5 C C 11.7 1.7 D E 4.3 1.3 E E ENE i . J 1.7 E E 0.8 2.6 D E 1.3 2.4n C 3.2 2.5 C B 7.8 2.7 C B 11.7 2.5 C C 5.9 1.5 D E 1.9 1.3 E E E i .M 2.3 D E 0.8 2.0 D E 1.7 2.1 D D 3.3 2.4 B B 5.6 2.6 B B 5.5 2.2 C C 3.7 1.4 E E 2.3 2.0 D E ESE 2.7 D E 2.2 2.6 D E 1.7 2.7 D D 3.7 2.6 C C 7.7 ? .7 E B 7.7 2.4 C C 5.1 1.7 D E 2.1 2.2 E E DIRECTION SE SSE S J.U 2.2 E E 3.8 2.3 E E 2.9 2.4 D C 6.1 2.7 C B 9.2 2.9 C B 12.4 2.4 C C 10.4 1.9 D E 6.9 2.1 D E 1.6 E E 12.8 1.8 E E 10.4 2.0 D D 10.9 3.1 C C 11.9 3.5 C C 12.6 2.9 C D 15.1 1.8 D E 12.9 1.6 E E ..U .0 1.6 E F 20.4 1.7 E F 19.3 1.9 D D 10.3 3.1 C C 6.0 3.6 C C 8.4 3.3 C D 12.6 2.1 D E 17.7 1.7 E E SSW i j .i> 1.7 E F 15.4 1.6 E F 12.4 1.8 E E 4.9 3.2 C ^ 3.3 3.5 C C 3.1 3.0 C D 6.8 2.3 D E 11.0 1.9 E E SW iU . J 1.7 D E 13.0 1.9 D F 13.7 2.0 D D 4.9 3.3 C C 3.9 3.5 B C 3.4 3.2 C D 5.7 2.3 D E 10.4 2.2 U E WSW 6. i 1.6 D E 8.7 1.6 E F 10.3 1.9 D D 6.9 3.0 C B 5.4 3.1 B C 3.9 3.1 D D 4.0 2.3 D E 6.2 1.8 D E W 1.6 E E 5.6 1.6 E F 6.5 1.8 D D 7.0 2.6 C B 4.1 2.5 B C 2.9 2.6 D D 2.5 2.0 D E 3.3 1.7 E E WNW j . 7 1.2 E E 3.5 1.3 E F 4.8 1.5 D D 7.6 2.1 B B 4.3 2.5 B C 2.0 2.3 C D 1.7 1.5 E E 2.6 1.5 E E NW 1.2 E E 3.3 1.2 E F 4.6 1.5 D D 8.4 2.3 C B 6.4 2.3 B B 3.1 2.2 D D 1.3 1 .6 E E 3.6 1.2 E E NNW 3 . y 1.2 E F 4.4 1.2 E F 4.5 1.7 D D 9.0 2.6 B B 8.3 .' .~ B C 4.4 1.6 D D 2.3 1.5 E E 4.5 1.2 E E BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 63 TABLE A3 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS, AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? WINTER SEASON : WINTER HEIGHT : 7 M. TIME (F.ST.) STATS. 0000-0300 PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0300-0600 PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0600-0900 PROB(%) UBAR 3Y AV. SZ AV. 0900-1200 PROB(X) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1200-1500 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1500-1800 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1800-2100 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 2100-2400 PROB(X) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. DIRECTION N 1.9 2.1 D F 2.0 2.0 D F 1.7 2.2 D E 2.5 3.4 C B 4.7 3.0 C C 4.5 i.O D D 3.9 2.0 E E 3.7 1.9 E F NNE 0.5 1.2 E F 0.8 1.4 E F 0.5 1.5 D E 1.0 2.5 C C 2.9 2.4 C C 3.5 2.0 D D 4.5 1.4 E E 2.2 1.4 E F NE 0.3 1.2 F F 0.3 1.1 E E 0.1 2.0 E E 0.7 2.0 C C 1.6 2.2 C B 3.5 2.0 D D 3.8 1.1 E E 1.2 1.0 E F ENE 0.1 0.9 F E 0.2 1.1 E E 0.2 1.1 E D 0.3 1.3 B C 1.9 2.2 C B 5.2 1.9 D C 2.6 1.2 E E 0.6 1.0 F F E 0.3 1.2 E E 0.3 1.1 E E 0.3 2.1 D D 0.4 1.6 D C 1.0 1.9 C B 2.4 1.4 D D 1.2 1.1 F E 0.4 1.2 E E ESE 0.6 1.3 E E 0.4 1.8 E E 0.5 2.1 D E 0.6 1.9 C C 1.9 2.1 B C 2.2 1.6 D D 1.6 1.1 F E O.S 1.1 E F SE 1.2 2.1 D E 1.1 2.3 D E 1.0 2.5 E D 2.1 2.8 C C 5.2 2.6 B B 6.9 2.0 i) D 3.8 1.3 E F 1.8 1.5 E F SSE 4.7 1.6 E F 4.2 1.8 E F 3.0 1.8 E E 5.6 3.0 C B 9.4 3.0 C C 10.0 2.4 D D 10.0 1.6 E F 5.7 1.6 E F S 14.6 1.8 E F 13.7 1.6 E F 10.8 1.8 E E 8.6 3.4 C C 9.3 3.7 C C 12.5 2.8 D D 16.5 1.9 D E 14.5 1.8 E F SSM 16.3 2.1 E F 16.8 2.1 D F 14.5 2.2 D E 7.7 3.7 C C 5.8 3.8 C C 6.5 3.3 C D 10.0 2.4 D E 16.0 2.1 E F SW 21.5 2.7 D E 22.0 2.7 D E 21.3 2.7 D D 13.3 4.0 C C 8.7 4.1 C C 7.1 3.5 C D 11.6 2.7 D E 17.1 2.6 D E WSW 13.9 2.5 D E 14.9 2.3 D F 16.3 2.6 D D 16.5 3.9 C B 12.6 4.4 C C 11.7 3.7 C D 11.0 2.8 D E 12.7 2.6 D E w 8.4 2.2 D E 9.2 2.2 D F 12.1 2.2 D E 12.0 3.3 C B 9.0 3.5 B B 7.9 3.4 C D 7.9 2.6 D E 8.4 2.2 D E WNW 4.9 1.6 D F 5.3 1.6 D F 6.7 1.9 D E 8.6 2.6 C B 6.6 3.2 B B 4.2 2.6 D D 3.4 2.2 D E 3.9 1.6 D F NW 5.6 1.7 D F 4.9 1.8 D F 5.8 2.0 D D 11.2 2.6 C B 8.5 2.8 B B 4.7 2.4 D D 3.8 2.0 D E 4.8 1.7 D E NNW 5.3 2.1 D F ?;.i 1.9 D F 5.2 2.1 D E 9.0 2.8 C B 10.7 2.7 C C 7.3 2.0 Dr 4.4 2.0 D E 6.2 1.9 D F BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 64 TABLE A4 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS, AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY - SPRING SEASON : SPRING HEIGHT : 7 M. TIME (EST.) 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 STATS . PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV.. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. N 4.2 1 '? 5 1 5 2 8 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 7 1 E E .2 .3 E E .6 .4 D C .0 .1 B B .3 .5 C C .7 .7 D D .1 .7 E D .2 .4 E E NNE 3.2 1 .3 E E 2.8 1.6 E E 4.2 2.4 C C 8.0 3.0 B B 5.7 3.1 C C 4.3 3.4 C B 8.9 2.3 D D 7.4 1.5 E E NE 3.1 1.4 E D 1.9 1.4 E E 1.8 1.9 C C 4.8 2.7 B B 10.3 3.4 C B 11.6 3.2 C C 11.6 2.2 D D 4.4 1.4 E E ENE 1.5 1.3 E E 1.3 1.3 E E 1.4 1.8 D C 3.7 2.4 B B 12.2 3.2 C B 16.0 T.I C B 7.6 1.9 D D 2.6 1.4 E E E 1.5 1.2 E D 1.4 1.5 E D 1.4 1.6 D C 2.7 2.4 B B 5.8 2.9 B B 8.9 2.6 C B 5.2 1.5 D D 2.1 1.3 E E ESE 1.6 1.4 D D 1.4 1.6 E D 1.5 1.9 C C 3.8 2.7 B B 6.8 3.1 B B 7.3 2.7 C B 5.8 1.5 D D 2.3 1.3 E D DIRECTION SE SSE S 3.6 9.7 16.7 2.1 1-7 7.1 D D 3.2 1.9 E D 3.9 2.4 C C 6.2 3.1 B B 9.5 3.4 B B 10.3 3.1 C C 9.8 2.0 D D 6.0 1.8 D D 8 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 3 11 2 11 1 E E .5 .7 E E .9 .5 D C .9 .6 C B .9 .0 C B .5 .8 C C .9 .5 D D .1 .9 D E E E 16.3 2.0 E E 12.4 2.6 D C 7.6 3.9 C B 6.0 4.3 C C 7.5 4.3 C C 10.8 3.0 D D 13.9 2.1 E E SSW 13.8 1.8 E E 13.2 1.8 E E 9.2 2.5 D D 3.8 3.9 C C 2.6 4.1 C C 3.2 3.9 C D 5.0 2.5 D E 9.2 2.1 D E SW 11.2 2.1 D E 12.7 2.1 D E 9.4 2.9 D C 4.8 3.9 B B 3^9 4.2 B B 2.8 4.1 C C 4.2 2.8 D E 8.6 2.0 D E wsw 8.6 1.8 D E 10.3 2.0 D E 9.7 2.6 C C 6.2 3.8 B P 5.4 4.0 B B 4.5 4.3 C C 4.8 2.8 D E 7.2 2.2 D E W 5.6 1.7 D E 7.5 1.6 D E 7.9 2.3 C C 6.3 3.5 B B 5.0 4.2 B B 3.8 4.1 C C 4.2 2.7 D E 5.0 2.0 D E WNW 4.4 1.4 E F 5.1 1.4 D F 6.3 1.9 C C 5.8 2.9 B B 3.7 3.3 B B 2.0 3.2 C D 2.1 2.4 D E 3.3 1.7 D E NW 5.1 1 .3 E F 4.6 1.3 E E 8.3 1.9 C C 7.7 2.7 B B 4.3 2.9 B C 2.7 3.1 C C 2.3 2.3 D E 3.3 1.4 E E NNW 6.0 1 3 E E 4.5 1.2 E E 9.1 2.0 C C 11.5 2.9 B B s.6 3.3 C C 3.0 2.9 D D 2.6 2.2 D E 6.3 1.5 E E BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 65 TABLE A5 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS. AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? ALL SEASONS COMBINED ALL SEASONS COMBINED HEIGHT : 7 M. TIME (EST.) 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 DIRECTION STATS. