Browsing by Author "Vandergoes, MJ"
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemThe application of pollen radiocarbon dating and bayesian age-depth modeling for developing robust geochronological frameworks of wetland archives(Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona, 2022-04-27) Cadd, HR; Sherborne-Higgins, B; Becerra-Valdivia, L; Tibby, J; Barr, C; Forbes, MS; Cohen, TJ; Tyler, JJ; Vandergoes, MJ; Francke, A; Lewis, RJ; Jacobsen, GE; Marjo, CE; Turney, CSM; Arnold, LJWetland sediments are valuable archives of environmental change but can be challenging to date. Terrestrial macrofossils are often sparse, resulting in radiocarbon (14C) dating of less desirable organic fractions. An alternative approach for capturing changes in atmospheric 14C is the use of terrestrial microfossils. We 14C date pollen microfossils from two Australian wetland sediment sequences and compare these to ages from other sediment fractions (n = 56). For the Holocene Lake Werri Berri record, pollen 14C ages are consistent with 14C ages on bulk sediment and humic acids (n = 14), whilst Stable Polycyclic Aromatic Carbon (SPAC) 14C ages (n = 4) are significantly younger. For Welsby Lagoon, pollen concentrate 14C ages (n = 21) provide a stratigraphically coherent sequence back to 50 ka BP. 14C ages from humic acid and >100 µm fractions (n = 13) are inconsistent, and often substantially younger than pollen ages. Our comparison of Bayesian age-depth models, developed in Oxcal, Bacon and Undatable, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the different programs for straightforward and more complex chrono-stratigraphic records. All models display broad similarities but differences in modeled age-uncertainty, particularly when age constraints are sparse. Intensive dating of wetland sequences improves the identification of outliers and generation of robust age models, regardless of program used. © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona
- ItemExploring the source-to-sink residence time of terrestrial pollen deposited offshore Westland, New Zealand(Elsevier, 2016-07-01) Ryan, MT; Newnham, RM; Dunbar, GB; Vandergoes, MJ; Rees, ABH; Neil, H; Callard, SL; Alloway, BV; Bostock, HC; Hua, Q; Anderson, BMThe occurrence of terrestrial palynomorphs in Quaternary marine sedimentary sequences allows for direct land–sea correlations and provides a means for transferring Marine Isotope Stage chronologies to terrestrial records that extend beyond the range of radiocarbon dating. Both of these important applications require an implicit assumption that the lag between pollen release and final deposition on the seafloor – here referred to as source-to-sink residence time – is negligible in relation to the chronological resolution of the sedimentary sequence. Most studies implicitly assume zero lag, and where studies do take palynomorph residence time into account, its magnitude is rarely quantified. In Westland, New Zealand, fluvial transport is the main source of delivery of terrestrial pollen offshore to the adjacent East Tasman Sea. We radiocarbon-dated organic matter carried and deposited by contemporary Westland rivers that drain catchments with varying degrees of disturbance. The ages obtained ranged widely from essentially modern (i.e., − 57 ± 22 cal yr BP) to 3583 ± 188 cal yr BP, suggesting that precisely constraining the residence time in this region is unlikely to be achieved. We also compared the timing of four palynomorph events characterising Westland's late Pleistocene, along with the well-dated Kawakawa/Oruanui Tephra (KOT), between marine core MD06-2991 and four terrestrial records from Westland. Critically, all palynomorph events and the KOT are chronologically indistinguishable with respect to the independently dated marine and terrestrial records, supporting the general principle of transferring the marine chronology onto the terrestrial records in this setting. In other regions, particularly those lacking the high soil production and erosion rates that characterise Westland, we suggest that similar tests of marine residence time should be conducted before assumptions of zero or negligible lag are invoked.© 2016, Elsevier B.V.
