Journal Publications

This community mainly contains citations and URL's to full text content, yet where permitted, the PDF file, of the journal articles written by ANSTO authors.

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Browsing Journal Publications by Subject "Accidents"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Evaluation on nuclear emergency response strategies in the Asia-Pacific region
    (Elsevier B. V., 2021-09) Li, F; Wang, J; Li, H; Hu, Q; Dan, WX; Ge, LQ; Cohen, DD
    The safe use of nuclear energy has always been one of the vital factors hindering the development of nuclear energy. Especially after the Chernobyl Disaster in 1986 and the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011, the attitude of the government and the public towards the safe handling of nuclear power has become increasingly negative. International discussions on the emergency decision of nuclear accidents have never ceased, and the process of dealing with the accidents’ aftermath is still difficult. Therefore, it is worth researching on the trend, effectiveness and perfection of the nuclear emergency response strategies issued by the government. This article selected the Asia-Pacific region as the research object, deeply reviewed the optimization policy and management of Australia, China, Thailand, Russia and other countries since 1953. With the constantly innovation of nuclear technology, this work is of great significance to formulate relevant policies and to improve the global nuclear emergency response strategies in the future. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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    Model testing using data on 137Cs from Chernobyl fallout in the Iput River catchment area of Russia
    (Elsevier, 2005-06-28) Thiessen, KM; Sazykina, TG; Apostoaei, AI; Balonov, MI; Crawford, J; Domel, R; Fesenko, SV; Filistovic, V; Galeriu, D; Homma, T; Kanyár, B; Krajewski, P; Kryshev, AI; Kryshev, II; Nedveckaite, T; Ould-Dada, Z; Sanzharova, NI; Robinson, C; Sjöblom, KL
    Data collected for 10 years following the Chernobyl accident in 1986 have provided a unique opportunity to test the reliability of computer models for contamination of terrestrial and aquatic environments. The Iput River scenario was used by the Dose Reconstruction Working Group of the BIOMASS (Biosphere Modelling and Assessment Methods) programme. The test area was one of the most highly contaminated areas in Russia following the accident, with an average contamination density of 137Cs of 800,000 Bq m-2 and localized contamination up to 1,500,000 Bq m-2, and a variety of countermeasures that were implemented in the test area had to be considered in the modelling exercise. Difficulties encountered during the exercise included averaging of data to account for uneven contamination of the test area, simulating the downward migration and changes in bioavailability of 137Cs in soil, and modelling the effectiveness of countermeasures. The accuracy of model predictions is dependent at least in part on the experience and judgment of the participant in interpretation of input information, selection of parameter values, and treatment of uncertainties. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Protection of the environment
    (SAGE, 2020-08-28) Copplestone, D; Hirth, GA; Cresswell, T; Johansen, MP
    The International Commission on Radiological Protection’s (ICRP) system to protect the living components of the environment is designed to provide a broad and practical framework across different exposure situations. The framework recognises the need to be able to demonstrate an adequate level of protection in relation to planned exposure situations, whilst also providing an ability to manage existing and emergency situations in an appropriate way. In all three exposure situations, the release of radionuclides into the natural environment leads to exposures of non-human biota (wildlife), as well as having the potential for exposures of the public. How the key principles of the ICRP system of radiological protection apply in each of these exposure situations will be discussed. Using examples, we will demonstrate how the overall approach provides a mechanism for industry to assess and demonstrate compliance with the environmental protection objectives of relevant (national) legislation, and to meet stakeholder expectations that radiological protection of the environment is taken into consideration in accordance with international best practice. However, several challenges remain, and these will be discussed in the context of the need for additional guidance on the protection of the environment. Copyright © 2020 by International Commission of Radiological Protection, published by SAGE.