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. FROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. N 4.0 1.3 E E 4.2 1.3 E E 4.4 2.1 D C 6.1 3.0 C B 3.9 3.1 C C 2.4 2.3 D D 3.3 1.8 E E NNE 3.2 1.3 E E 2.7 1.4 E E 3.7 2.0 D C 6.6 2.8 B B 4.8 3.0 C C 4.1 2.8 D C 7.8 2.1 D D NE 2.7 1.3 E E 1.9 1.4 E E 1.9 1.8 D C 4.4 2.6 B B 8.3 3.3 C B 10.6 3.1 C C 10.4 2.1 D D ENE 1.5 1.3 E E 1.0 1.4 E E 1.3 1.8 D C 3.4 2.4 B B 9.6 3.1 C B 13.0 3.0 C B 7.0 2.0 D D E 1.5 1.5 E D 1.1 1.4 E D 1.5 1.8 C C 2.8 2.3 B B 5.2 2.8 B B 6.5 2.5 C B 4.3 1.7 D D ESE 2.0 1.8 D E 1.6 1.9 D E 1.7 2.1 C C 3.3 2.6 B B 6.0 2.9 E B 6.3 2.6 C?c 4.8 1.7 D D SE 4.7 2.0 D E 3.7 2.0 D E 3.8 2.3 C C 5.7 2.9 B B 8.9 3.2 B B 10.8 2.8 C C 9.7 2.1 D D SSE 10.2 1.8 E E 9.7 1.9 E E 8.4 2.3 D D 9.1 3.3 C B 10.5 3.6 C B 11.2 3.3 C C 12.7 2.2 D E S 18.0 1.9 E E 17.8 1.9 E E 14.5 2.2 D D 9.3 3.5 C C 7.6 4.0 C C 9.5 3.6 C D 12.3 2.5 D E ssw 12.9 1.8 E E 13.9 1.8 E F 10.6 2.2 D D 4.7 3.7 C C 3.2 3.9 C C 3.6 3.4 C D 6.1 2.5 D E SW 12.2 2.2 D E 13.6 2.2 D E 11.8 2.5 D D 5.9 3.8 C B 4.4 4.0 B C 3.6 3.6 C D 5,3 2.7 D E wsw 8.6 2.0 D E 9.4 2.0 D F 9.8 2.4 D D 7.8 3.6 C B 6.2 4.0 C C 5.4 3.8 C D 5.3 2.7 D E W 5.3 1.8 D E 6.5 1.7 D E 7.5 2.1 D D 7.0 3.2 C B 5.0 3.6 B C 4.1 3.5 C D 4.0 2.5 D E WNW 3.8 1.4 E E 4.3 1.4 E E 5.4 1.8 D D 6.1 2.6 B B 4.2 3.1 B B 2.4 2.9 C D 2.1 2.1 D E NW 4.4 1.4 E E 4.1 1.4 E E 6.3 1.8 D C 8.0 2.5 B B 5.3 2.8 B B 2.8 2.7 C D 2.1 2.1 D E NNW 5.1 1.5 E E 4.5 1.3 E E 7.2 1.9 D C 9.7 2.8 B B 6.8 2.9 C C .".7 2.1 D D 2.5 2.0 D E 2100-2400 PROBU) 6.0 6.3 4.4 2.6 2.2 2.6 6.6 11.0 15.2 10.3 9.8 7.0 4.6 2.8 3.4 5.1 UBAR 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.5 SYAV. EEEEEDDEEEDDDDEE SZAV. EEEEEEDEEEEEEEEE BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(2) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 66 TABLE A6 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS, AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? ALL TIMES COMBINED ALL TIMES COMBINED HEIGHT : 7 M. DIRECTION SEASON SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER SPRING COMBINED STATS. PROB(X> UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. sz ;.v. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. N 5.4 1.9 D D 3.6 1.9 D D 3.1 2.3 D D 4.8 2.2 D D 4.3 2.1 D D NNE 7.6 2.3 D C 4.2 1.7 D D 2.0 1.8 D D 5.6 2.4 D D 4.9 2.2 D D NE 9.1 2.7 C C 5.3 2.0 D D 1.4 1.6 D D 6.2 2.6 C C 5.6 2.5 C C ENE 8.0 2.7 C C 4.2 2.3 C C 1.4 1.7 D D 5.8 2.6 C C 4.9 2.5 C ? C E 4.9 2.3 C C 3.0 2.2 C D 0.8 1.4 D D 3.6 2.2 C C 3.1 2.2 C C ESE 5.1 2.3 C C 4.1 2.4 C C 1.1 1 .6 D D 3.8 2.3 C C 3.5 2.3 C C SE 10.1 2.6 C C 7.2 2.3 D D 2.9 2.1 D D 6.6 2.6 C C 6.7 2.? C C SSE 12.6 2.8 D C 12.4 2.3 D D 6.6 2.2 D D 9.8 2.7 D D 10.3 2.5 D D S 13.9 2.9 D D 14.4 2.1 D E 12.6 2.2 D E 11.4 2.7 D Ii 13.0 2.5 D D SSW 5.0 2.4 D D 8.8 2.0 D E 11.7 2.5 D E 7.5 2.4 D E 8.2 2.3 D E SW 3.4 2.1 D E 8.2 2.2 D E 15.3 3.0 D E 7.2 2.7 D D 8.4 2.7 D E WSU 2.7 2.3 D D 6.7 2.2 D D 13.7 3.1 C D 7.1 2.7 D D 7.4 2.7 D D U 2.6 2.3 D D 4.6 2.0 D D 9.3 2.7 C D 5.7 2.6 C D 5.5 2.5 D D WNW 2.3 2.2 D D 3.8 1.8 D D 5.4 2.2 C D 4.1 2 .2 D D 3.9 2.1 D D NW 3.0 2.0 D C 4.4 1.8 D D 6.1 2.2 C D 4.8 2.1 D D 4.5 2.1 D D NNW 4.5 2.0 D C 5.2 1.9 D D 6.5 2.3 D D f..l 2.2 D D 5.6 2.1 D D BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 67 TABLE A7 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS. 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? SUMMER SEASON : SUMMER HEIGHT : 7 M. TIME (EST.) STATS. 0000-0300 PROBW U50* SY502 SZ50/J 0300-0600 PROBU) U50X SY5052 SZ50X 0600-0900 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% 0900-1200 PROB?) U50% SYS 02 SZ50% 1200-1500 PROBU) U50% SY50% SZ50% 1500-1800 PROBU) U50% SY50% SZ50% 1800-2100 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% 2100-2400 PROB(%) U50Z SY50% SZ5QZ DIRECTION N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NU NNW 6.7 6.3 5.5 3.1 2.6 3.2 8.0 13.A 20.3 7.9 b.l A.I 2.b i.l 2.S 5.i 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 EEDEEDCCDDDDEEEE DDDDDDDDDEEEEEEE 6.6 4.9 4.3 1.8 1.8 2.3 6.4 13.2 21.0 10.6 7.3 4.2 3.6 3.4 3.8 4.9 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.6 O.B 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.1 EEEEECCDDDEEEEEE DDDDDDDDDEEEEEEE 7.4 7.4 4.1 2.3 2.4 3.2 7.2 12.3 15.7 6.9 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.9 6.3 9.5 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 CCCBBBCCCCCCCBBB CCCCBCBCCCCCBBAB 8.5 11.3 8.4 6.1 4.6 5.0 8.4 11.U 10.8 2.6 1.2 2.2 3.1 2.8 5.0 9.0 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.8 3.0 3.7 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.2 BBBBABBBBCBBBAAB AAAAAAAABCBAAAAA 3.0 6.0 13.7 15.9 8.2 7.7 11.6 10.9 9.0 1.5 l'.3 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.1 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.7 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.7 BBBBBBBBCCBBBBBB CAAAAAAABCCCBBBC 0.9 4.6 15.1 18.4 8.8 7.6 13.5 11.7 9.6 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.0 0.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.4 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.8 3.2 CCBBBBBCCCCBBBBC CAAAAAABCDDCCCCD 2.7 10.1 14.1 11.3 6.7 6.7 14.3 13.7 9.8 2.7 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.3 2.1 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.3 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.3 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD DCDDDDDDDDDDDDDE 7.6 10.0 7.5 5.2 3.8 5.1 11.3 14.3 14.9 5.6 3.7 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.9 3.4 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 EDCDDCCCCCCCDDEE DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROBU) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50% IS THE SOX PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN N/S. SY50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 68 TABLE A8 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS, 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? AUTUMN TIME (EST.) STATS. U50% SY50% SZ50Z 0300-0600 PROB(Z) U50% SY50% SZ50Z 0600-0900 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ502 0900-1200 PROB(%) U50% SY50Z SZ502 1200-1500 PROB(X) U50% SY50Z SZ50Z 1500-1800 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% 1800-2100 PROBU) U50% SY50% SZ50Z 2100-2400 PROBW U50% SYS 02 SZ50% SEASON : AUTUMN N NNE NE ENE HEIGHT : 7 M. DIRECTION ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 2.9 2.5 !.? !.3 1.4 2.3 S.6 12.B 20.6 13.9 10.3 8.1 4.7 3.7 4.2 3.