- ItemIdentifying a reliable target fraction for radiocarbon dating sedimentary records from lakes(Elsevier, 2013-06-01) Howarth, JD; Fitzsimons, SJ; Jacobsen, GE; Vandergoes, MJ; Norris, RJLake basins that experience rapid rates of deposition act as high-resolution environmental archives because they produce sedimentary records that have centennial or even decadal resolution. However, identifying target fractions for radiocarbon dating of lake sediments remains problematic because reworked organic material from fluvial catchments can produce anomalously old radiocarbon ages. This study determines the extent to which reworked material from catchment soils impacts radiocarbon dates on pollen and other organic concentrates by comparing radiocarbon dates produced by these techniques against a chronostratigraphic marker in cores from Lake Mapourika, New Zealand. Pollen preferentially preserved and reworked from catchment soils was identified using soil palynology. A technique was then developed to remove reworked pollen types from pollen concentrates extracted from lake sediment. Identification and removal of reworked pollen from pollen concentrates produced ages that were consistently closer to the age of the chronostratigraphic horizon than other organic concentrates. However, these dates were still between 736 and 366 calendar years older than expected. The only organic fractions that reliably reproduced the age of the chronostratigraphic horizon were terrestrial leaf macrofossils, although terrestrial leaf macrofossils isolated from megaturbidite deposits, which are formed by high-energy depositional events, also provided anomalously old ages. The results indicate that leaf material extracted from hemipelagite, which accumulates gradually, is likely to be the only organic fraction to produce reliable chronology in lakes where a component of sedimentation is driven by the fluvial system. The results also demonstrate the importance of conducting a detailed investigation of physical sedimentology before selecting material for radiocarbon dating lake sediments. Crown Copyright © 2013, Elsevier Ltd.
- ItemLate glacial and Holocene climate change in the subantarctic Auckland Islands(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2017-12-14) Gilmer, G; Moy, CM; Vandergoes, MJ; Gadd, PS; Riesselman, CR; Jacobsen, GE; Wilson, GS; Visinand, CSituated within the core of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, and between the subtropical and subantarctic fronts, the New Zealand subantarctic islands are uniquely positioned to evaluate past ocean and atmospheric change in the middle to high southern latitudes. We collected a series of sediment cores from Auckland Island fjords to produce a high-resolution record of climate change following the Last Glacial Maximum. Physical property and organic geochemical data, Itrax XRF, and visual core descriptions indicate the cores capture several phases of sedimentation. From these studies, we identify four primary sedimentary facies: 1) a deglacial facies exhibiting mm-scale laminae defined by magnetic susceptibility and density contrasts and high counts of elements associated with terrigenous sources; 2) a lacustrine facies defined by very low density, high organic carbon concentrations and low counts of lithophilic elements; 3) a marine transgression facies with moderate density, moderate bioturbation and alternating marine and lacustrine sedimentary components; 4) a marine facies that contains biogenic carbonate. Radiocarbon results indicate deglacial sedimentation was underway in the basin by approximately 19,000 cal yr BP. Lacustrine deposition in ice-free conditions began around 15,600 cal yr BP and continued until marine transgression at approximately 9,500 cal yr BP. During the early Holocene between 11 and 9.5 ka, we observe elevated n-alkane δD values and an overall increase in redox-sensitive elements that signal a combination of warmer atmospheric temperatures and reduced westerly wind strength that drives fjord stratification. Poleward-shifted westerlies south of the Auckland Islands could accommodate these results, but there are few records to corroborate this interpretation. We will discuss these results within the context of developing New Zealand and subantarctic paleoclimate records in order to provide a more comprehensive record of past change.