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.8 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.1 EEEEDCDDEDDCDEEE EDEEDDEEEEEEEEEE 2.5 2.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 2.2 3.8 12.8 20.4 15.4 13.0 8.7 5.6 3.5 3.3 4.4 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 EEDCCCDEEDDDDEEE EEDDEDEEEEEEEEEE 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.9 10.4 19.3 12.4 13.7 10.3 6.5 4.8 4.6 4.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 CCDCCCCDDDCCCDDC DDCCDDCDDDDDDDDD 5.1 5.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.7 6.1 10.9 10.3 4.9 4.9 6.9 7.0 7.6 8.4 9.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBAAABABCCBAAAAB 4.7 4.6 6.9 7.8 5.6 7.7 9.2 11.9 6.0 3.3 3.9 5.4 4.1 4.3 6.4 8.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 BBBBBBBCBCBBBABB CCAAAAABCCCCBBBC 2.7 4.1 11.9 11.7 5.5 7.7 12.4 12.6 8.4 3.1 3.4 3.9 2.9 2.0 3.1 4.4 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9- 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.0 DCCCBBBCCCCCCCCD DDCCCCCCCDDDDDDD 3.6 7.4 11.7 5.9 3.7 5.1 10.4 15.1 12.6 6.8 5.7 4.0 2.5 1.7 1.3 2.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 EDCDDDCDCCCCCDED EEDDDDDDDDEEEEEE 5.1 5.4 4.3 1.9 2.3 2.1 6.9 12.9 17.7 11.0 10.4 6.2 3.3 2.6 3.6 4.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.4 EEEEDDDEEDCDDEEE EDEDDDDEEEEEEEEE BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB?) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ502 IS THE 50* PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 69 TABLE A9 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS. 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? WINTER TIME (EST.) 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 09UO-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 STATS. PROB(%) U50% SY50X SZ50Z PROB(Z) U50Z SYS 0% SZ50Z PROB(X) U50% SY50% SZ502 PROB(Z) U50Z SY50% SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50%szsos: PROBW) U50Z SY50% SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% SEASON N NNE NE ENE WINTER HEIGHT : 7 M. DIRECTION ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 1.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 O.fa 1.2 4.7 14.t> lt>.3 21.5 U.9 8.4 t.9 5.0 5.3 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.3 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.3 CEEEEEDEEDCCCDDC EEEDEEEEFEEEEEEE 2.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.1 4.2 13.7 16.8 22.0 14.9 9.2 5.3 4.9 4.1 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.3 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 CEEEEEDEEDCCCDCC EEEDEDDFFEEEEEEE 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 3.0 10.8 14.5 21.3 16.3 12.1 6.7 5.8 5.2 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.3 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 CDEECCDDDCCCCCCD DEDDDDDEEEDDDDDD 2.5 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 2.1 5.6 E.6 7.7 13.3 16.5 12.0 8.6 11.2 9.0 2.9 1.9 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.2 CBBACBBBBBBBBBBB ACBCCBBBCCBBAAAB 4.7 2.9 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.9 5.2 9.4 9.3 5.8 8.7 12.6 9.0 6.6 8.5 10.7 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.4 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.9 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.2 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB CCAABBABCCBBBAAB 4.5 3.5 3.5 5.2 2.4 2.2 6.9 10.0 12.5 6.5 7.1 11.7 7.9 4.2 4.7 7.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.2 DCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD DDCCDDDDDDDDDDDD 3.9 4.5 3.8 2.6 1.2 1.6 3.8 10.0 16.5 10.0 11.6 11.0 7.9 3.4 3.8 4.4 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.3 DEEEEEEEDCCCCCCC EEEEEEEEEEEEDEEE 3.7 2.2 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.8 5.7 14.5 16.0 17.1 12.7 8.4 3.9 4.8 6.2 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 1.2 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 EEEEEEEEEDCCCCCD EEEEEEFFFEEEEEEE BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(X) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50% IS THE 502 PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN H/S. SY50% IS THE 507, PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50Z IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 70 TABLE A10 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS. 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY - SPRING SEASON : SPRING TIME (EST.) STATS. 0000-0300 PROB(%)uso;. SY50% SZ50% 0300-0600 PROB(%) U50X SY50% SZ50% 0600-0900 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% 0900-1200 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ507. 1200-1500 PROBU) U50% SY50% SZ50% 1500-1800 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% 1800-2100 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% 2100-2400 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% HEIGHT : 7 M. DIRECTION N NNE NE ENE ESE SE SSE SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 4.2 3.2 3,1 1.5 1.5 1.6 3.8 9.7 16.7 13.8 11.2 8.6 5.6 4.4 5.1 6.0 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.2 O.d i.i i.O i.Z 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 EEEEEDCDDDDDDDEE EEDDDDDEEEEEEEEE 5.2 2.8 1.9 1.3 1.4 I .It 3.2 8.5 16.3 13.2 12.7 10.3 7.5 5.1 4.6 4.5 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 EEEEEDDDDDCDDDDE EEDDDDDEEEEEEEEE 5.6 4.2 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 3.9 7.9 12.4 9.2 9.4 9.7 7.9 6.3 8.3 9.1 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 CCCCCBCCCCCCCCCB CCBCCCBCCCCCCBBB 8.0 8.0 4.8 3.7 2.7 3.8 6.2 8.9 7.6 3.8 4.8 6.2 6.3 5.8 7.7 11.5 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 BBBBABBBBBBBBBBB ABAAAAAAABAAAAAA 3.3 5.7 10.3 12.2 5.8 6.8 9.5 9.9 6.0 2.6 3.9 5.4 5.0 3.7 4.3 5.6 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.3 2.6 2.3 2.6 BBBBBBBBCBBBBBBB CBAAAAAABCBABBBB 1.7 4.3 11.6 16.0 8.9 7.3 10.3 10.5 7.5 3.2 2.8 4.5 3.8 2.0 2.7 3.0 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.2 CCBBBBBCCCCCCBBC DABAAABCCDCCCDCD 3.1 8.9 11.6 7.6 5.2 5.8 9.8 11.9 10.8 5.0 4.2 4.8 4.2 2.1 2.3 2.6 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.2 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.6 DCCCCDCCCCCCCCCC DDDDDDDDDDDDDDEE 7.2 7.4 4.4 2.6 2.1 2.3 6.0 U.I 13.9 9.2 8.6 7.2 5.0 3.3 3.3 6.3 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 EEDDEDDDDDDCCDEE EDDDDDDDDEEEEEEE BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(Z) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY502 IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE Of THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50Z IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 71 TABLE Al 1 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS. 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? ALL SEASONS COMBINED ALL SEASONS COMBINED HEIGHT : 7 M. TIME (EST.) OOOU-uJOu 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 STATS. U50% SY502 SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50X PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50X PROB(%) U50% SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% 5250% 1500-1800 PROB(%) 1800-2100 2100-2400 SY50% SZ50% PROB(2) U50% SYS OX SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% N NNE NE EKE DIRECTION ESE SE SEE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW j.9 J.2 2.6 1.5 1.1 :.? -i.7 :P.i !?.n ]3.n ]2.3 8.7 S.3 3.8 4.4 5.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 EEEEEDDDDDCCCEEE EDDDDDDDEEEEEEEE 4.1 2.6 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.6 3.6 9.7 17.8 14.0 13.8 9.5 6.5 4.3 4.1 4.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.7 EEEEECDDDDCCDDEE EDDDDDDEEEEEEEEE 4.3 3.6 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 3.8 8.4 14.6 10.7 12.0 9.9 7.6 5.4 6.2 7.1 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCDDDDDCCC 6.0 6.4 4.3 3.3 2.7 3.3 5.7 9.1 9.3 4.8 6.1 8.0 7.1 6.2 8.0 9.7 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.2 BBBBABBBBBBBBBBB ABAAAAAABCBAAAAA 3.9 4.8 8.1 9.4 5.1 6.0 8.9 10.5 7.6 3.3 4:4 6.3 5.1 4.3 5.3 6.9 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.3 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB CBAAAAAACCBBBABC 2.4 4.1 10.5 12.8 6.4 6.2 10.8 11.2 9.5 3.6 3.6 5.5 4.1 2.4 2.9 3.8 1.5 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.0 1.3 CCCBBBBCCCCCCCCC DCBAABCCCDDDDDDD 3.3 7.7 10.3 6.9 4.2 4.8 9.6 12.7 12.4 6.1 5.9 5.3 4.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.3 DCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC EDDDDDDDDDEEDEEE 5.9 6.2 4.4 2.6 2.1 2.6 6.5 11.0 15.2 10.4 10.0 7.1 4.7 2.8 3.4 5.1 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 EEDEDDCDDDCCCDDE EDDDDDDDEEEEEEEE BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROBU) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 72 TABLE A.12 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 7 m WIND DIRECTIONS. 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? ALL TIMES COMBINED ALL TIMES COMBINED HEIGHT : 7 M. SEASON STATS. SUMMER PROB(Z)mm SY50% SZ50% AUTUMN PROB(X) U50% SY502 SZ50% WINTER PROB(%) U502 SY50% SZ502 SPRING PROB(%) U50% SY50Z SZ50% COMBINED PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% DIRECTION:; NT;E NE ENE E ESE SE SSE s ssw sw wsw w WNW NW NNW 5.4 7.6 9.1 8.0 4.9 5.1 10.1 12.6 13.9 5.0 3.4 2.7 2.6 2.3 3.0 4.5 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 CCCBBBCCCDCCCCC,? DCCBBCCCDDDDDDCC 3.6 4.2 5.3 4.2 3.0 4.1 7.2 12.4 14.4 8.8 8.2 6.7 4.6 3.8 4.4 5.2 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 CCCCCCCCDCCCCCCC DDDCCCDDDEDDDDDD 3.1 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.1 2.9 6.6 12.6 11.7 15.3 13.7 9.3 5.4 6.1 6.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.4 2.0- 1.6 1.6 1.7 CCDCDCCCDCCCCCCC DDDDDDDDEEDDDDDD 4.8 5.6 6.2 5.8 3.6 3.8 6.6 9.8 11.4 7.5 7.2 7.1 5.7 4.1 4.8 6.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 CCCBBBBCCCCCCCCC DDCBCCCDDDDDDDDD 4.3 4.9 5.?- 4.9 3.1 3.5 6.7 10.3 13.0 8.2 8.4 7.4 5.5 3.9 4.5 5.6 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 CCCCBBCCCCCCCCCC DDCCCCCDDDDDDDDD BEGINNING DATE : 300775 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROBU) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50% IS THE 502 PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ502 IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 73 TABLE A13 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? SUMMER SEASON : SUMMER HEIGHT : 49 M. TT5K (EST.) STATS. 0000-0300 PROB(%) 11RAH\JDt\S\ SY AV. SZ AV. 0300-0600 PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0600-0900 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0900-1200 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1200-1500 PROB(2) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1500-1800 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1800-2100 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 2100-2400 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. DIRECTION N 6.4 1 AJ ? H F E 4.8 3.6 F E 8.5 3.7 C C 10.0 4.9 B C 3.4 5.6 B C 0.3 4.7 D D 1.1 6.6 D C 3.7 3.9 F E NNE 7.7 1 UJ ? O F E 6.9 3.4 F E 7.3 3.7 C C 10.3 4.5 B C 2.0 5.4 B D 1.0 7.1 C C 2.4 4.9 D D 10.1 4.1 E E NE 7.6 3 . o E E 5.5 3.4 E E 3.9 3.7 C D 6.6 4.6 B C 4.2 5.8 B C 8.4 7.0 C C 17.3 5.7 C D 13.2 4.3 D E ENE 4.5 3 .0 E E 2.5 3.3 E D 2.1 3.3 C C 7.9 4.9 B B 22.1 6.8 C B 21.4 6.8 C B 15.2 5.3 C D 6.2 3.5 D E E 4.2 2.7 E E 2.3 2.6 E E 2.7 3.0 C C 3.5 4.6 B B 13.5 6.1 C B 13.8 6.2 C B 9.0 4.5 C D 4.7 3.3 D D ESE 3.4 j.l D E 3.3 3.0 E E 3.0 3.8 C C 3.9 4.8 B B 7.6 6.3 B B 9.7 6.1 C B 7.7 4.2 C D 6.5 3.4 D D SE 5.0 D D 3.8 4.3 D D 5.0 4.3 C C 8.5 5.3 B C 10.4 6.5 C B 12.8 6.8 C C 11.1 5.3 C D 8.0 4.6 D D SSE 10.5 D D 8.7 4.7 D D 11.3 4.8 C D 13.3 6.2 C B 13.0 7.4 C B 12.5 7.9 C C 13.5 6.0 C D 11.2 4.6 D D S 19.8 D D 20.8 5.8 D D 17.5 6.0 C D 12.2 7.7 C C 10.5 9.5 C C 10.2 9.8 C C 12.4 7.9 D D 18.0 6.6 D D SSVJ 5.7 D E 8.4 4.9 E E 4.6 5.5 C D 1.7 6.7 C C 1.3 7.6 C D 1.2 6.5 C D 2.6 6.4 C D 5.3 5.1 D D SW 4,9 E E 5.3 4.2 E E 3.0 4.7 D D 0.6 5.0 B C 0;3 8.4 B D 0.7 6.5 C D 1.0 5.9 D E 2.1 5.4 D D WSW 4.0 F E 5.4 3.8 F F 3.1 5.7 D C 2.0 6.1 B C 1.4 8.8 B D 2.1 9.2 C D 1.9 7.0 D D 2.6 6.3 E E W 3.1 F E 4.1 3.4 F F 3.9 4.4 D C 3.5 6.5 B B 2.9 8.4 B C 2.5 9.2 C C 1.8 7.1 C D 2.1 5.2 E E WNW 3.8 3.5 F E 6.3 3.3 F E 7.1 3.9 C C 4.1 5.7 B B 2.5 8.2 B C 1.9 9.1 C C 1.5 5.8 D D 1.9 4.6 E E NW 4.7 F E 7.0 3.7 F E 8.3 3.7 C C 4.5 4.9 B C 2.0 7.6 B C 1.0 8.0 C D 0.6 6.1 E E 1.7 4.8 E E NNW 4.6 F E 4.8 3.9 F E 8.8 3.9 C C 7.4 5.1 B C 2.8 6.6 B D 0.4 7.6 D D 0.8 5.3 E D 2.7 4.8 E E BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 74 TABLE A14 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? AUTUMN SEASON : AUTUMN HEIGHT : 49 M. TIME (EST. ) STATS. 