- ItemLate Pleistocene and Holocene climate and environmental evolution of a subantarctic fjord ingression basin in the southwest Pacific(Elsevier, 2021-02-01) Greer, G; Moy, CM; Riesselman, CR; Vandergoes, MJ; Jacobsen, GE; Gorman, AR; Tidey, EJ; Wilson, GSSubantarctic islands are located at a critical latitude for reconstructing past changes in ocean-atmosphere interactions. Currently, there is a lack of high-resolution records from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean that can be used to reconstruct climate since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, we present a reconstruction of environmental change from a fjord ingression basin at New Zealand’s subantarctic Auckland Islands (50.5°S) over the last ∼19 ka cal BP. Using sedimentological and geochemical analysis of cores collected along a depth transect in Norman Inlet we find evidence for four different stages of environmental history: deglacial, lacustrine, marine transgression, and marine. Glaciers retreated from their maximum extent before 19.4 ka cal BP during a period of ice retreat that appears synchronous across the Pacific basin, likely due to southward migration of the Subtropical Front. However, in contrast to other glaciated regions, we see no evidence for ice re-advance, and a proglacial lake was present in the basin until 15.7 ka cal BP. Following deglaciation, organic-rich sedimentation dominated the lacustrine environment until post-glacial sea-level rise flooded the depositional basin at 8.8 ka cal BP. Deposition of organic-rich sediment continued during the Antarctic Cold Reversal and we find no evidence for a glacial re-advance. Mixing of terrestrial and marine organic matter during the marine transgression (8.8–6.7 ka cal BP) indicates significant erosion and re-working of sediment in the catchment as seawater overtopped the sill. Modern fjord circulation commenced ∼6.7 ka cal BP when sea level reached its maximum in the early Holocene. This well-dated, high-resolution record constrains the timing of deglaciation, sea-level rise, and subantarctic environmental change following the LGM that expands our understanding of the key drives of climate change in the middle to high southern latitudes. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd.
- ItemMid-late quaternary vegetation and climate change reconstructed from palynology of marine cores off southwestern New Zealand(18th INQUA Congress, 2011-07-21) Ryan, MT; Newnham, RM; Dunbar, GB; Vandergoes, MJ; Neil, H; Bostock, HCThis paper presents preliminary findings from a new PhD investigation that aims to produce a long continuous mid-late Quaternary record of terrestrial pollen, vegetation, and climate. Records are generated from marine cores collected ca. 100 km west of the central South Island of New Zealand (ca. 42 oS, 170 oE). These cores were collected as part of the 2006 MATACORE voyage of R/V Marion DuFresne. Core sites were located on channel levees that have aggraded with sea-level rise, and are fed by river discharge and littoral drift where they cross the shelf and upper slope. The main core to be used in this study extends from the present back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, on the basis of preliminary ?18O stratigraphy, at an estimated sedimentation rate of 10 cm ka-1, which is comparatively high for the NZ region. Previous investigation of similar marine sequences has revealed their unexpected capacity for generating robust pollen records that mirror those produced at adjacent sites on land. This, allied with analysis of surface samples, has indicated the likely provenance and vegetation source area of the pollen. The marine sequences provide additional benefits to their terrestrial counterparts, notably the capacity to generate long, continuous pollen records with rigorous chronologies. These chronologies can be intimately tied to other marine proxies, investigated in the same sequences, and the climate reconstructions generated from them. These terrestrially influenced, high sedimentation, West Coast cores will enable stronger insights than were previously possible into marine and terrestrial climate in the southern mid-latitudes across the last 4-5 glacial-interglacial cycles. Of particular interest are the differences in timing of response to climate transitions, between the marine and terrestrial realms and between the southern mid-latitudes and northern hemisphere and Antarctic glaciations. Copyright (c) 2011 INQUA 18
- ItemTiming and importance of arboriculture and agroforestry in a temperate East Polynesia Society, the Moriori, Rekohu (Chatham Island)(Elsevier, 2016-01-01) Maxwell, JJ; Howarth, JD; Vandergoes, MJ; Jacobsen, GE; Barber, IGIdentifying arboriculture and agroforestry in Polynesian Societies has usually relied heavily upon the ethnographic record in the absence of direct archaeological evidence. In this paper we outline a multi-proxy research design, including ethnography, palynology, anthracology, archaeology and a high precision chronology to evaluate arboriculture and agroforestry as components of Moriori subsistence practices before the arrival of Europeans in 1791. The colonisers of Rekohu brought with them a mainland New Zealand endemic tree, Corynocarpus laevigatus, and the technology to propagate the tree in a less than ideal climate and to process its drupe into a storable source of carbohydrate in what was a difficult environment for Polynesian cultivation practices. We also present a conceptual model of forest change due to Moriori fuel selection practices which suggests that Moriori were actively managing these forest spaces for food, fuel, medicine, construction material and as a habitation space, therefore making agroforestry an important component of Moriori subsistence. © 2016, Elsevier Ltd.