0000-0300 PROB(X) UB.\R SY AV. SZ AV. 0300-0600 PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0600-0900 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0900-1200 PROB(X) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1200-1500 PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1500-1800 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1800-2100 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 2100-2400 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. DIRECTION I," 2.7 4.2 F E 2.9 4.4 F E 2.9 3.7 D D 6.9 4.3 B C 6.4 4.2 B D 2.4 4.5 D E 1.9 4.4 F F 4.1 4.4 E E NKE 3.6 3.5 F E 2.8 3.7 F E 3.0 4.0 D D 4.2 4.4 B C 4.5 4.4 B D 2.9 4.2 E E 4.0 4.4 E E 6.4 3.9 E E KE 3.0 3.7 E E 2.2 4.0 E E 1.1 3.9 D E 2.6 3.6 B C 3.8 4.4 B C 5.5 5.5 D D 11.9 4.9 D E 4.7 4.0 E E ENE 1.7 3.7 E E 1.2 4.0 E E 1.8 4.4 C D 2.8 4.9 B B 6.9 5.7 C B 11.1 5.5 C C 9.2 4.3 D E 3.8 3.6 E E E 2.4 4.0 E F 1.5 3.5 E F 1.7 4.6 C D 3.5 5.0 C C 8.1 5.8 C B 11.0 5.4 C C 5.5 3.8 ' D E 3.6 2.9 E F ESE 3.6 4.5 D E 3.0 4.8 E E 1.9 4.9 D D 2.3 5.7 C C 4.4 5.5 B B 6.2 5.0 C C 7.7 3.9 E E 4.4 4.0 E F SE 3.8 5.7 E E 3.5 5.9 D E 2.3 6.1 D D 4.0 5.7 C C 7.0 5.7 B C 10.6 5.6 C D 9.0 4.9 D E 6.1 5.1 E E SSE 5.2 5.4 D E 5.3 5.4 E E 7.1 5.2 D D 10.1 5.5 C C 11.2 6.3 C C 11.7 5.9 C D 8.5 5.6 D E 5.8 6.0 D E S 13.1 5.8 D E 13.2 5.9 D E 13.7 b.3 D D 13.4 6.4 C C 12.8 7.2 C C 14.0 6.9 C D 12.8 5.8 D E 10.9 5.6 D E ssw 9.9 5.2 E E 10.2 5.4 D E 10.3 5.1 D E 5.4 6.0 C C 3.9 7.1 C C 4.0 7.4 C D 6.8 6.0 D E 10.0 5.4 D E sw 7.3 5.5 E E 9.6 5.4 E F 7.6 4.7 E D 3.3 5.3 C C 2.1 6.5 B C 1.6 6.3 C D 4.6 5.6 D E 6.1 5.7 D E wsw 13.2 5.9 E E 16.9 6.2 F F 17.0 6.1 E D 8.6 6.8 C B 5.3 6.9 B C 4.0 7.0 C D 5.1 7.2 E E 9.9 6.7 E E W 10.7 4.9 F F 11.3 4,9 F F 11.4 4.9 E D 8.7 5.5 C B 6.8 6.4 B C 5.5 7.4 C D 5.7 6.8 E E 6.1 5.6 F F WNW 7.9 4,1 F F 6.8 4.2 F F 6.7 4.0 E D 8.6 4.2 C B 4.6 5.4 B C 3.1 6.5 D D 2.4 6.3 E E 6.0 4.3 F F NW 8.1 4.2 F F 5.6 4.2 F E 7.0 4.0 D D 7.9 4.3 B B 6.3 4.9 B C 3.6 4.6 D D 2.2 4.9 F F 7.0 4.0 F F NNW 3.9 4.3 F F 4.2 4.0 F E 4.6 4.0 D D 7.6 4.3 B C 5.8 4.8 B C 2.8 4.6 D D 2.6 4.9 E E 5.2 4.2 F E BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 75 TABLE A15 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS. AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? WINTER SEASON : WINTER HEIGHT : 49 M. TIME (EST.) STATS. OUUO-UJUU Fl\UO\.ro> UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0300-0600 PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0600-0900 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0900-1200 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1200-1500 PROB(2) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1500-1800 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1800-2100 PROB(2) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 2100-2400 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. N 5.1 E 2.8 5.0 E F 2.6 4.4 E E 3.8 4.8 B C 6.7 4.3 B C 3.7 4.0 D E 2.5 4.8 E E 3.1 5.0 E F NNE 4.9 E 1.1 3.9 E F 1.3 5.2 E E 0.8 4.8 B E 4.8 4.7 B C 2.7 4.6 D D 4.8 5.2 E E 4.5 5.1 F F NE 2.9 E 0.6 3.1 E F 0.2 4.2 F E 1.0 4.8 C C 1.8 4.1 C C 2.8 4.6 D D 5.9 4.3 E E 2.7 4.0 E F ENE P. - 1.3 E 0.5 2.2 E F 0.2 2.9 E E 0.3 2.4 C C 1.5 3.8 C B 5.2 4.5 D D 4.6 4.1 E E 1.2 3.0 E F E 0.4 1.4 F 0.4 2.3 E F 0.5 4.4 D D 0.2 1.7 B C 1.3 3.8 C B 4.5 4.0 D D 2.9 3.1 E F 0.6 2.7 F F ESE 2.1 E 0.4 2.3 D E 0.4 7.2 D D 0.3 3.7 B D 1.9 4.1 C B 2.8 3.8 C D 3.1 3.1 E F 0.7 2.2 E F DIRECTION SE SSE S 0.7 ' ' " " 4.3 E 0.5 5.8 D E 0.6 4.5 E E 1.4 5.0 B C 2.2 4.7 C C 5.2 4.3 D D 4.0 3.9 E F 1.3 3.4 F F 1 5 0 11 1 5 3 4 5 4 6 4 4 4 1 4 . 1 .7 E .6 .8 D D .3 .0 D E .2 . 7 C C .4 .4 B C .2 .4 D D .3 .8 D E .9 .1 E E .i.b 6.0 E 5.6 6.2 D E 5.2 5.6 D E 8.1 5.6 C C 11.2 6.0 C C 12.8 5.8 C D 10.7 5.1 D E 6.0 5.4 E E SSW 8.7 6.0 D E 8.5 5.9 D E 8.3 6.1 D E 9.1 6.8 C C 8.5 6.9 C C 8.3 6.4 C D 8.8 5.8 D E 9.8 6.0 D E SW 12.6 fa. 5 D 12.9 6.3 D E 9.6 5.8 D E 5.9 6.1 C C 4.'4 6.1 B C 4.3 6.0 C E 7.4 6.5 D E 11.4 6.2 D E WSW 22 " 7 23 7 25 6 15 6 8 6 7 6 11 6 17 7 .0 .2 E .3 .0 E E .0 .9 D D .8 .9 C B .6 .9 B C .7 .6 D D .1 .8 D E .9 .0 E E W 15.4 b.b F 18.0 6.5 F F 19.2 6.2 E E 17.3 7.0 C B 16.8 7.9 B C 15.4 7.7 C D 13.8 6.9 E E 14.7 6.6 E E UNW 9.4 E 10.8 5.1 E F 12.3 5.3 E E 13.8 5.5 C B 10.4 7.1 B B 7.0 6.6 D D 6.8 6.2 E E 8.7 5.6 E F NW 11.4 5.1 E 8.5 5.2 E F 3 7 4.9 E D 11.8 4.6 C B 8.4 5.8 B B 6.7 5.7 D D 5.6 6.1 E E 8.1 5.3 E F NNW 5.9 5. 3 F 5.4 4.9 E F 4.5 4.9 E E 7.2 4.6 C B 6.2 4.6 B C 4.7 5.0 D E 3.6 5.6 E E 7.3 5.3 F F BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 76 TABLE A16 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? SPRING SEASON : SPRING HEIGHT : 49 M. TIME (EST.) 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 STATS. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(X) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB?) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBU) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. N 3.8 5 1 F E 4.9 5.1 F E 7.2 4.4 C C 9.8 4.9 B C 5.3 5.4 B C 2.0 6.2 D D l.C 5.8 D D 5.1 4.8 F E NNE 4.3A) F E 4.3 4.1 F E 4.5 4.4 C C 6.2 4.6 B C 4.3 4.6 B C 1.4 6.1 C C 4.6 4.7 E E 9.3 4.2 F E HE 4.3 E E 4.0 3.7 E E 2.0 3.5 C C 4.5 4.5p B 3.8 5.4 B B 7.5 6.6 C C 14.5 5.3 D D 7.0 3.9 E E ENE 4.0 E E 1.7 3.3 E E 1.4 3.7 C C 4.4 4.3 B B 15.5 6.2 C A 20.2 5.9 C B 12.1 4.3 D D 5.6 3.9 E E E 2.9 J ? E E 2.0 3.4 D E 0.9 3.6 C C 3.0 4.5 B B 8.0 5.8 C B 10.7 5.3 C C 7.2 3.6 D D 2.6 2.8 E E ESE 1.3 E E 2.1 4.4 D E 2.0 4.5 C C 3.9 5.3 B B 7.1 5.6 C B 9.7 5.6 C C 7.8 3.9 D E 3.3 2.9 E E DIRECTION SE SSE S 3.1 7.2 12.6 D E 1.8 4.9 D E 2.4 4.9 C C 4.6 5.1 B C 7.4 6.2 C B 8.5 6.1 C C 7.4 4.6 D D 4.3 4.1 D E D D 5.0 5.0 D D 6.4 4.8 C C 9.0 6.0 B B 9.4 7.0 C B 10. 2 7.0 C C 10.6 5,8 C D 8.1 4.9 D E D D 15.7 5.9 D D 15.6 5.9 C C 12.3 7.4 C C 10.4 8.4 C C 10.0 7.9 C C 10.1 6.4 D D 10.6 5.9 D D SSW 8.8 D E 7.7 5.2 D E 6.4 6.0 D D 3.0 7.8 B C 2.4 8.0 C D 2.4 8.3 C D 4.7 5.8 D D 7.1 5.5 D E SW 9.3 E E 8.4 5.6 E E 5.2 5.1 D D 2.0 6.3 B B 1.2 7.0 C D 1.0 7.7 C D 2.2 5.3 D E 7.6 5.2 E E WSW 9.8 F F 11.5 6.0 E F 9.4 6.0 D C 5.8 6.9 B B 4.2 7.6 B C 3.1 8.6 C D 4.7 6.9 D E 6.6 6.3 E E W 8.7 F F 10.0 5.4 F F 9.8 5.3 D C 7.0 7.4 B B 5.4 8.8 B C 4.2 9.7 C C 4.8 7.4 D E 6.9 6.0 E E WNW 6.8 F F 6.7 4.4 F F 9.0 4.4 D C 5.3 6.3 B B 5.6 8.4 B C 3.4 8.9 C C 3.4 7.0 D E 6.2 5.3p F NW 7.0 F E 8.1 4.5 F F 9.9 4.3 D C 9.2 4.8 B B 4.9 6.5 B C 2.9 6.7 C D 2.6 6.1 E E 5.2 5.1 F F NNW 6.0 F E 6.0 4.3 F E 7.8 4.3 C C 10.1 4.7 B C 5.0 6.0 B C 2.8 6.7 C D 1.7 6.5 E E 4.4 5.1 F E BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(2) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED UN THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 77 TABLE A17 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? ALL SEASONS COMBINED ALL SEASONS COMBINED HEIGHT : 49 M. TIME (.EST.) STATS. 0000-0300 PROB(%) ,.-. i ^ SY AV. SZ AV. 0300-0600 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0600-0900 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 0900-1200 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1200-1500 PROB(Z) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1500-1800 PROB(^) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 1800-2100 PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. N 3.8 ' T F E 3.8 4.5 F E 5.2 4.0 C C 7.5 4.7 B C 5.5 4.7 B C 2.1 4.6 D E 1.8 5.1 E E NNE 4.3 1 0 F E 3.7 3.7 F E 3.9 4.1 C D 5.3 4.5 B C 3.9 4.7 B C 2.0 5.0 D D 3.9 4.b E E Nii 3.8 T C E E 3.0 3.6 E E 1.8 3.7 C D 3.6 4.4 B C 3.4 5.0 B C 6.0 6.2 C C 12.2 5.2 D D ENE 2.5i ?< E E 1.4 3.4 E ? 1.4 3.8 C D 3.8 4.7 B B 11.1 6.3 C B 14.1 6.0 C C 10.1 4.6 D D E 2.4 T 1 E E 1.5 3.0 E E 1.5 3.7 C C 2.5 4.7 B B 7.6 5.9 C B 9.9 5.5 C C 6.1 3.9 D E ESE 2.2 T Q E E 2.2 3.9 E E 1.8 4.5 C D 2.5 5.2 B B 5.2 5.7 B B 6.9 5.4 C C 6.5 3.9 D E DIRECTION SE 3.1 4 Q D E 2.4 5.1 D E 2.6 4.9 C D 4.6 5.3 B C 6.7 6.1 C B 9.3 5.9 C C 7.9 4.8 D D SSE 5.9 q n D E 4.9 5.2 D E 6.5 5.0 C D 8.8 5.8 C C 9.7 6.5 C B 10.1 6.5 C C 9.1 5.7 D D S 12.7^ a D E 13.7 5.9 D E 12.9 5.7 C D 11.5 6.8 C C 11.3 7.6 C C 11.9 7.4 C D 11.6 6.3 D D SSW 8.3 S 1 D E 8.8 5.4 D E 7.5 5.6 D D 4.9 6.7 C C 4.1 7.1 C C 4.1 6.9 C D 5.8 5.9 D E SW 8.5 ?i.7 E E 9.1 5.6 E E 6.5 5.2 D D 3.0 5.8 C C 2.1' 6.4 B C 1.9 6.3 C D 3.9 6.0 D E KSW 12.7 6.4 E E 14.5 6.3 E F 14.0 6.4 D D 8.2 6.8 C B 4.9 7.2 B C 4.3 7.3 C D 5.8 6.9 D E " 9.6 5 6 F F 11.0 5.6 F F 11.2 5.5 E D 9.2 6.7 C B 8.1 7.7 B C 7.1 8.0 C D 6.7 7.0 D E KKK 7.1 4.5 E F 7.7 4.4 F F 8.8 4.5 D D 8.1 5.3 C B 5.8 7.1 B B 3.9 7.3 C D 3.5 6.4 E E Mi 7.9 4.6 F F 7.2 4.4 F F 8.4 4.3 D D 8.4 4.6 C B 5.5 5.8 B C 3.6 5.8 D D 2.8 5.8 E E NMi' 5.1 4.8 F E 5.1 4.3 F E 6.3 4.2 D D 8.0 4.7 B C 5.0 5.2 B C 2.7 5.4 D D 2.2 5.5 E E 2100-2400 PROB(%) 4.0 7.5 6.8 4.1 2.9 3.7 4.9 6.6 11.3 8.2 6.8 9.5 7.5 5.8 5.6 5.0 UBAR 4.5 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.0 3.4 4.6 5.0 6.1 5.5 5.8 6.8 6.2 5.1 4.8 4.9 SYAV. FEEEDDDDDDDEEEFF SZAV. EEEEEEEDEEEEEFF BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV. IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV. PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. E 78 TABLEAl 8 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS. AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? ALL TIMES COMBINED ALL TIMES COMBINED HEIGHT : 49 M. DIRECTION SEASON STATS. N NNE !1E ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNM NW NNW SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER SPRING PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROBW UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. PROB(%) UBAR SY AV. SZ AV. 4.8 4.2 D D 3.8 4.3 D D 3.5 4.6 D D 5.0 5.0 D D 6.0 4.1 D D 3.-J 4.1 D D 2.7 4.9 D E 4.8 4.4 D D 3.3 D D 4.4 4.5 D D 2.0 4.2 D E 6.0 4.9 D D 10.2 C C 4.8 4.9 D D 1.7 4.0 D D 8.1 5.1 C C 6.7 C C 4.7 4.8 D D 1.4 3.5 D D 4.7 4.6 C C 5.6 C C 4.2 4.7 D D 1.3 3.5 D D 4.6 4.8 C C 8.1 C C 5.8 5.5 D D' 2.0 4.3 D D 5.0 5.3 C C 11.7 C C 8.; 5.7 C D 3.0 4.8 D D 8.2 5.9 C C 15.2 D D 13.0 6.1 D D 8.1 5.7 D D 12.2 6.6 C D 3.8 D D 7.5 5.7 D E 8.8 6.2 D D 5.3 5.9 D D 2.2 2.8 E D E E 5.3 10.0 5.4 6.4 D E E E 8.6 16.5 6.2 7.0 D D E E 4.6 6.9 5.6 6.5 D D E D 3.0 Da 8.3 5.6 E E 16.3 6.9 D D 7.1 6.5 D D 3.6 D LJ 5.8 4.6 D D 9.9 5.7 D D 5.8 5.8 D D 3.7 D r\ 5.9 4.3 E D 8.6 5.3 D D 6.2 5.0 D D 4.0 D D 4.6 4.3 D D 5.6 5.0 D D 5.5 5.1 D D COMBINED PROB(%) 4.2 4.3 5.1 6.1 4.3 3.9 5.2 7.7 12.1 6.5 5.2 9.2 8.8 6.3 6.2 4.9 UBAR 4.5 4.3 4.8 5.2 4.7 4.6 5.3 5.7 6.4 5.9 5.7 6.6 6.4 5.3 4.8 4.8 SYAV. DliD'CCCCCDDDDDDDD SZAV. DDDCCDDDDDEEDDDD BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROBU) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. UBAR IS THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY AV, IS THE AVERAGE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ AV, PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 79 TABLE A19 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? SUMMER SEASON : SUMMER HEIGHT : 49 M. TIME DIRECTION (ESI.) STATS. N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 0000-0300 PROB(%) 6.4 7.7 7.6 4.5 4.2 3.4 5.0 10.5 19.8 5.7 4.9 4.0 3.1 3.8 4.7 4.6uso;. 2.9 3.2 3.1 :.; :.: :.i 3.7 4.2 ?.i ?.? S.R 3.6 3.5 2.5 3.1 3.7 SY50% FEEDDDCCCCEFEEFF SZ50% EEEDDDDDDDEEEEEE 0300-0600 PROBU) 4.8 6.9 5.5 2.5 2.3 3.3 3.8 8.7 20.8 8.4 5.3 5.4 4.1 6.3 7.0 4.8 U50% 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.2 2.3 3.7 4.0 5.2 3.9 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.6 3.0 3.1 SY50% FFEEDDCCCDEFFEFF SZ50X EEEDEEDDDDEEEEEE 0600-0900 PROBU) 8.5 7.3 3.9 2.1 2.7 3.0 5.0 11.3 17.5 4.6 3.0 3.i 3.9 7.1 8.3 8.8 U507. 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.3 5.4 5.1 3.9 5.5 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.2 SY50X BBBCBCBBCCCCCCCB SZ507. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 0900-1200 PROB(X) 10.0 10.3 6.6 7.9 3.5 3.9 8.5 13.3 12.2 1.7 0.6 2.0 3.5 4.J 4.5 7.4 U50X 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.5 7.1 6.8 4.4 5.7 5.9 5.0 3.8 4.2 SY502 AABBBBBBBBABBBAB SZ50% CCCAABBBCCCBAABC 1200-1500 PROBU) 3.4 2.0 4.2 22.1 13.5 7.6 10.4 13.0 10.5 1.3 0'.3 1.4 2.9 2.5 2.0 2.8 1)507. 4.7 4.8 5.1 6.4 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.5 8.4 7.2 7.8 7.6 8.0 8.1 6.6 6.0 SY50X BBBBBBBBCCBEBBBB SZ50% CDBAAAABCDCCBCCC 1500-1800 PROBU) 0..3 1.0 8.4 21.4 13.8 9.7 12.8 12.5 10.2 1.2 0.7 2.1 2.5 1.9 1.0 0.4 U50% 4.0 6.7 6.7 6.5 5.7 5.5 6.5 6.9 9.1 5.4 5.4 8.8 8.8 8.3 8.3 7.1 SY50% DBCBBBBBCCCCBBBC SZ50% DCCAAABCCDDDCCDC 1800-2100 PROB(%) 1.1 2.4 17.3 15.2 9.0 7.7 11.1 13.5 12.4 2.6 1.0 1.9 1.8 1.5 0.6 0.8 U50% 6.6 4.6 5.1 4.8 3.9 3.7 4.8 5.1 7.2 5.5 5.1 6.5 6.7 5.1 5.8 5.0 SY50% CDCCCCCCCCCCCDED SZ50X DDDDDDDDDDDDDDED 2100-2400 PROB(%) 3.7 10.1 13.2 6.2 4.7 6.5 8.0 11.2 18.0 5.3 2.1 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.7 U50% 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.9 3.8 5.3 3.7 4.1 6.1 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.1 SY50Z FEDCCCCCCCCDEEEE SZ50% EDDDDDDDDDDDDEEE BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50% IS THE 50Z PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. ' SY50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ507. IS THE 502 PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 80 TABLE A20 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, 50 PERCEN HLE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? AUTUMN SEASON : AUTUMN HEIGHT : 49 M. TIME (EST.) 0000-0300 0300-0600 STATS. PROB(Z) U50% SZ50% PROB(Z) U50% SY50% SZ50% 0600-0900 PROB(%) 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 SY50% SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% PROB(2) U50% SY50X SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ502 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% N NNE NE ENE DIRECTION ESE SE SSE S SW WSW W WKW KW KKW 2.7 3.5 3.0 1.7 2.4 3.6 3.8 5.2 13.1 9.9 7.3 13.2 10.7 7.9 8.1 3.9 3.8 3.1 3.5 2.6 3.0 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.6 ? .2 5.9 4.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 D D D 2.9 2.8 2.2 1.2 1.5 3.0 3.5 5.3 13.2 10.2 9.6 16.9 11.3 6.8 5.6 4.2 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.4 2.5 3.0 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.9 5.1 6.0 4.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 EFEEDDCDDCEFFEFF EEEEEEEEDEEEFF. EE 2.9 3.0 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.3 7.1 13.7 10.3 7.6 17.0 11.4 6.7 7.0 4.6 2.8 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.2 5.7 4.3 3.2 3.b 3.2 CCCCCCCCCCDDEDDC DDDCDDDDDDDDDDDD 6.9 4.2 2.6 2.8 3.5 2.3 4.0 10.1 13.4 5.4 3.3 8.6 8.7 8.6 7.9 7.6 3.7 3.7 2.9 3.6 4.3 5.1 4.4 4.8 5.8 5.7 4.5 6.5 4.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 ABABBBBBBBBBBBBB CCCBBBCCCCBBAABB 6.4 4.5 3.8 6.9 8.1 4.4 7.0 11.2 12.8 3.9 2.! 5.3 6.8 4.6 6.3 5.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.9 5.6 6.7 6.6 5.3 6.7 5.3 3.9 3.7 3.9 BABBBBBBBBBBBBBB CCBAAABBCCCCCCCC 2.4 2.9 5.5 11.1 11.0 6.2 10.6 11.7 14.0 4.0 1.6 4.0 5.5 3.1 3.6 2.8 3.8 3.2 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.7 5.0 6.3 7.0 5.3 6.5 6.7 5.3 3.4 4.1 CDCCCBCCCCCCCCCC DDDCCCCCDDDDDDDD 1.9 4.0 11.9 9.2 5.5 7.7 9.0 8.5 12.8 6.8 4.6 5.1 5.7 2.4 2.2 2.6 3.9 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.9 5.6 5.2 6.7 6.4 5.8 4.3 4.6 EECCDDDCCCDDDDFE EEDDDDDDDDDDEEEE 4.1 6.4 4.7 3.8 3.6 4.4 6.1 5.8 10.9 10.0 6.1 9.9 6.1 6.0 7.0 5.2 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.0 2.1 3.4 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.4 6.4 4.8 3.7 3.3 3.8 EEDEEEDCCCCDEEFE EEDEEEDDDDDEEEEE BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(Z) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TINE PERIOD. U50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 81 TABLE A? 1 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS, HOPJZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. Ti IE OF DAY - WINTER SEASON : WINTER HEIGHT : 49 M. TUG. CEST.) STATS. 0000-0300 PROB(X) U50T SYS OX SZ50X 0300-0600 PROB(X) U50X SY50X SZ50X 0600-0900 PROB(X) US OX SY50X SZ50X 0900-1200 PROB(Z) U50X SY50X SZ50X 1200-1500 PROB(X) U50X SY50X SZ50X 1500-1800 PROB(X) U50X SYS OX SZ50Z. 1800-2100 PROB(X) U50X SYS OX SZ50X 2100-2400 PROB(X) U50X SYS OX SZ50X N NSE NE ENE DIRECTION ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 2.6 2.0 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.1 5.5 8.7 12.6 22.8 15.4 9.4 11.4 5.9 4.1 4.3 2.8 1.0 1.0 1.7 2.0 3.8 5.2 5.5 6.1 7.0 6.2 4.2 4.6 4.2 EEEEEDDDDCCEFEEE EEEFFEDDEEEEEEEE 2.8 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 5.6 8.5 12.9 23.3 18.0 10.8 8.5 5.4 4.4 3.5 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.0 3.0 10.8 5.4 5.3 5.7 6.9 6.0 4.6 4.4 4.1 EEEEEDCCCCDEFEEE EEEEEDEDEEEEEEEE 2.6 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.3 5.2 8.3 9.6 25.0 19.2 12.3 8.7 4.5 3.6 4.8 4.0 2.0 3.0 4.5 3.3 3.7 4.7 5.2 5.3 6.7 5.4 4.5 4.1 4.2 EDEEDCECCCCCEEED EDDDDDDDDDDDDEDD 3.8 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.4 3.2 8.1 9.1 5.9 15.8 17.3 13.8 11.8 7.2 4.1 4.4 4.8 1.5 1.2 3.0 3.5 3.8 5.1 6.1 5.6 6.5 6.0 4.1 3.7 3.8 BBBBABbBBBBBBBBB BACCCDCCCCCBAAAA 6.7 4.8 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.9 2.2 5.4 11.2 8.5 4.4 8.6 16.8 10.4 8.4 6.2 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 5.6 6.2 5.7 6.5 7.0 5.7 4.3 3.6 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB CCBBAABCCCCCBAAB 3.7 2.7 2.8 5.2 4.5 2.8 5.2 6.2 12.8 8.3 4.3 7.7 15.4 7.0 6.7 4.7 3.3 3.4 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.4 5.3 5.7 5.6 6.2 7.1 5.5 4.6 3.9 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DDDCCDDDDDDDDDDD 2.5 4.8 5.9 4.6 1.9 3.1 4.0 4.3 10.7 8.8 7.4 11.1 13.8 6.8 5.6 3.6 4.1 4.5 4.0 3.9 2.7 2.6 3.4 3.8 4.7 5.3 6.1 6.6 6.4 5.5 5.8 5.1 EEEEEEEDCCCCDDDE EEEEEEEDDDDDEEEE 3.1 4.5 2.7 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.9 6.0 9.8 11.4 17.9 14.7 8.7 8.1 7.3 4.3 4.4 3.5 2.2 2.1 1.3 2.8 3.3 4.7 5.4 5.9 6.9 6.4 5.1 4.7 4.7 EEEEEDFEDCDDEEEE EEEFFFFEEDEEEEEE BEGINNING DATE : 81177 L.ND DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(X) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50X IS THE SOX PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY50X IS THE SOX PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50X IS THE SOX PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BA'iED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. TABLE A22 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS. 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? SPRING SEASJN : SPRING TIME (KST.) STATS. 0000-0300 PROB(Z) U50% SY50% SZ50% 0300-0600 PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50% 0600-0900 PROB(%) U50% SY502 SZ50% 0900-1200 PROB(%) U50X SY502 SZ50% 1200-1500 PROB(%) U50% SY502 SZ50% 1500-1800 PP.OB(%) U50Z SY502 SZ50% 1800-2100 PROB(%) U50% SY502 SZ50% 2100-2400 PROB(%) U50Z SY502 SZ50Z HEIGHT : 49 M. DIRECTION N NNE NE ENE ESE SE SSE SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.0 2.9 1.3 3.1 7.2 12.6 8.8 9.3 9.8 8.7 6.8 7.0 6.0 4.2 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.1 4.5 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.1 5.4 4.4 4.1 3.8 4.8 FFEEEDCCCCDFFErF EEDEEEDDDDEEEEEE 4.9 4.3 4.0 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 5.0 15.7 7.7 8.4 11.5 10.0 6.7 8.1 6.0 4.3 3.6 3.3 2.5 2.6 4.0 4.3 4.2 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.7 5.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 EFEEDCDCCCDEFEFF EEDEEEDDDDEEEEEE 7.2 4.5 2.0 1.4 0.9 2.0 2.4 6.4 15.6 6.4 5.2 9.4 9.8 9.0 9.9 7.8 3.6 3.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.9 3.9 4.1 5.3 4.9 4.6 5.3 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 BCBBBBBBCCCCCCCC CCCCBCCCCCCCCCCC 9.8 6.2 4.5 4.4 3.0 3.9 4.6 9.0 12.3 3.0 2.0 5.8 7.0 5.3 9.2 10.1 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.2 5.5 7.0 6.3 5.1 6.5 6.3 5.0 3.8 3.7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBAAABABBAAAAAC 5.3 4.3 3.8 15.5 8.0 7.1 7.4 9.4 10.4 2.4 1.2 4.2 5.4 5.6 4.9 5.0 4.2 3.9 4.9 5.8 5.6 5.1 5.6 6.7 7.7 7.5 6.5 7.5 6.8 7.5 5.3 4.7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB CCBAAAAABCCCCCCC 2.0 1.4 7.5 20.2 10.7 9.7 8.5 10.2 10.0 2.4 1.0 3.1 4.2 3.4 2.9 2.8 5.0 6.0 6.2 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.6 6.2 7.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.6 7.2 6.4 5.6 CCCCBBBBCCBBBCBB DCCABBBCCDCDCCCD 1.6 4.6 14.5 12.1 7.2 7.8 7.4 10.6 10.1 4.7 2.2 4.7 4.8 3.4 2.6 1.7 4.8 4.4 4.7 3.8 3.1 3.3 4.1 4.9 5.4 5.1 4.8 6.2 7.0 6.1 5.7 6.6 CDCCCCCCCCDCCCEE DEDDDDDDDDDDDDEE 5.1 9.3 7.0 5.6 2.6 3.3 4.3 8.1 10.6 7.1 7.6 6.6 6.9 6.2 5.2 4.4 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.3 2.1 3.6 4.1 5.2 5.0 4.8 5.9 5.6 4.7 4.4 4.4 EEEDDDCCCCDEEEFE EEDDDEDDDDEEEEEE BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROBU) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY50Z IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 83 TABLE A23 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY - ALL SEASONS COMBINED ALL SEASONS COMBINED HEIGHT : 49 M. TIME (EST.) 0000-0300 0300-0600 0600-0900 0900-1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 DIRECTION STATS. PROB(%) US OXs v5 crj SZ5QZ PROB(%) U50Z SY50% SZ50% PROB(%) U50% SY50% SZ50Z PROB{%) U50% SY50Z SZ50% FROBU) U50Z SY50% SZ50% PROBU) U50% SY50Z SZ50% PROB(%) U50Z SY50Z SZ50Z PROB(Z) U50% SY50Z SZ50% N 3.9 3.4 E 3.8 3.8 E E 5.3 3.4 B C 7.6 4.0 B C 5.4 3.9 B C 2.1 3.7 C D 1.8 4.3 E E 4.0 3.8 E E NNE 4.4 3.3 E 3.8 3.2 F E 4.0 3.4 C C 5.4 4.0 B C 3.9 3.9 B C 2.0 3.9 C D 3.9 4.3 E E 7.6 3.7 E E NE 3.9 3.2 E 3.1 3.1 E E 1.8 3.0 B C 3.6 3.8 B C 3.4 4.3 B B 6.1 5.8 C C 12.4 4.7 C D 6.9 3.6 D E ENE 2.6 2.6 E 1.5 2.8 E E 1.4 2.9 C C 3.8 4.1 B A 11.5 6.0 B A 14.5 5.6 C B 10.3 4.2 C D 4.2 3.1 D D E 2.5 2.4 E 1.5 2.3 D E 1.4 2.7 B C 2.6 4.0 B A 7.7 5.4 B A 10.0 5.1 B B 6.2 3.3 C D 2.9 2.5 D D ESE 2.2 2.8 E 2.2 2.7 D E 1.8 3.4 C D 2.6 4.4 B B 5.3 5.1 B A 7.1 5.0 B C 6.6 3.3 C D 3.7 2.7 D E SE 3.1 4.0 P D 2.4 4.1 C D 2.6 3.7 C C 4.6 4.4 B B 6.8 5.5 B A 9.3 5.3 B C 7.9 4.2 C D 4.9 3.7 C D SSE 6.0 4.3 C D 4.9 4.3 C D 6.5 4.2 C C 8.9 5.2 B B 9.8 6.0 B B 10.2 5.6 B C 9.2 4.5 C D 6.7 4.0 C D S 12.8 5.0 C D 13.8 5.2 C D 13.0 5.0 C C 11.5 6.3 B C 11.2 7.0 R C 11.7 6.5 C C 11.5 5.3 C D 11.4 4.9 C D SSW 8.3 4.8 C D 8.7 4.7 C D 7.4 4.9 C D 4.8 6.1 B C 4.0 6.4 B C 4.0 6.2 C D 5.7 5.4 C D 8.1 4.9 C D SW 8.5 5.3 D E 9.0 5.1 E E 6.4 4.8 C D 3.0 5.1 B B 2.0 5.8 B C 1.9 5.7 C D 3.8 5.7 C D 6.8 5.5 D E WSW 12.5 6.2 E E 14.3 6.1 E E 13.6 6.1 C D 8.1 6.4 B ii 4.9 6.8 B C 4.2 6.8 C D 5.7 6.5 C D 9.2 6.6 D E W 9.5 4.9 F ? 10.9 4.8 F E 11.1 4.7 D D 9.1 5.6 B A 8.0 6.7 B C 6.9 7.3 C D 6.5 6.5 C D 7.5 5.8 E E WNW 7.0 3.7 F. E 7.6 3.6 E E 8.8 3.7 C D 7.9 4.0 B '? 5.8 5.7 B B 3.9 6.5 C D 3.5 5.7 D E 5.7 4.4 E E NW 7.8 3.8 F E 7.3 3.7 F E 8.5 3.6 C D 8.4 3.6 D '' 5.4 4.4 B B 3.5 4.7 C D 2.7 5.4 E E 5.5 4.1 E E NNW 5.1 4.0 F E 5.1 3.6 F E 6.4 3.4 C C 8.1 3.8 B B 5.0 4.0 B C 2.7 4.4 C D 2.2 5.0 E E 4.9 4.3 E E BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(Z) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50Z IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50Z IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA. 84 TABLE A24 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF 49 m WIND DIRECTIONS, 50 PERCENTILE WIND SPEEDS, HORIZONTAL AND VERTiCAL DIFFUSION PARAMETERS v. TIME OF DAY ? ALL TIMES COMBINED ALL TIMES COMBINED HEIGHT : 49 M. SEASON STATS. N NNE NE ENE DIRECTION E ESi; SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW SUMMER PROB(%) U50X SV5 ?"?' SZ50% AUTUMN PROB(%) U50% SY50X SZ50% WINTER PROBU) U50% SYS OX SZ50Z SPRING PROB(%) U502 SY50X SZ50X COMBINED PROBU) U50% SY502 SZ5QZ 4.8 6.0 8.3 10.2 6.7 5.6 8.1 11.7 15.2 3.8 2.2 2.8 3.0 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.6 4.2 5.3 4.6 4.1 5.0 5.2 6.3 4.2 3.9 5.0 4.9 3.7 3.4 3.7 D D B D D D D D D D D 3.8 3.9 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.2 5.8 8.1 13.0 7.5 5.3 10.0 8.3 5.8 5.9 4.6 3.7 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.4 4.7 5.4 5.0 5.0 6.2 4.7 3.5 3.5 3.7 BDCCCCCCCCDDDDEC DDDDCDDDDDDDDDDD 3.5 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 2.0 3.0 8.1 8.8 8.6 16.5 16.3 9.9 8.6 5.6 3.9 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.6 5.1 5.5 5.8 6.8 6.3 4.8 4.3 4.1 CDDCCCCCCCCCCCDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 5.0 4.8 6.0 8.1 4.7 4.6 5.0 8.2 12.2 5.3 4.6 6.9 7.1 5.8 6.2 5.5 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.7 4.1 4.3 4.7 5.2 6.0 5.1 5.0 5.9 5.6 4.7 4.1 4.1 CDCCCCCBCCDCCCCC DDDCCCCCCUDDDDDD 4.2 4.3 5.1 6.1 4.3 3.9 5.2 7.7 12.1 6.5 5.2 9.2 8.8 6.3 6.2 4.9 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.9 5.6 5.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 CDCCCCCCCCCCCCDC DDDCCDCCDDDDDDDD BEGINNING DATE : 81177 END DATE : 10583 NOTE : PROB(%) IS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF A WIND DIRECTION IN THE TIME PERIOD. U50Z IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE 0" WIND SPEED IN M/S. SY50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THf PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE TURBULENCE METHOD. SZ50% IS THE 50% PROBABILITY VALUE OF THE PASQUILL STABILITY CATEGORY BASED ON THE USNRC TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CRITERIA.